Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
84
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
84-88
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the article, opinions about the use of color-denoting lexemes in Turkic languages were analyzed. The world of color
has a symbolic meaning in the culture of every people, that is, color is a factor reflecting the culture of the people.
KEYWORDS
Turkic languages, subjective evaluation, ancient writing, polysemous lexemes, aspects of colors.
INTRODUCTION
The range of use of color-denoting lexemes (oq. qora,
sariq, ko'k, yashil, etc.) in Turkic languages is wide.
These units of words are called adverbs in grammar
and they denote different signs of an object. Adjectives
express color, appearance, and beauty through their
lexical meaning.
In the effective depiction of the objective world,
nature, life, the human soul, its inner spiritual
experiences, excitements, heartfelt feelings, in
depicting them in vivid pictures, artistic scenes,
images, the image becomes a necessary artistic tool,
identifying their unique and colorful features.
Comparisons in works of art open up opportunities for
word masters to fulfill the strict requirements of word
art.
In world linguistics, lexemes expressing a sign have
been studied to some extent. A number of studies have
been devoted to this issue in Turkic languages, and in
Uzbek linguistics, adverbs related to volume and
subjective evaluation have been specifically studied. In
Karakalpak linguistics, the stylistic function of adverbs
Research Article
SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES OF COLOR-DENOTING LEXEMES
Submission Date:
Sep 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 25, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 30, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue09-13
Masharipova Umidaxon Khudoybergenovna
Assistant of the Nukus State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
85
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
84-88
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
was specifically studied in the works of the renowned
poet I. Yusupov.
However, to date, no research has been conducted on
the lexical-semantic and linguocultural aspects of
lexemes expressing a sign in limited works of art.
The color world in the culture of each nation has a
symbolic meaning, that is, color is a factor that
expresses the culture of the nation. Especially through
the signs that our population views from a religious
point of view, it becomes clear that good and evil,
greatness and evil in life figuratively reflect the diverse
characteristics of humanity. The emotions that are
difficult to explain convey the unique symbolic
meanings of the world of colors. The emerging
additional meanings of color-denoting polysemantic
lexemes appear in the base meaning, and since they
assimilate a part of this meaning in their semantic
structure, the additional meaning cannot leave the
associative thematic field of the base meaning. The
semantic role of the word "qara" in Turkic languages is
extremely broad. The word "qara" in Turkic languages
is expressed in various phonetic and semantic variants.
The origin of this word from ancient times is evidenced
by ancient Turkic written monuments and the evidence
of some modern Turkic languages. If we look at the
archetype of the word "qara," the old Turkic language
itself had several meanings. Each word in the
Mongolian language corresponds to the word "qara"
in the Karakalpak language. It seems that both in Old
Turkic, Mongolian, and other Turkic languages, the
expression of the meaning is the same as the meaning
of curses. In all languages, it is used both in a canyon
and in a mixed form. Qara(black): I. Qara (reń); 2. Túnek
(jarıq joq); 3. Awıs. Baxıtsızlıq, sátsizlik, qay
ǵ
ı
l
ı
; 4. Aw
ı
s.
Jamanl
ı
q, qara kewil;
5. Awıs. Kúndelikli, jay; 6. Ílas; 7.
Sıya; qara jer –
awıs. Tabıt, shirik; qara juz –xızmetshi;
qara orun - áwlie; qara jel
–
qattı samal; qara jag –
neft;
qara boguq
–
isiktiń túri; qara ot –
ósimlik; qara mirc -
qara burısh; qara qaraq –qarashıq; qara –
búrkit; qara
erik
–
qáreli; Qara terim yugurti (Ton,52); Qara terimdi
a
ǵ
ı
zd
ı
m. II. Topar, kópshilik: qara bodun - puqara; qara
bas
–
qul (DTS, 108,169,423-b). Words in this sense
formed the basis for the formation of other compound
words: qarataban, qaratag'an, qaratal, qaratalak, qara
chay, qara puqara, qara torgay, qara g'arg'a, qoramal,
qora so'z and etc. In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the
Karakalpak Language" the meanings of the word
"qora" are given as follows: qara bawır –
inner world.
Qara ba
ǵ
r
ım meniń sonı tiledi, Bul dúnya
ǵ
a
sh
ı
qqan
ı
mnan ne payda (Ótesh). Qara gúz - late
autumn. Qara qay
ǵ
ı
–
wretched. Qaranar - form of
camel; Qarapáre
ń
–
man's dark skin; Qara soy
ı
w
–
to
slaughter cattle; Qara tigiliw
–
to be a widow; Qara
kesek
–
lean meat; Qara kiyiw
–
the wife of the
deceased family to wear black, grief; Qarapayım xalıq –
simple people; Qara suwıq –
it is very cold when there
is little snow on the ground and there is a wet wind;
Qara ter bolıw –
sweat; Qara basqır –
to curse; Qara
júrek
–
evil-
minded man; Qaraqanı bolıw –
to be cursed;
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
86
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
84-88
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Qara jarma
–
crustless cereal; Qara kórim
–
the distance
is about a kilometer; Qara kókshil
–
a mixture of black
and blue, colour; Qaramańlay –
sad; Qara tigiliw
–
to be
unhappy; Qara tiyin
–
monetary unit; Qa
ra malaylıq –
blacksmith, worker; Qara túnek
–
a) dark night, b)
difficulty, hard days; qara topıraq –
black soil; Qara úy
–
cottage; Qara xızmet –
manual labour; Qarasın kóriw –
to see in the distance; Qarası shógiw –
to be blind,
disappear; Qarası batıw –
a) not to come, b)
bewildered, to be disappointed; Qarası semiw –
to go
away, disappear; Qara sóz
–
conversation without
lyrics; Qara aspandı qapıltıw –
to make it difficult, to
finish; Qara suwıq –
drought freezing; Qara shımıldıq –
cloudy sky; Qara qa
ǵ
az
–
to go to war, wartime
newsletter, letter; Qara qay
ǵ
ı
–
grief; Qara shirik
–
decay of the grass; Qaraquptan
–
bedtime; Qara jam
ǵ
ı
r
–
heavy rain; Qara jer
–
a) soil, b) to crush; Qara zil
–
a)
heavy thing; b) wretched. As can be seen from the
examples, the semantic structure and stylistic features
of this color-denoting word are clearly visible in the
process of combining with the noun lexeme. Their
stylistic possibilities, the ability to express occasional
meanings, are realized in the speech process or in the
text. Speaking about the occasional semantics of the
lexeme "black" in the Uzbek language, Z.N. Pardayev
identifies eleven different semantics and cites
examples from works of art. These are 1. Mourning; 2.
Grief; 3. Day; 4. Sham; 5. Status, degree; 6. Light-
darkness; 7. Bidatli, zararli, yomon; 8. Uncertainty,
assumption; 9. Ayb, aybdor, gunohkor; 10. Tired,
exhausted; 11. Lies, lies. By searching for examples
from works of art in the Karakalpak language, it was
found that the lexeme "qara" has even more semantic
meaning. The semantic structure of the lexeme "qara"
in the Karakalpak language:
1.
Tús, boyaw
2.
Qarań
ǵ
ı
, qal
ıń
3.
Qarapayımlıq
4.
Ádil, hadal
5.
Qarayıp kórinetu
ǵ
ı
n zat
6.
Kólem, mólsher, san, shama
7.
Jobası, túri
8.
Jamanlıq
9.
Qay
ǵ
ı
,
uwayım
10.
Sulıwlıq
11.
Qorqınısh
12.
Jal
ǵ
ı
zl
ı
q
13.
Shıdamlılıq, tózimlilik
14.
Túnek
15.
Ílas
16.
Baxıtsızlıq
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
87
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
84-88
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
17.
Qullıq
18.
Tabıt
19.
Kópshilik, topar
20.
Zulımlıq
21.
Belgisizlik
22.
Qásietlilik, kieli
23.
Dáslepki
24.
Berekeli
25.
Jawızlıq
26.
Qaza, ólim
27.
Qara nietlilik
28.
Muń, hásiret
29.
Kúsh
30.
Tún, qarań
ǵ
ı
l
ı
q
31.
Zulımlıq.
The frequency of use of color-denoting lexemes, the
possibilities of word sequencing in the text are
different. As a result of the research, the main lexemes
expressing color have their own semantic structure
(area).
The first colour denotes black and its additional
colours: black, burgundy, amber, burgundy, blackish,
blackish, blackish; the second colour denotes white
and its additional colours: white, whitish, light white,
whiteish, whitish; the third colour denotes red and its
additional colours: red, redish, redish, redish, redish,
redish; the fourth colour denotes red and its additional
colours: redish, redish, yellowish, yellowish, brownish,
yellowish-brownish,
Text materials in the Karakalpak and Uzbek languages
clearly show that colors have a broad semantics in the
aspect of linguoculturology.
To lower the black sky to the black earth is to knock it
down, to say that what is possible is impossible. Your
days are ruined, your days are ruined!" said Arsentiy,
turning the black sky to the black earth.
To think about the black head is to think about oneself,
to say it to one's advantage. He wrote only to please
you, thinking about his black head (A.Karlibaev).
To be black is to be evil. Sometimes your tongue will be
black on your forehead (A.Otepbergenov).
Don't move - don't worry. - What does this immovable
black say? (A.Atajanov).
To drown in black mud is to blame."You don't feel
ashamed to drown in black mud, seeing everyone as
you are? (A.Atajanov).
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
88
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
84-88
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The earthquake is fatigue. The div of the old man,
flying like a bird, again feels like a black cloud (M.
Nizanov).
Color-denoting expressions are productively used in
the poet's works. When using adverbs, the poet pays
attention to the words, especially their synonyms.
Example:
Qáreliler qara kózin,
Súzgende ol qızıl anar,
Íshqı otında kúyip janar,
Qırmızı ton kiyip anar gúlledi (I.YUsupov).
In some of these examples, the author uses the word
"qizil" to denote the color associated with the mother,
while in the second example, he uses the word
"qirmizi," which is a synonym.
REFERENCES
1.
Grammar of the modern Karakalpak literary
language. Nukus: "Bilim," 1994. -
С. 140.
2.
Schramm A.N. Essays on the Semantics of
Qualitative Adjectives. -
Л. Изд
-
во ЛГУ. 1979.
- 136
p.; Mednikova E.M. Evaluative adjectives in modern
English.
Автореф.дис...канд.филол
наук.
-
М.,1964.
-
21с.;
3.
Sankibaeva R. Meanings and usage of the words
"oq" and "qara" in the Karakalpak language. Nukus
"Karakalpakstan," 2020. pp. 7-9.
4.
Pardayev Z.N. Properties of adjectives in the Uzbek
language. Candidate's dissertation abstract.
Samarkand, 2004.
5.
Translation of the Karakalpak language. Nukus:
Karakalpakstan, 1988. С. 123
-125.
