Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
47
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
47-55
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article explores the functions of phraseological units (PUs) in Uzbek business discourse, shedding light on their
role in cultural and linguistic contexts. Phraseological units, which include idioms, collocations, and proverbs, are
essential in conveying nuanced meanings, expressing cultural values, and enhancing communication efficacy in
business interactions. The research employs a combination of continuous sampling, systematization, component
analysis, and discourse analysis methods, supported by a review of both domestic and international literature on
phraseology and business communication. Findings reveal that in Uzbek business discourse, PUs serve multiple
functions: they reflect cultural values, such as respect and community orientation; facilitate indirect and polite
communication; and employ metaphors drawn from traditional contexts like agriculture. Specific examples include
idioms and proverbs that emphasize hard work, strategic thinking, and resilience. The study concludes that PUs are
integral to effective business communication in Uzbekistan, enhancing rapport, persuasion, and understanding. The
ongoing integration of traditional phraseology with modern business practices continues to evolve, underscoring the
dynamic nature of Uzbek business discourse.
KEYWORDS
Phraseological Units, Uzbek Business Discourse, Cultural Values, Metaphorical Language, Communication Efficiency,
Business Communication.
INTRODUCTION
Research Article
FUNCTIONS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN UZBEK BUSINESS
DISCOURSE
Submission Date:
Sep 14, 2024,
Accepted Date:
Sep 19, 2024,
Published Date:
Sep 24, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue09-07
Mukaddas Kodirova
Lecturer of Department of Philology, Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
48
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
09
P
AGES
:
47-55
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The study of phraseological units within the context of
Uzbek business discourse provides insights into the
cultural and linguistic nuances that shape business
communication in Uzbekistan. Phraseological units,
including idioms, collocations, and proverbs, play a
critical role in conveying meaning, expressing cultural
values, and facilitating understanding in business
interactions.
Phraseology (from Greek φράσις phrasis, “way of
speaking” and
-
λογία
-
logia, “study of”) [3: 78], a
significant aspect of linguistic studies, pertains to the
study of set expressions, fixed phrases, idioms, and
other multi-word lexical units that exhibit a degree of
conventionalization. The scope of phraseology
extends beyond simple lexical items to include
complex syntactic and semantic phenomena. When
examining different functional styles
—
such as
scientific, journalistic, literary, and colloquial
—
the
interpretation and application of phraseological units
vary, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of each
style.
The scope of phraseology can be defined by: 1) Breadth
of Units: encompassing idioms, collocations, sayings,
proverbs, and other set expressions; 2) Functional
diversity: How these units operate in different contexts
and styles; 3) Linguistic and Cognitive Dimensions:
Exploring how phraseology intersects with cognition
and cultural expressions.
Traditionally, there are broad and narrow approaches
to determining the scope of phraseology. The above
approaches are based on the well-known classification
according to the degree of semantic unity and
motivation of the meaning of phraseological units,
developed by V.V. Vinogradov and expanded by N.M.
Shansky.
In the narrowest understanding, only idioms are
included in phraseology, since they directly possess the
entire set of categorical (distinctive) features of a
phraseological unit (lexical meaning, component
composition, the presence of grammatical categories)
[10: 71].
With a broad approach, on the contrary, these units are
included in the object of study of phraseology on the
basis of the possession of such features as stability and
reproducibility, which are integrative for both idioms
and phraseological expressions and combinations.
Phraseological units (PUs) encompass a variety of fixed
expressions, including idioms, collocations, phrasal
verbs, and proverbs. In business discourse, these units
are invaluable for their ability to convey nuanced
meanings,
establish
rapport,
and
enhance
communication efficiency. They are integral to the
language of business, helping professionals’ articulate
ideas succinctly and effectively. However, linguistic
features of Uzbek business discourse have not been
sufficiently studied in linguistics.
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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VOLUME
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47-55
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
This article aims to study the functions of
phraseological units (PUs) in the Uzbek language from
the business point of view together with the consistent
research of phraseological units. Effective use of
phraseological units in business discourse increases
cultural sensitivity of business professionals and
contributes to effective conversation.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Phraseology
encompasses
various expressions,
including idioms, collocations, phrasal verbs, and other
fixed or semi-fixed expressions. It is a discipline that
bridges the gap between lexical semantics and syntax,
and it plays a crucial role in understanding language in
use. According to Alison Wray, phraseology is deeply
rooted in cultural context, making its study in a cross-
linguistic framework complex yet essential for a
comprehensive understanding [7: 80]. Scholars such as
I. Mel’čuk (1995) [4] and Cowie (1998) [1] emphasize
that phraseological units are integral to the fluency and
idiomaticity of a language.
N.M. Shansky argues that a phraseological unit is a
completely rethought word combination, and phrases
with non-reinterpreted words are only a component
[11: 72]. A.V. Kunin shares the point of view of N.M.
Shansky and considers a phraseological unit as “a
stable phrase combination of lexemes with a
completely or partially rethought meaning” [9: 28].
Business speech also attracts the attention of linguists
with an interest in business rhetoric, ethics and
strategy for business negotiations, presentations, etc.
Among the studies in this area, we note the following
works: T.V. Anisimova (genres of business speech), T.V.
Andryukhina (presidential discourse), E.V. Bobyreva
(phatic strategy), P. Voloshin (business contacts), M.V.
Koltunova (rhetoric, ethics), N.G. Semyonova
(business communication strategy), B.S. Slepovich
(business communication), I.N. Tupitsyna (oral
business dialogue), Yu.Yu. Filonova (business
negotiations), L.M. Khobrakova (business plan).
Depending on the business issues that are the topic of
the text, according to Z.I. Guryeva, the topics of
business texts are as follows: 1) management
problems; 2) personnel issues; 3) financial issues; 4)
production issues; 5) commercial problems; 6)
marketing problems; 7) logistics problems; 8) general
economic problems; 9) political and legal problems; 10)
issues related to the influence of non-governmental
pressure groups; 11) technological issues; 12) problems
of influence of factors of the international
environment;
13)
demographic
problems;
14)
sociocultural problems [8: 36]. Based on this thematic
classification, all genres of speech in business were
divided by the author according to the method of
communication and based on the simplicity -
complexity of their composition.
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Publisher:
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Servi
Business discourse plays a big role in the
communication process.
According to T.A. Shiryaevа,
business discourse is an extremely broad concept that
covers both the language system (that part that is
specifically focused on this category of messages) and
speech activity [13: 19]. E.I. Sheigal adds that in
business discourse, as in any other discursive
component,
a
certain
sublanguage
(specific
vocabulary, phraseology) is used [12: 60].
Phraseologisms used in business communication have
not until now been the subject of special research as
linguistic means of expressing a national and status-
oriented expression plan.
METHODOLOGY
The theoretical basis of the study is the work of
domestic and foreign scientists in the field of
functional pragmatics of English discourse, lexicology,
phraseology, stylistics, rhetoric (N.N. Amosova, A.G.
Anisimova, I.V. Arnold, N.D. Arutyunova, S.Bally,
M.Black, V.V. Vinogradov, V.G. Gak, I.R. Galperina, J.P.
Gee, R.W. Gibbs, V.Z. Demyankov, T. van Dyck,
M.Johnson, V.Koller, A.B. Kupin, J.Lakoff, M.L.
Makarova, E.H. Malyuga, T.E. Nazarova, E.V.
Ponomarenko, T.S. Samokhina, A.I. Smirnitsky, G.
Steen, D. Sperber, V.N. Telia, D. Wilson, A.A.
Kharkovskaya, M.A.K. Halliday, J.R. Hobbs, W. Chafe),
sociologists, journalists, culturologists who have
studied the peculiarities of the national mentality of
residents English-speaking countries.
The object of the study is phraseological means of
English business discourse. The subject is the
functional properties of phraseological units in the
process of forming the pragmatics of the named type
of discourse. The set objectives determined the choice
of
research
methods:
continuous
sampling,
systematization, interpretation, component analysis,
methods of discourse analysis, including techniques of
corpus linguistics, pragmatic analysis, semantic
analysis of conceptual metaphors and semantic areas
forming phraseological units of metaphors.
RESULTS
Phraseological units are fixed expressions that convey
meanings not directly deducible from the individual
words. They are integral to understanding the
subtleties of language and are often embedded with
cultural significance. In the context of business, these
units can influence negotiations, decision-making, and
interpersonal relations.
In the Uzbek language, phraseological units are deeply
rooted in the cultural and historical context. They often
draw on metaphors, proverbs, and idioms that reflect
the values and norms of Uzbek society. For example,
expressions related to trade, agriculture, and social
hierarchy are common, reflecting the historical
influences on the Uzbek business environment.
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VOLUME
04
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Uzbek business discourse is characterized by a blend of
traditional and modern influences. The use of
phraseological units reflects the values and social
norms of Uzbek society, such as respect, community
orientation,
and
indirect
communication.
Characteristics of Uzbek business speech include:
1) Cultural Reflection
: Many phraseological units in
Uzbek business settings stem from proverbs and
traditional sayings. These expressions often highlight
the importance of wisdom, patience, and strategic
thinking
—
values deeply rooted in Uzbek culture.
2) Politeness and Indirectness
: Uzbek business
communication tends to be indirect and polite, often
using phraseological units to soften requests or
criticisms. This approach helps maintain harmony and
respect in professional relationships.
3) Metaphorical Language
: The use of metaphors is
prevalent, allowing speakers to discuss complex
business situations in relatable terms. Metaphors
drawn from agriculture, nature, and daily life are
common, reflecting the agrarian history of Uzbekistan.
Examples of Phraseological Units:
Idioms: “Qo‘l berib, qo‘l olish” (literally, “to give a hand
and take a hand”) is used to signify mutual agreement
or cooperation, reflecting the importance of
reciprocity in business relationships;
Tog‘ni ko‘chirish (Moving mountains) –
used to
describe achieving difficult tasks or overcoming
significant challenges in business projects;
Qoniqish o‘limga olib boradi (Satisfaction leads to
death)
–
Emphasizes the need for continuous
improvement and innovation in business;
Toshni suvga tashlab, toshni kutmoq (Throwing a
stone in water and waiting for it to float)
–
Illustrates
the futility of waiting for impossible outcomes, urging
realistic planning and decision-making.
Proverbs:
“Savdo qil, yurtni ko‘r” (literally, “Do
business, see the country”) suggests that engaging in
business can lead to broader experiences and learning,
highlighting the value of trade as a means of gaining
knowledge.
Phraseological units in Uzbek business discourse serve
as powerful tools for:
−
Building Rapport: Using culturally
resonant expressions helps build trust and rapport
between business partners.
−
Enhancing
Persuasiveness:
Well-
chosen phraseological units can make arguments more
persuasive and memorable.
−
Facilitating
Understanding:
They
provide clarity and context, making complex ideas
more accessible to diverse audiences.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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47-55
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The analysis of phraseological units in Uzbek business
discourse reveals their essential role in effective
communication. By understanding these expressions,
business professionals can navigate the cultural
landscape more adeptly, fostering successful and
meaningful engagements. As Uzbekistan continues to
integrate into the global economy, the interplay
between traditional phraseology and modern business
practices will continue to evolve, enriching the
linguistic tapestry of Uzbek business discourse.
In Uzbek business discourse, phraseological units
often reflect cultural values and business practices.
Here are some examples along with a linguo-
culturological analysis:
Pul topish uchun ter to‘kish (To sweat for money) –
This phrase emphasizes the value of hard work and
effort in earning money. It reflects the cultural belief
that success is achieved through diligence and
perseverance.
Qo‘lni qovushtirib o‘tirish (To sit with folded hands) –
Used to describe inaction or idleness in business, this
phrase highlights the cultural disdain for passivity and
the importance of being proactive in business dealings.
Yog‘ni ko‘tarib olish (To take the cream) –
This phrase
refers to taking the best part of a deal or opportunity.
It reflects a competitive spirit and the cultural
importance placed on securing advantageous
positions in business.
Bozorni boshqarish (To control the market)
–
This
reflects strategic thinking and leadership in business,
indicating a cultural value placed on influence and
authority in economic activities.
Suvdan quruq chiqmoq (To come out dry from the
water)
–
This means to emerge unscathed from a
difficult situation. It reflects the cultural admiration for
cleverness and resilience in overcoming challenges.
Linguo-Culturological Analysis:
Cultural Values: These phrases often emphasize hard
work, strategic thinking, and resilience, which are
valued traits in Uzbek culture.
Business Practices: Reflects common business
practices such as competition, market control, and risk
management.
Metaphorical Language: The use of vivid metaphors is
common, drawing on everyday experiences to convey
complex business concepts.
Social Attitudes: Shows the importance of proactivity
and adaptability in the business environment.
DISCUSSION
As a result of the analysis, the following functions of
phraseological units in business speech were
determined:
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1) Conveying Complex Ideas Concisely. Business
communication often requires the conveyance of
complex concepts in a straightforward manner.
Phraseological units can encapsulate intricate ideas
succinctly, making communication more efficient.
2) Enhancing Persuasiveness. The use of culturally
resonant expressions can enhance the persuasive
appeal of a message, as they tap into shared cultural
knowledge and values. This is particularly useful in
negotiations and marketing, where establishing
rapport and trust is crucial.
3) Reflecting Cultural Values. Phraseological units
often emdiv cultural values, such as collectivism,
respect for hierarchy, and the importance of
relationships. In Uzbek business discourse, these units
can signal adherence to these values, thus reinforcing
social norms and expectations.
Structurally, phraseological units in Uzbek can vary
widely, ranging from simple collocations to more
complex idiomatic phrases. They can be categorized
into several types based on their syntactic and
semantic properties:
Collocations
–
Common word pairings that occur
together frequently, such as “savdo kelishuvi” (trade
agreement), which are often used in formal business
contexts;
Idiomatic Expressions
–
These are more metaphorical
and often context-
dependent, such as “Ko‘prik qurish”
(to build a bridge), which metaphorically refers to
establishing connections or partnerships.
Proverbs and Sayings: These units often carry moral or
practical lessons, like “Ishda keling, so‘zda emas”
(literally, “Let the work speak, not the words”),
emphasizing action over rhetoric.
While phraseological units can enrich communication,
they also present challenges, particularly in cross-
cultural contexts where such expressions may not be
easily understood by non-native speakers. In
international
business
settings,
the
use
of
phraseological units must be carefully considered to
avoid miscommunication.
CONCLUSION
The investigation into the functions of phraseological
units in Uzbek business discourse highlights their
pivotal role in shaping communication practices within
the Uzbek business environment. Phraseological units,
encompassing idioms, collocations, proverbs and
other fixed expressions, are integral to effective
business communication in Uzbekistan. They not only
convey complex ideas concisely but also enhance
persuasiveness and reflect cultural values inherent in
Uzbek society.
Volume 04 Issue 09-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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47-55
OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Through the analysis, it becomes evident that
phraseological units serve several crucial functions in
business interactions:
1. Cultural Reflection: These expressions emdiv the
cultural norms and values of Uzbek society, such as
respect,
community
orientation,
and
indirect
communication. They provide a window into the
cultural and historical influences that shape business
practices in Uzbekistan.
2. Enhanced Communication: By encapsulating
intricate concepts in succinct phrases, phraseological
units
facilitate
clearer
and
more
efficient
communication. They enable business professionals to
articulate ideas more effectively and foster mutual
understanding.
3. Persuasiveness and Rapport Building: The use of
culturally resonant expressions can strengthen the
persuasiveness of messages and build trust between
business partners. This is particularly valuable in
negotiations and other interactions requiring rapport
and credibility.
4.
Navigating
Complex
Business
Contexts:
Phraseological units help in discussing and managing
complex business situations, reflecting the strategic
and competitive aspects of the Uzbek business
landscape.
The article underscores the need for business
professionals to be aware of these linguistic tools to
navigate the cultural and communicative intricacies of
Uzbek business discourse. As Uzbekistan continues to
engage more with the global economy, the interplay
between traditional phraseology and contemporary
business practices will likely evolve, influencing the
dynamics of business communication.
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