American Journal Of Philological Sciences
376
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
376-378
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue04-92
The Source Of " Amaliyoti Islom " And Analysis of
Arabic Religious Terms Used in It
Rayimjonov Sayidolim Madaminjon ugli
Lecturer of the Department of "Oriental Languages" of Oriental University, Uzbekistan
Received:
28 February 2025;
Accepted:
29 March 2025;
Published:
30 April 2025
Abstract:
In this article, the importance of studying the life and works of Mahmudhoja Behbudi, as well as the
concise textbooks he compiled for the new method schools, especially the "Amaliyoti islam” (Practical Islam) and
“Tarixi islam” (History of Islam) textbooks, were discuss
ed in detail. The lithographic copy of this work kept at the
Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni was studied from the point of view of source studies.
Also, the Arabic religious terms used in the work "Practice of Islam" were divided into thematic groups and
analyzed. The thematic sequence provided by the author was used as the basis for dividing into thematic groups.
As an example, the terms taken are given based on the translation from the lithographic copy of the textbook and
the pages are shown.
Keywords:
Behbudi, 150th anniversary, textbooks, arabisms, thematic group, lithography, appropriation.
Introduction:
During the years of independence in our
country, along with many other thinkers, the activities
of Mahmudkhoja Behbudi began to be extensively
studied. He was a leading figure who directly influenced
the socio-political environment of his time, a
proponent of the new method school, the first
playwright who initiated Uzbek drama, as well as a
journalist, publisher, and editor. The period of the
1920s-1940s holds a special place in the formation and
development of the Uzbek national language. This is
because during that time, various views and
movements emerged regarding the question of what
foundations the Uzbek national language, and the new
Uzbek literary language that forms its basis, should
develop upon. For this reason, the head of our country,
Sh. Mirziyoyev, specifically addressed this issue in his
Address to the Oliy Majlis on January 24, 2020, stating:
"We must deeply study the Jadid movement and the
legacy of our enlightened forefathers. The more we
delve into this spiritual treasure, the more we will find
accurate answers to many questions that still concern
us today. The more actively we promote this invaluable
wealth, the better our people, especially our youth, will
appreciate the value of today's peaceful and free life."
.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan issued
Decree No. PP-462 on December 27, 2024, "On the
wide celebration of the 150th anniversary of the birth
of Mahmudkhoja Behbudi, the founder of the
Turkestan Jadid movement, prominent writer and
public figure, publisher and educator."
In light of this, this article embarks on studying
"Amaliyoti Islam," one of the lesser-explored textbooks
by our great ancestor Mahmudkhoja Behbudi. Behbudi
left a profound mark on our people's history with his
numerous ideas promoting enlightenment and
education, and his works continue to remain relevant
in our time as well.
METHODS
In this article, M. Behbudiy's work and the religious
terms within it were analyzed using research methods
such as source analysis, system-structural approach,
and comparative analysis.
The lithographic copy of the textbook "Amaliyoti
Islam," which is the subject of this article, is preserved
at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts named after
Abu Rayhan Beruni under inventory number 13866. It
has not been transliterated into the Uzbek alphabet
based on Latin or Cyrillic scripts. The book consists of
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
377
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
36 pages. At the end of the work, the following
information is provided: "Turkic language. In scholarly
handwriting. Question and answer format, 36 pages
long.".
RESULTS
This textbook by Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy is written in a
concise and understandable style, based on the
conditions and requirements of the time in which he
lived. The aim was to quickly make students literate
with the most essential knowledge. At the end of the
textbook, the author also provides the following table
of contents:
Contents: faith, Islam, religion and Sharia, school of
thought and nation, ablution, prayer, fasting, zakat. It
provides a detailed explanation of Hajj and its
obligatory, necessary, recommended, disliked, and
permissible aspects, and teaches the recitations of
prayer [2:36].”
In Mahmudhoja Behbudiy's "Amaliyoti islom," the
Arabic religious terms used can be classified into the
following thematic groups: 1. Terms denoting doctrinal
concepts; 2. Fiqh terms related to prayer; 3. Fiqh terms
related to Zakat; 4. Fiqh terms related to Hajj and
Umrah pilgrimage; 5. Fiqh terms related to fasting; 6.
Terms related to other Sharia laws and regulations.
1. Terms denoting doctrinal concepts include: faith,
Islam, deed, Judgment Day, punishment, religion,
paradise, hell, afterlife, world, Sharia, judge, Islam,
supplication, believer, sinner, disbeliever, messenger,
prophet, and others. Based on examples from the
following work, we will provide descriptions of the
meanings of some Arabic words. For instance:
2. Question: What is the remedy for those who commit
forbidden acts?
Answer: If God Almighty does not forgive, they deserve
the torment of Hell
The word "Jahannam" given in this example is a
religious term used to refer to a place prepared for
sinful servants in the afterlife. It is used as a synonym
for Hell and an antonym for Paradise. In a figurative
sense, it is applied to "unbearable conditions, suffering,
or harsh environment."
"Din" (Arabic:
نيد
- dominion, judgment, reckoning,
punishment,
measure,
submission,
obedience,
worship, abstinence, way of life, habit, belief, etc.) ".
2. Fiqh terms related to prayer: solat, imam, muazzin,
khatib, masjid, rukn, qiyom, ruku, takbiri tahrima,
sajda, qa'da, tashahhud, sahv, vudu', amin and others.
For example:
1. It is necessary to send students to Petersburg and
Moscow universities to study doctoral studies, law,
engineering, judicial science, art, economics, wisdom,
teaching, and other sciences.
1. A person who follows the imam stands in silence, not
reciting anything other than "subhanakallohumma..."
for qiyyam.
The word imam given in this example is an Arabic word,
which in this language means "chief, leader, leader, one
who leads people in prayer, as well as the caliph,
commander of the army." However, in the Uzbek
language, this word entered as a religious term and
means a person who performs congregational prayer in
front of worshippers. Mahmudhoja Behbudi also used
this term in this sense. Similarly, to show a person's
status, he used it as an attribute. For example: Imam
A'zam Abu Hanifa.
DISCUSSION
The word khatib, which the author adds to his name,
means "speaker, preacher, preacher" in Arabic. In the
explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, it is
defined as follows: "KHATIB [
بيطخ
- speaker, preacher,
preacher; engaged, groom) religion. A teacher or imam
who delivers sermons and preaches during Friday and
Eid prayers in the mosque; preacher. A black-browed
preacher was leaning onto the pulpit and preaching. M.
Osim, On the Caravan Roads. This word also means a
purely religious concept in the Uzbek language.
The word "amin" used in the textbook in the phrase
"after Surah Al-Fatiha, do not say "
نيمآ
Amin" means:
"Amin (Arabic.
ْ نيِمآ
, Sami) - a word used among
believers in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity in the sense
of "may it be accepted," "may it be accepted."
3. Fiqh terms related to zakat: zakat, nisab, sana, faqir,
mol.
For example:
1. Giving Zakat means allocating one-fortieth of the
wealth of wealthy people for religious and national
affairs to the poor and for the sake of God, that is, for
religious and national affairs.
4. Fiqh terms related to fasting: sovm, ramazon, oqil,
boliğ, niyat, g'urub. iftar, musofir, safar.
5. Fiqh terms related to Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage:
Ka'batullah, tawaf, Eid, Arafat, "labbayka," ihram,
Makkah Umrah.:
The words such as knowledge, morality, ignorance in
the above examples are taken from Arabic and are
currently used in our country as terms related to the
field of education.
6. Terms related to other Sharia laws: mustahab,
sunnah, wajib, fard (sufficient, exact), makruh, haram,
batil, mukallaf, shariat, millat, etc.
In this example, an Uzbek derivative is formed by
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
378
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
adding the Uzbek verb qilmoq to the Arabic word tavof.
In addition, in all compound verbs such as savob
bo'lmoq, fotiha qilmoq, tanavvul aylar, farz qilmoq,
ziyoda qilmoq, nasihat qilmoq, amr bermoq, izzat
qilmoq, the first part of the noun is Arabic, and
compound verbs are formed by adding a verb to it.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the arduous work of Mahmudhoja
Behbudi, who actively participated in the socio-political
processes of Uzbek literature and art of the 20th
century, and who fought for the enlightenment and
freedom of the nation, has taken an eternal place in
history and served as an example for future
generations. Currently, his legacy is being presented to
the general public.
The writer used many Arabic borrowings, which were
actively used in his time. The widespread use of
Arabicisms in the Uzbek language is directly related to
the commonality of religion and the development of
science and culture at that time. In general, such words
were borrowed into the Uzbek language in the
following form: 1. 2. In the form of compound words by
adding an Uzbek word to an Arabic word. 3. By adding
a derivational suffix to an Arabic word. 4. Introduction
with some phonetic changes.
REFERENCES
Encyclopedia of Islam. - Tashkent: National
Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2004. - 357 p.
Mahmudhoja Behbudi. Practice of Islam (lithographic
inv. 13866). - Samarkand, 1908. - p. 36.
People's Word, Issue 19, 25.01.2020 - P. 4.
Bogin G.I. Modern Linguodidactics. Kalinin: Kalinin
State University, 1980. - 61 p.
Karimov N. Mahmudhoja Behbudiy. Selected Works. J.I.
-
Тошкент: ЎзМУ, 2021.
- 512 p.
Abdunabiev, S. B., & Nurullaev, M. (2024). IBN
BATTUTA
–
FAMOUS ARABIC TRAVELER. THE ROLE OF
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE MODERN WORLD,
3(4), 79-83.
Boborajabov, M. . (2023). THE STUDY OF
PHRASEOLOGISMS IN THE LINGUISTIC ASPECT OF
WORLD LINGUISTICS. Oriental Journal of Philology,
3(06), 19
–
24.
https://doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojp-03-
Hasanov, I. . (2024). AUXILIARY VERBS IN ARABIC AND
THEIR SYNTACTICAL ANALYSIS. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE,
RESEARCH AND TEACHING, 3(4), 95
–
101. Retrieved
from
https://jsrt.innovascience.uz/index.php/jsrt/article/vie
w/495
. Isamutdinov Azizbek, . (2024). GRAMMATICAL
FEATURES OF MAF’UL FIYH IN ARABIC LANGUAGE.
European International Journal of Philological Sciences,
4(05),
21
–
25.
Retrieved
from
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/eijps/article/view/3409
8
10
.
Rayimjonov,
S.
(2025).
MAHMUDXOʻJA
BEHBUDIYNING
“AMALIYOTI
ISLOM”
ASARIDA
QOʻLLANGAN ARABCHA DINIY TERMINLAR TAHLILI //
Xorijiy tillar tad
qiqi va ta’limi muammolari. 146
-149.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14875568
11.
Shahnoza Tulagonova, ., & Govhar Rahmatova, .
(2022). SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF STEREOTYPICAL
UNITS IN THE POEMS OF “DIVAN
I LUGATI-T-
TURK”.
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL
SCIENCES,
3(04),
74
–
78.
https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-04-13
12.
Tadjiyeva , U. . (2024). ARABIC AND UZBEK
PROVERBS FORMED BASED ON ISLAMIC SOURCES.
Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies,
2(01), 100
–
105.
https://doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-02-
Ubaydullaev , A. . (2024). ARABISM OF ALISHER
NAVOI’S
WORK
“NASAIMU
-
L
MUHABBAT”.
Академические исследования в современной
науке,
3(17),
36–39.
извлечено
от
https://www.econferences.ru/index.php/arims/article
/view/15722
Икромжонов , А. . (2023). ФАХРУДДИН ЎЗЖАНДИЙ
ВА УНИНГ ИСЛОМ ҲУҚУҚИДА ТУТГАН ЎРНИ.
Евразийский журнал академических исследований,
3(9),
173
–178.
извлечено
от
https://in
-
academy.uz/index.php/ejar/article/view/20825
Сотволдиев, С. (2023). Важность развития навыка
использования инфографики в уроках
арабского
языка для улучшения коммуникативных навыков
студентов. Арабский язык в эпоху глобализации:
инновационные подходы и методы обучения, 1(1),
69
–
72.
https://doi.org/10.47689/ATGD:IYOM-vol1-
iss1-pp69-72-id28397
Якубова, Ф. (2015). Махмуд Замахшари и
Ахмад
Майдани. Восточный факел, 1(1), 25–29. извлечено
от
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/eastern
-
torch/article/view/9621
