American Journal Of Philological Sciences
16
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
PAGE NO.
16-20
10.37547/ajps/Volume05Issue05-06
Linguopragmatic Analysis of The Communicative Goal
in The Communication of Uzbek Women
Abdurasulova Dilnoza
Tashkent state Uzbek language and literature university named after Alisher Navoi, Uzbekistan
Received:
08 March 2025;
Accepted:
04 April 2025;
Published:
07 May 2025
Abstract:
This article analyzes the main aspects of one of the new directions of pragmalinguistics - communicative
linguistics. The scientific and theoretical significance of studying the problem of communicative intention,
strategy, and tactics was analyzed based on the speech of Uzbek women.
Keywords:
Pragmalinguistics, communicative intention, speech act, speech expressiveness.
Introduction:
Today, the pragmalinguistic direction of
linguistics pays special attention to the study of
communication between subjects in the speech
process,
its
strategic
and
tactical
aspects,
communicative intention, and evaluation criteria. In
particular, the study of gender characteristics of speech
is becoming one of the important issues of modern
linguistics. The study of women's speech is one of the
most widespread areas of research in linguistics, which
is studied within the framework of various scientific
directions of linguistics, such as sociolinguistics,
pragmatics, and psycholinguistics. Analysis of the
features of women's speech is important not only from
a linguistic point of view, but also taking into account
social and cultural factors.
Speech activity is distinguished by its purposefulness
and is carried out in specific conditions and situations.
A relevant area of modern linguistics is communicative
linguistics, whose interests include the study of dialogic
discourse, speech acts, and communicative situations.
In their study, the concept of "intention" is used as one
of the central concepts. Existing definitions of intention
emphasize its various aspects, including the subjectivity
of meaning, the potential nature of the content of the
statement, and the targeting of the speech act.
METHOD
One of the first major researchers in this field was the
English linguist J. Austin [1], who introduced the
concept of the act of speech to science. According to
this theory, the speaker's goals, that is, communicative
intentions, form the main component of speech.
Linguist Grace’s “Theory of Communicative Goals”[2] is
important for understanding communicative intention.
It considers special communicative rules and
information to determine the goals of the participants
in the conversation, which means the development of
goals expressed through language.
Intention is considered as an important component of
the model of a speech act within the framework of the
theory of speech acts. According to this theory, the unit
of communication consists of performing a certain
action, which includes various tasks, such as
confirmation, request, question, and command.
In modern linguistics, intention is considered in
connection with the communicative structure of the
sentence, primarily its illocutionary (influencing)
power, and is defined as the goal of the speech act,
taking into account the content of the sentence
(N.D.Lrutyunova,
O.S.Akhmanova,
A.I.Volokitina,
N.I.Formanovskaya,
Ya.Khofmanova,
P.G.Chebotareva). In the literature, many types of
intentions are described: gratitude, prohibition,
promise, approval, disapproval, praise, command,
request, advice, threat, reproach, etc.
In pragmalinguistics, intention is understood as the
speaker’s purpose, intention, desire, or desire in
speech. This component manifests itself through the
illocutionary power of communication. In women's
speech, the expression of intention usually occurs in
gentle, emotional, and indirect (indirect) forms.
The pragmalinguistic study of women’s speech involves
the analysis of their speech activity, the use of
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
–
2771-2273)
semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic strategies in the
process of communication. The pragmatic approach
studies the use of language based on context, social
situations, goals, and objectives. Women’s speech is
formed depending on many factors, including gender,
culture, social status, and personal experience.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the oral speech of Uzbek women, intention can be
expressed through the following means:
1. Modal units: words like kerak, mumkin, lozim, bo'lsa
yaxshi bo'lar edi, yana bilmadim go' express the
speaker's intention with caution.
2. Subordinate sentence structures. Desire-expressing
intentions through conditional subordinate clauses:
"If you had prepared lunch before you left for school, I
would have served it to the men myself." Here, the
woman is not making a direct demand, but is making a
suggestion in a gentle tone. It is obvious that the
speaker not only demands that his daughter-in-law do
the work, but also expects it. “Men” meant family
members (spouse, son) belonging to the male sex.
3. Rhetorical questions in which women often use the
question form instead of an explicit command or
criticism: “Do we need to cook more food?”
- this is
actually an expression of dissatisfaction, but in a soft
form. In this question, it is not difficult to understand
that the speaker is tired of cooking, and at the same
time, the sentence clearly resembles the question "Do
I always have to cook?" If this question implies
disappointment, fatigue, or boredom, then the need to
ask for help from others becomes clear.
4. Emotional means:
"Oh my, I'm so tired...", "Oh my , who would have
thought it would be like this?" - such sentences express
intentions related to a woman’s inner state and mood.
5. Irony and indirect address:
"Well, you know better-da!" - is not an explicit remark,
but may have been spoken as a sarcastic criticism.
These situations indicate the tendency of Uzbek
women to express intentions in a moderate manner, in
accordance with their social status, and in accordance
with the values of the Uzbek people. Women often try
to express their opinion with superficial expression,
emotional intention, and caution rather than direct
orders or dissatisfaction. This reflects their pragmatic
strategies in their speech. Example: "If I didn't have
work, I would take the child to kindergarden, but aren't
you free by any chance?” (Mirakhmedova Sa’diya, 22
years old) Here, the woman is not directly saying “You
take the child,” but rather expresses her wish through
a cautious interrogative subordinate clause. This
intensity is marked gently.
In the speech of Uzbek women, intention is usually
expressed in soft, emotional, and indirect forms. These
features are closely related to Uzbek social culture, the
social role of women, and the norms of etiquette in
communication.
1. Indirect intent: “It would be good if you could buy me
a new dress”. Expressed not as a direct request, but as
a soft recommendation expressing a desire. The
woman is gently expressing her intention.
2. Reminder or wish through rhetorical question:
"If I don't say it, you don't remember any of you, right?"
(Akhmedjanova Gulnoza, 30 years old) If the stress is
placed on the part "If I don't say it," it indicates the
emphasis on something very important. This means
that others need to express their opinions. A phrase like
"you don't remember any of you" requires other
people to provide information or thoughts. The ending
"Is that so?" is not just an affirmative inquiry, but also
encourages the listener to respond and discuss. "You
don't remember any of you" indicates that the speaker
gives others the opportunity to express their opinions,
and this shows that he is open to discussion. The
woman is not making a direct remark, but is waiting to
explain the reason, using a rhetorical question
specifically to attract attention.
3. Emotionally evaluative intention:
"Oh, sister, you have so many orders. It's not for
nothing that you don't invite me to the "refinement" of
my dress..." (Kurbanova Aziza, 33 years old) The phrase
"You have a lot of orders" means acknowledging the
workload of the communication participant, that is,
there are many demands from others, and the phrase
"It's not for nothing that you don't invite me" means
that he was ignored. The woman is expressing her
dissatisfaction and ironic intent through an emotional
tone without expressing direct dissatisfaction.
4. Indirect addressing through a subordinate clause:
"My dear Mushtarikhon, if you could prepare a delicacy
for me to go visit, I would look after your children."
(Mahmudova Mahfuza, 53 years old). This is not a
simple request. The woman is not directly asking
"prepare a delicacies," but expressing her wish through
conditional sentences. This is gentleness and
intermediate intensity.
5. Less subordinate (assertive) form:
"In my opinion, the sheep's head should have been
burned at a lower temperature for a longer time."
(Tursunkhodzhaeva Zarifa, 44 years old). This is not
direct criticism, the woman begins the speech with "I
think," expressing her point of view through a
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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subjective assessment.
6. Counseling without instructions:
"I don't know again, but it's better not to go to a
wedding with a child." (Yulchiyeva Sharofat, 57 years
old) In this case, the speaker's goal is to convey to the
interlocutor that "going to the wedding, that is, to a
crowded and noisy place with a young child, can lead to
difficulties. With the expression "I don't know again," it
is noticeable that the person is trying to maintain
caution
and
control
when
participating
in
communication.
"In our time, we usually used to make swaddling
clothes for babies to sleep peacefully, I don't know, you
young ones know yourselves."
It is expressed indirectly in the form of advice, not as
an "instruction" or "order." This is also an intentional
style characteristic of women.
These examples show that the expression of intention
in the speech of Uzbek women is often in soft, gentle,
and indirect forms. Women often express their
intentions through cautious, emotional, and personal
approaches instead of open orders or demands. This
serves the purposes of preventing conflicts in
communication, maintaining social status, and gently
conveying one's point of view.
These characteristics serve such goals as finding one's
place in communication, maintaining social status,
respectfully approaching the person opposite, but also
expressing one's opinion.
O.S.Issers distinguishes general strategies and tactics of
speech behavior, among which persuasion, praise,
discrediting, self-promotion (Issers, 1999). E. V. Klyuev
describes speech strategy and tactics from the point of
view of communicative intention (Klyuev, 2002).
Speech strategy,
close
to
the
concept of
communicative strategy proposed by O. S. Issers, is
defined as "a set of speech actions aimed at achieving
a communicative goal" (Issers, 2006, p. 54).
Communicative
strategy
determines
the
communicator's behavior and is implemented through
this. In achieving communicative goals, it is important
not only to choose the strategy, but also the correct
tactics. Communicative tactics can be understood as
"one or more actions that contribute to the
implementation of the strategy" (Issers, 2008, p. 110).
In this case, according to the definition of I.V.
Trufanova, tactics should be considered as the process
of implementing speech strategy: "speech action is
considered not in a separate form, but as a way of
implementing speech strategy." (Trufanova, 2001, p.
58).
The difference between strategy and tactics is that the
communicative strategy is connected with the general
goal of the speech act, while the communicative tactics
are connected with the specific intentions of this
speech act. Despite the fact that there are many
different
interpretations
of
the
concept
of
"communicative tactics," they are all based on the
recognition that tactics are an integral part of strategy.
Communicative strategy is a system of speech actions
of the speaker, a general program for the conscious
selection of methods of expression and communication
in the process of communication to achieve a
communicative goal. Communicative tactics are a clear
speech path in the process of forming a speech
strategy.
From a pragmalinguistic point of view, women's speech
is more focused on cooperation and social connections.
Women mainly use speech strategies such as
mitigation, requests, inquiries, caution, and empathy.
All this reflects the communicative goals of women,
that is, how they conduct communication. Women
strive to maintain more empathy, gentleness, and
caution towards others. For example,
"Don't cry, woman," Mohlar-oyim said, "curse
nothingness - nothingness." If his brother-in-law is
poor, he is not to blame, everything is predestined.
(Abdulla Qodiriy, Scorpion from the Mihrab, p. 44).
In the process of communication, Uzbek women often
use such communicative strategies as avoiding conflict,
self-defense, softening, indirect appeal, emotional
influence, encouragement of understanding, and
guidance with advice. These characteristics serve such
goals as finding one's place in communication,
maintaining social status, respectfully approaching the
person opposite, but also expressing one's opinion.
In pragmalinguistic research, gender roles are
considered as one of the important factors in the
formation of women's speech. The social roles and
gender stereotypes presented to women in society
determine
their
speech
characteristics
and
communicative strategies.
Strategy type
Description
Example
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
Softening strategy
Instead of expressing an opinion
directly, calling for compromise,
expressing an opinion through irony
and hesitation.
"I don't know, but you
know yourself."
Emotional impact
Use emotional words, intonation,
and gestures to influence the
situation.
"I'm
just
tired
of
everything, and I want
you to understand me
too."
Question-based
objection
Comment in the form of a question
instead of a direct demand or
remark.
"I suppose you didn't
like it?"
Indirect request
Expressing a request or command in
a soft, rather than explicit, form.
"If you went there, I
could find answers to
my questions."
Effective
counseling
Guidance in the form of advice,
without giving instructions.
"Maybe you'll rest a
little and then decide?"
Influence through
self-accusation
To force one's opinion to be
accepted by the opposite side by
blaming oneself.
"I'm sorry, I'm sorry if I
was wrong, but your
attitude
hurt
my
feelings."
Criticism with a
hint
Expressing criticism indirectly or
through irony, without expressing it
openly.
"You didn't do this
badly, but it could have
been different."
Expressing an opinion in a questioning tone without
using the word "no," which is widespread in the speech
of Uzbek women, is part of the tactics of indirect refusal
(or indirect refusal). This method is used to conduct the
conversation in a softer and more delicate manner, to
avoid confrontation, and to take into account the
interlocutor's feelings.
-Is it possible to give this robe to someone who came
from the Horde? (Abdulla Qodiriy, Scorpion from the
Mihrab).
This question makes the interlocutor feel that it is
impossible, but a direct refusal is not given.
CONCLUSION
The change in communicative strategies and tactics in
women's speech is mainly due to cultural and social
changes. It is known that while the values of some
societies encourage women to be passive in
communication, in others they may have more active
speech styles.
Today, communicative strategy is widely used not only
in linguistics, but also in psychology, sociology, and
linguodidactics. The use of strategies in speech is
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN
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2771-2273)
studied in relation to social role, gender, culture, and
personal characteristics.
Understanding speech strategies in women's speech
helps to establish effective communication not only for
them, but also in general social relations. This concept
is becoming increasingly important, taking into account
the social and cultural changes of society. Women's
speech serves to strengthen relationships and social
roles in society.
Research on the study of women's speech contributes
to a deeper understanding of the relationship between
language and gender. These studies analyze the
voluntary and social characteristics of women's speech
and serve to determine the relationship between
language and society. These studies also provide a
broader
understanding
of
gender
roles,
communication strategies, social status, and the social
functions of language.
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