Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
7
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
7-12
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
Uzbek literature contains many works of different genres in which the image of Abu Rayhon Beruni is highlighted .
Among these works, dramatist Nafas Shodmonov’s dramatic work "Abu Rayhon Beruni" was published this year. The
drama is distinguished by its uniqueness from a number of works depicting the character of the Alloma.
KEYWORDS
Drama, history, biography, phenomenon.
INTRODUCTION
The artistic and aesthetic level of Uzbek dramas
written during the period of independence, the subject
content, and the scope of action are diverse, one does
not repeat the other. Of course, every created work
has its flaws and shortcomings associated with the
author's concept. But we have dramatists who value
new sophistication, thought, and ideas in our
dramaturgy, of course. A high-quality work has stood
the test of time and time, and with its high spirit, it
always creates deep feelings in the human heart.
Forming the concept of what should be the personality
of a free-thinking, firm in faith person, who determines
the perspective and essence of life, forms the core
content of our dramaturgy today. After all, "... the
power of influence of the heroes of a work of art is not
in their positive or negative, but in the vitality of these
Research Article
THE CHARACTER OF ABU RAYHON BERUNI IS INTERPRETED BY NAFAS
SHODMANOV
Submission Date:
July 03, 2024,
Accepted Date:
July 08, 2024,
Published Date:
July 13, 2024
Crossref doi
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume04Issue07-02
Kuziboeva is the daughter of Lolakhan Saidrasul
Tashkent State named after Alisher Navoi University of Uzbek Language and Literature III Foundation doctoral
student, majoring in Uzbek literature 10.00.02, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
8
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
7-12
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
heroes, that is, in their correspondence to the reality of
life. "
In addition, one of the main features of our dramaturgy
of the following years is the manifestation of religious-
philosophical, religious-mystical elements in the image,
observation, and world of the hero. The expansion of
religious knowledge, interest in mysticism is the main
reason for finding a deep life-philosophical expression
in drama works of the later period, expressing the
meanings of human and existence problems. "Two
types of literature are mainly used to promote religious
beliefs and explain the essence of holy books to
people. One of them is religious-scientific, and the
other is religious-artistic works. In religious-scientific
works, religious laws and religious ideas are presented
and interpreted directly. Religious and artistic works
fulfill this task indirectly. In this case, art comes out as
the most powerful practical tool.
In this sense, when we observe the drama works of the
following years, we witness that the dramatists, in
expressing their Islamic views, pay more attention to
the works that express the important content that
covers the problems of their time in the analysis of the
individual psyche and his inner experiences. And our
Islamic beliefs serve as a core source for them.
"Because as noted by literary scholar Uzoq Jo‘raqulov,
"In 2022 of the 21st century, our national
independence, which the ancients dreamed of for a
lifetime, will welcome the thirty-second spring. Now
we will have to show our independent position in all
fields, approach the global problems of Eastern-
Western literary studies on the basis of national
thinking . It is becoming an important principle that
today’s playwrights are also striving towards this
dream, returning to our nationality and values.
Literary critic D. Quronov noted: "As a historical
category, the system of literary genres lives in constant
movement: new genres are created, improved, and
obsolete; in each separate genre, continuous
qualitative changes are observed, the practice of
artistic creation constantly changes its formal and
substantive features.
METHODOLOGY
The dramatic work " Abu Rayhon Beruni" not only
sheds light on Beruni's personality, but also
emphasizes his dramatic psychology and inner world.
In implementing this artistic concept, the author wisely
used the textile images "Chained Girl" and "Frost".
Regardless of whether there is a historical basis or not,
the author found the name of this image very carefully.
"Frost" means "cold" in the vernacular. Every dialogue
spoken by Ayaz's tongue in the play sounds like truth.
His words are not really cold, they may sound cold to
those who do not recognize the truth.
The author depicted the same image with frost effect.
Sultan Mahmud's entourage tried hard to make Beruni
look bad to the king. But justice always prevails. And
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
9
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
7-12
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
Zaydon, who is Beruni's enemy, is about to spoil the
case. At this point, Ayaz's sharp and "cold" words
decide the issue in Beruni's favor. As a result, Zaydon
and his supporters will be forced to bite their tongues.
The way of science will win. Beruni's influence
increases. In short, the images of Chained Girl and Frost
play an important role in revealing the essence of the
drama "Abu Rayhon Beruni".
The thesis of the work - the dialogue is understood in
the text of the dialogue told to his student.
Beruni: Abdussamad, dear brother,
Why are we here?
The plot of the drama brings out the complex and
mysterious principle of Beruni's image and connects it
to the image of this one person. The author, who justly
sheds light on Beruni's personality, imposes the system
of contradiction (antithesis) on the image of Zaydon.
The image of Zaydon is brought to the stage as a
conspirator who opposes Beruni's science. Beruni wins
the king's attention by finding solutions to many tests
in the king's reign. He continued his scientific work in
the palace until the end of his life. The author sought
knowledge in this drama under the personality of a
scientist lives the image of a religious person. We can
conclude that the conversation and dialogue in the last
moments of his life were able to form the synthesis
system of the work. It seems that the life changes in
complex characters like Abdussamad and Zaydon, who
inspired Beruni, did not reach the ceremony. In
Beruni's personality, they move in the drama as if
depicted as an appearance. But Beruni's thesis, "Is
there any other truth than science?", which served as
the thesis of the work, his thoughts that we will find
wisdom if we do not turn away from it, the humanist
views of the image of a historical person on the artistic
idea of the work, are absorbed into the plot of the
drama, and are enough for the actions of the
characters. able to give an aesthetic effect.
Beruni
: Listen to my last words,
These are my words to all the people:
Anyone who wants to serve, no matter what the job is,
If he reaches maturity, with devotion,
Every act he does is a prayer -
The author was able to realize his artistic intention in
studying the work of this truthful scientist, illuminated
by the dramatic interpretation of historical truth.
Therefore, the internal balance and drama in the plays,
where the characters with a heart open to life and
society, a broad and well-rounded worldview,
purposeful, active and fighting characters are skillfully
interpreted, attract the reader and the viewer. We
believe that the characters created by the author have
high scientific potential, philosophers, worldview and
taste in interpreting the world and man.
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
10
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
7-12
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
RESULTS
In Uzbek literature, there are many works of different
genres in which the image of Abu Rayhon Beruni is
interpreted. Scientist A. Soliev in his research work on
the topic "Human interpretation in Uzbek dramaturgy"
said, "It is known that the 70s and 80s of the last
century achieved very high results in the analysis and
interpretation of the human in Uzbek poetry and
prose. However, in Uzbek dramaturgy, this issue has
not been solved as expected" - he emphasized on this
topic "- in response to the scientist's scientific opinions,
the images of Nasafi and Beruni show that Uzbek
dramaturgy has entered a new stage in highlighting
human qualities.
Alqissa, the originality of the drama "Abu Rayhon
Beruni", the aspect that proves the author's artistic
skills, is directly related to the artistic fabric.
Dramatists in each period found answers to the
important social, psychological, and philosophical
questions of their time through their works. The
answers to these questions were created by those who
created different human images through their
characters. Through this, he formed the historical
foundations of the human image by bringing the
development of various aspects, difficulties and
contradictions of human nature to the stage. It would
be better if Beruni's image was moved more clearly by
adding narrations about Beruni to the drama. In what
sense, the narratives served to show this image more
clearly. Thus, the dramatist preferred to present the
image of a historical person in realistic images of
history.
Oybek writes: "Each lyrical work can be divided into
three parts. The first part expresses the main idea, the
main motive, the second part opens the topic with
auxiliary new motives, and the third part closes the
circle of thoughts and feelings. This is called khatima,
in khatima, thoughts and feelings are clarified,
sharpened and collected into one text..." These
thoughts of Oybek apply not only to lyrical works, but
also to the drama genre.
The playwright instilled his dreams in the image of
Beruni. Beruni's discoveries for the interests of the
people, peace and justice are directed towards the
universal essence. Therefore, the accuracy of the
factual information did not affect the aesthetic value
of the work.
The role of the three sciences emphasized in the drama
of Abu Rayhon Beruni to important rulers:
one, of course, the science of the hereafter;
the second, the science of jewelry ;
the third is the science of military operations ;
All these sciences are embodied in Beruni . These
words, spoken from the language of the hero, open a
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
11
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
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–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
07
P
AGES
:
7-12
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
thesis composition illuminating the character of
Beruni, as a selfless person in the path of science even
in the last moments of his life. In this sense, it can be
said that these works are the real truth or the
confession of the synthesis realized by Beruni and
Nasafi.
CONCLUSIONS
Although dramatists create images of historical figures
based on many historical sources, the approach to this
image is unique in each era. Attitudes to the historical
figure varied depending on the literary and political
requirements, the needs of the system and the
possibilities of the writers. But, be that as it may, the
true depiction of historical truth in literary views; use
of accurate information from chronicles and memoirs
to illuminate the artistic image of a famous king, poet,
scientist, saint; highlighting an important spiritual and
moral problem in history; The deep understanding of
the factor of tragedy as a condition of weakness in
human destiny is part of the characteristics of the
principle of historicity. As a unique study of Beruni's
personality in the history of the world, this research is
manifested in significant shifts. In fact, these
individuals are great people who are worth studying
from a historical and spiritual point of view. In the
concept of a historical person, special attention is paid
to the qualities of the hero, such as humanity,
leadership, enlightenment.
That is, as a writer, he was more interested in who
Beruni, Nasafi was, his experiences, spiritual world,
thoughts, dreams, values as a person, morals of faith.
Academician Matyakub Koshjanov: "Historicality, the
spirit of the era should be present in all realistic works.
But there are works in which this feature of realism is
expressed by creating characters of historical figures
typical for the period. In such works, the spirit of the
era depends primarily on the character of historical
figures," he says . There are many historical works
about Beruni. Mirkarim Asim's "Clouds Above Jayhun"
and Isajon Sultan's novel "Beruni" are also compared
moral and philosophical views.
Historical conditions in the place where the hero was
born, internal disputes, military negotiations fill the
poetics of the work. When creating the image of
Beruni, the realities of childhood, adolescence, and
middle age expand the compositional level. As the
hero's world of thought and high intellect are tested
and evaluated by the palace rulers, the wisdom and
wisdom of his character becomes clear. It is recognized
that the integration of such subjects as logic,
geography, medicine, music, mathematics was
improved on the basis of the theoretical teachings of
scholars. Isajon looks at Sultan Beruni's relationship
with the kings. Nafas Shodmonov's views also find
harmony in these views. Both writers tried to approach
the historical truth at the same time.
Volume 04 Issue 07-2024
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American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
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2771-2273)
VOLUME
04
ISSUE
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P
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:
7-12
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
We can see that the beautiful example of the search for
knowledge from the cradle to the grave was described
by the two writers who showed the example of their
lives in a combination of historical truth and artistic
skill.
The important thing is that Beruni's inner faith, belief,
and contentment saved him from various dangers and
preserved his identity and humanity. The fact that they
valued science and tradition and lived feeling the pain
of the people and the nation is shown in exemplary
pictures. The achievement of the new dramas is that
the playwright tried to interpret the life and work of
the hero from a religious and religious point of view, to
show the moral creed of the great thinkers, the path
and status of the great thinkers in the sect.
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