American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
132
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue06 2025
PAGE NO.
132-135
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue06-34
24
Psychological Aspects of Obsessive
–
Compulsive
Disorder and Researchs On This Issue
Kholnazarova Matluba Xolbutaevna
Professor of Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Khudaiberdieva Dilorom Khaidar qizi
Doctoral student of Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan
Received:
30 April 2025;
Accepted:
28 May 2025;
Published:
30 June 2025
Abstract:
The article examines the psychological characteristics of the manifestation of obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD) in adolescence. It describes the causes, forms, diagnostic criteria and impact of OCD on the
personal development of a teenager. Approaches to psychological correction and have presented some useful
methods.
Keywords:
youth development, innovation, mental health, adolescents, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
psychological well-being, social factors, biological factors, education and knowledge, creativity, information
overload, digital technologies, cognitive develop
ment, social contribution, Yale’s Brown Scale, PedsQL
.
Introduction:
The young generation constitutes a
strategic resource and a vital driving force in the
development of any state, serving as the cohesive
element that reinforces its foundation. The future
trajectory of a country is largely determined by youth
who possess strong intellectual capabilities, advanced
knowledge, and high potential. It is no exaggeration to
assert that young people are the principal innovators
across various domains of human activity.
The comprehensive development of the younger
generation is a fundamental prerequisite for the
formation of well-rounded, adaptable, and resilient
individuals who are capable of effectively addressing
the challenges of the contemporary world and making
meaningful contributions to the advancement of
society. Innovative ideas and significant breakthroughs
often emerge at the intersection of diverse fields of
knowledge and are driven by unconventional thinking.
Youth who are intellectually and personally developed
tend to exhibit higher levels of creativity, a propensity
for seeking novel approaches, and an ability to
generate innovative solutions
—
all of which are
essential mechanisms for promoting economic growth
and
enhancing a nation’s global competitiveness.
According to global statistics, young people currently
represent over 16% of the world’s population. In
Uzbekistan, adolescents and youth account for
approximately 31% of the national population. Despite
the numerous opportunities provided by modern
technologies, the internet, and social media in terms of
access to, and analysis of, information, the
overwhelming volume of unfiltered content can
adversely impact the psychological well-being of
adolescents.
In this context, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
warrants particular attention. OCD is a chronic mental
health condition characterized by persistent intrusive
thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors
(compulsions) that significantly interfere with an
individual's daily functioning. It may persist for many
years, often leading to substantial social and economic
difficulties. To date, the etiological underpinnings of
obsessive
–
compulsive disorder remain insufficiently
understood. Multiple explanatory models have been
proposed, suggesting that its development in
adolescents may be influenced by a complex interplay
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Literature review
An analysis of the scientific literature on obsessive-
compulsive disorder in adolescents has shown that the
term “obsessive
-
compulsive disorder” has been
interpreted in different ways. Modern research
emphasizes
the
importance
of
age-related
characteristics of adolescents in the formation and
manifestation of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive
disorder, including increased vulnerability to stress,
instability of self-esteem, and increased anxiety. In
general, obsessive-compulsive disorder consists of two
components: obsessions are “irrational thoughts that
are fixed in the brain” and compulsions are “sequences
of actions” or “rituals” that serve to stop these
thoughts.
Ian Goldberg: One of the world's leading experts in
child and adolescent psychiatry. His work is devoted to
the study of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of
obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and
adolescents.
Jeffrey Greenberg: Known for his research in the field
of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for OCD. He has
developed numerous CBT programs for children and
adolescents.
Frances Flanagan: Specializes in the study of the
comorbidity of OCD with other mental disorders in
children and adolescents.
David Kennedy: Researches the neurobiological basis of
OCD and develops new treatment methods.
A review of the literature shows that OCD in
adolescents is a serious problem that requires an
integrated approach. Despite significant advances in
the study of OCD, many questions remain open.
Further research will allow the development of more
effective methods for diagnosing and treating this
disorder.
The literature highlights a close relationship between
obsessive-compulsive manifestations and personality
traits such as perfectionism, rigidity of thinking, and a
tendency to doubt. In addition, researchers note the
influence of the family environment, parents, and
interpersonal relationships on the formation and
dynamics of the disorder in adolescence.
At the same time, it was found that there are certain
gaps, such as insufficient study of individual
psychological factors affecting the course of obsessive-
compulsive disorder in adolescents, as well as limited
empirical research aimed at testing effective
psychocorrection programs. This emphasizes the
relevance of further research aimed at in-depth study
of the psychological characteristics of obsessive-
compulsive disorder in adolescents and the
development of targeted methods of prevention and
correction.
Literature analysis shows that obsessive-compulsive
disorder in adolescents is a multifactorial disorder with
genetic, neurobiological, cognitive and social roots.
Effective diagnosis and treatment require a
comprehensive approach that combines work with the
family and school. At the same time, it requires more
consistent study, especially since new research is
needed on early detection, individual and innovative
treatment.
METHODS
Before choosing a method for determining the
psychological aspects of OCD in adolescents, special
adapted methods for adolescents were selected: Yale
Brown Scale adapted for adolescents. Allows you to
assess the time spent on obsessions and compulsions,
the degree of distress, dysfunction, resistance and
control. To assess the cognitive aspects, a
questionnaire of beliefs associated with OCD was
chosen. It assesses such beliefs as excessive
responsibility, overestimation of threat, perfectionism,
the importance of control over thoughts, the
significance of thoughts, and intolerance of
uncertainty. To determine the level of psychological,
social and school functioning of the teenager was
chosen the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale for
Adolescents. And also includes the author's technique,
which consists of three parts: a diagnostic
questionnaire, an analysis of cognitive strategies and
an assessment of the impact of symptoms on everyday
life.
Initially, the Yale Brown scale was used to determine
whether the study participants had symptoms of
obsessive-compulsive disorder. The total number of
subjects was 360. Based on the responses, was
determined the number of participants with obsessive-
compulsive disorder. Then they were grouped into
experimental and control groups.
RESULTS
The study involved 306 adolescents studying in three
comprehensive schools. The aim of the work was to
identify obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among
adolescents and determine its impact on various areas
of quality of life, as well as to test the author's method
of early diagnosis and prevention of OCD. At the first
stage, primary diagnostics were carried out using the
Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (CY-
BOCS), adapted for adolescents. According to the
survey results, it was revealed that signs of OCD were
observed in 57 participants: 11 people in the first
school, 18 in the second, and 28 in the third. Thus, the
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
prevalence rate of OCD signs in the sample was 18.63%.
Relative indicators for schools ranged from 10.78% to
27.45%, which may indicate both different psycho
emotional stress in the school environment and socio-
cultural differences in the microenvironment.
At the second stage, participants with signs of OCD (n =
57) were divided into the experimental group, and a
control group of 57 adolescents without signs of OCD
was formed according to the matching principle. To
assess the impact of obsessive-compulsive symptoms
on quality of life, the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire was
used, including the domains: school functioning,
emotional state, social relations and family/leisure
component.
A comparative analysis between the experimental and
control groups showed significant differences in almost
all scales. In adolescents with OCD, the level of quality
of life was significantly lower. Particularly pronounced
differences were recorded in the scales of school
adaptation and emotional state, which reflects the high
degree of influence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms
on cognitive activity, motivation and emotional well-
being.
At the third stage of the study, the author's method
was tested, developed for the early detection of OCD
and psychological correction in adolescence. The
method is intended for use in schools, psychological
consultations and clinical practice, and can be used in
combination
with
clinical
interviews
and
neuropsychological testing. As a result of testing, it was
found that the method has a high sensitivity to various
manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and
also correlates well with the results of the CY-BOCS and
PedsQL scales, which confirms its diagnostic reliability
and practical significance.
Thus, mathematical and statistical analysis made it
possible to confirm that OCD is a fairly common
disorder among adolescents and has a significant
impact on various aspects of their lives. The data
obtained also indicate the high efficiency of the
author's method as a tool for early diagnosis,
monitoring and development of individual programs of
psychological and pedagogical assistance.
CONCLUSION
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adolescents
remains one of the most pressing issues in modern
child and adolescent psychiatry and clinical psychology.
According to WHO, the prevalence of OCD in the child
and adolescent population ranges from 1% to 3%, and
the disease often remains undiagnosed in the early
stages. In adolescence, OCD often manifests itself in
the form of obsessive thoughts (obsessions) and
ritualized actions (compulsions), which seriously affects
academic performance, social relationships, and the
overall psychological well-being of the adolescent.
The conducted study confirmed the relevance of the
problem of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
among adolescents, demonstrating its fairly high
prevalence in the school environment - 18.63% of the
total sample. Analysis of data obtained using the Yale-
Brown scale (CY-BOCS) allowed us to identify specific
manifestations of OCD in various educational
institutions, which may be associated with the
characteristics of the school environment, social
environment and emotional stress of students.
A comparative analysis of the quality of life of
adolescents with signs of OCD and their peers without
disorders, conducted on the basis of the PedsQL
questionnaire, showed that the presence of obsessive-
compulsive symptoms has a significant negative impact
on key areas of adolescents' lives - especially on their
emotional state and school adaptation. These results
emphasize the need for early detection and targeted
psychological and pedagogical support for adolescents
suffering from OCD.
Testing of the author's method for diagnosing
obsessive-compulsive disorder has shown its high
diagnostic value and applicability in schools, clinics and
counseling centers. The method can be effectively used
both for primary diagnostics and within the framework
of comprehensive programs for the prevention and
correction of anxiety-compulsive disorders in
adolescence.
Thus, the results of the study substantiate the need to
implement a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis
and support of adolescents with OCD, including
screening methods, quality of life assessment and
individualized forms of psychological assistance.
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