Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
97
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
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:
97-104
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2021:
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)
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OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the ways of effective use of labor in the development of the economy of Uzbekistan, the
economic content of the concept of unemployment and measures and directions for organizing socio-economic
reforms aimed at creating a favorable business environment.
KEYWORDS
Employment, full-fledged, freely chosen employment labor relations; the role of the state in ensuring employment of
the population; unemployment; types of unemployment, unemployment rate, consequences of unemployment.
INTRODUCTION
During the years of independence, great attention is
paid to the issues of increasing the standard of living of
the population, providing decent jobs and training
personnel. At the same time, significant success is
achieved as a result of effective economic reforms and
a number of positive changes in areas related to
intellectual potential.
Due to the special attention paid to young people in
the labor market, the share of employment in relation
to the total population is becoming higher. Systematic
work was carried out to help them find a worthy place
in society and to support their labor by taking the
initiative. And young people who make good use of the
opportunities created are showing their ability in all
Research Article
ISSUES OF LOWERING THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY
Submission Date:
October 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
October 12, 2023,
Published Date:
October 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue10-15
Nabiyeva Nilufar Mutorovna
Dostent Of The Department Of Economics Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 10-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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OCLC
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1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
areas. Consequently, the task of satisfying the need for
young personnel, who deeply feel the responsibility for
the fate of the country, are independent and thinking
in a new way, is becoming more and more important
The essence of employment of the population.
As noted in Article 2 of the law on employment of the
population
of
the
Republic
of
Uzbekistan:
"employment is an activity that does not contradict the
legislation of citizens, is associated with the
satisfaction of their personal and social needs, which
brings them wages (labor income)." It is believed that
the following are employed:
- citizens who are hired and working, including those
who are doing the work for a fee in the incomplete I
swaqti, as well as other jobs that are paid, including a
temporary job;
- citizens who are not in a temporary place of
work in connection with their uniqueness, labor leave,
retraining for the profession, the fact that they are in
advanced training, the suspension of production, as
well as in other cases where a temporary place of work
is maintained in accordance with the legislation;
- self-employed citizens (entrepreneurs,
farmers and family members involved in their
production, family members involved in the production
of a peasant household, members of cooperatives,
writers, artists, etc.;
- Citizens who serve in the Armed Forces,
National Security Service and internal affairs bodies
and troops, as well as those who perform alternative
service;
- citizens receiving education separated from
production;
- citizens working in public associations and
religious institutions that operate, in accordance with
the legislation.
In addition, in accordance with the Labor Code
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, for the following
reasons, the place of work of citizens who are not in a
temporary place of work is preserved, and they are
considered to be employed in the following situations:
-at the time of performing the functions of the state
and society;
-when performing tasks related to the interests of the
employer and the Labor team;
-when it comes to the interests of society.
The practical need to take into account the population
implies the need to highlight the types of employment.
For example, there will be full, reasonable and freely
chosen employment.
Full employment is Occupational Employment, which
brings income to ushax and creates the conditions for
a proper marriage for himself, as well as his family.
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Rational employment of the population means
achieving a balance between supply and demand for
Labor.
Freely chosen employment implies that the right to
own one's ability to work (labor force) only belongs to
its owner, that is, to the employee himself. This
principle guarantees that each employee will behave
correctly in his choice of work, prohibit recruitment in
any administrative way.
Employment relations are dictated by economic, social
and demographic processes. Its economic content is
expressed in the possibility for an employee to ensure
that he lives with his labor in a way worthy of him, to
contribute to the growth of the efficiency of social
production. Social content is expressed in the content
and development of an individual. Demographic
content reflects the connection of employment with
the age and sexual characteristics of the population, its
composition, etc.
Consequently, the employment policy of the
population implies the achievement of three main
goals:
- accelerate the process of redistribution of vacated
employees on the basis of incentives for structural
restructuring;
- very quickly involving the unemployed in the life of
Labor;
- to secure each of those looking for a job with a job.
The types of state influence on the employment of the
population include:
- passive exposure-social assistance to the unemployed
population;
- active exposure-
- encourage labor supply;
- encourage the student to work;
- show demand and supply coordination measures;
- giving advice in the professional field;
- development of an employment program for less
competitive groups of the population;
-measures to provide assistance to the regions, and so
on.
It is possible to include in the state bodies that
participate in the employment of the population, first
of all, the public service of employment of the
population (special activities). Its mandate includes:
- analysis and forecasting of the state of the labor
market, as well as the distribution of relevant
information;
-citizens ' bill requesting a vacancy and employment;
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-providing advice to citizens who apply to the
employment service on employment opportunities,
requirements for each profession to the employee, the
provision of labor with employers;
-providing assistance to citizens in choosing a suitable
job, and to employers in choosing the necessary
employees;
- to train non-working citizens by profession, to re-train
them and improve their skills;
- assistance in choosing a profession for employees and
unemployed
residents
who
are
vacationing
employment services;
- registration of the unemployed, providing assistance
to them.
The public service of employment of the population
has the right to receive the necessary information from
enterprises, institutions and organizations about the
changes and other activities that will take place in the
structure in order to carry out these tasks, since such
changes may result in the dismissal of employees or the
formation of a vacancy.
Table 1.
Labor indicators of the Republic of Uzbekistan in numbers
Labor indicators of the Republic in statistical figures in January-September 2022:
Number of labor resources-19.5 million.
Labor-intensive population - 13.8 million.
Employment rate-68.0 %
The number of unemployed-1.3 million.
Unemployment rate
–
8.6 %
Economically inactive population
–
4.3 million.
With the development of the digital economy,
machines and robots replace human labor, which
causes mass unemployment. Is there really a lot of
negative impact of digitization in society? There are
different opinions on this issue.
The digital economy will lead to an increase in the
efficiency of labor productivity and workers are
expected to release 10 million people by 2024.
Recently, you can often hear that basically in
Uzbekistan the most common professions are again
repetitive and monotonous, an algorithm of actions
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Servi
that can be programmed again, such as drivers, sellers,
accountants, professions such as security, etc., are
primarily subject to automation workers and
thousands of workers are released people are left
without work.
It should be noted that those who undergo automation
are professions based on repetitive algorithms
rhythms, but creative workers are not patience, the
ability to solve problems quickly can be squeezed out
by robots. Also, commitment skills, which often require
the creation of something new,products keep people
busy and can not replace cars. On the contrary,
entrepreneurship will be easier with the help of
technology and to implement new technologies. As
you can see, with the use of digital economy, the
different professions will be automatic the possibility
of retraining and continuing freed workers must be
carried out along with digital technology. It should be
noted that the digital economy cannot be called
unnecessary and dishonest . First,thanks to digital
development,
the
economy
increases
labor
productivity, the quality of life is improving. Secondly,
with the growth of new technologies, new professions
appear,including those that serve the operation of
machines, which means more jobs.
Thirdly, robots can replace professions that can only be
mastered
by
repetition-based
programmed
algorithms, but robots cannot replace human scale,
have a creative profession, are able to create people
who are able to create new cultural objects created by
scientists with scientific discoveries, entrepreneurs
who are creating new products, etc.
Table 2
Negative and positive aspects of unemployment.
Negative
Positive
Part of the labor resource does not participate
in the creation of products and services,
remaining undone. Walking MoBay without
work for a long time leads to a loss of
professional qualifications and experience. The
concern of feeding the unemployed is that in
order to pay benefits to the working-Gans, the
workers will have to take more taxes on their
income. The income of unemployed families
goes into decline, the benefit that touches
them does not reach the subsistence level.
Unemployment risk
-encourages people to work well;-not to violate
labor discipline;- to increase labor productivity;-to
improve the quality of work;-to pay tribute to
their firm;-to the value of their place of work.
Unemployment abolitionists
- to work on oneself;
- to improve knowledge and skills;
- urges to diligently master new professions.
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Therefore, we can come to such a conclusion, and
people should not worry about this in the near future
.From this development, let's move the net of the State
negative direction. In the future, it will be in our favor
that cars will occupy the entire labor market.
It is known that the demand in the labor market will
largely depend on the requests in the market of goods,
investments, employment in enterprises operating in
the form of various forms of ownership is caused by
this factor. The general trend is mainly due to the
increase in employment in the non-governmental
sector, while the public sector is experiencing a
reduction in this indicator. The rapid growth of
employment is characteristic of enterprises based on
private ownership. This cannot be explained by the
privatization of state-owned enterprises itself, since
the level of employment, together with the
preservation of old jobs, also goes back to the creation
of new ones. The jobs created in different enterprises
are different, due to which the capital capacity of
employment is also different. While the most
expensive jobs are in the state and mixed uklad, the
cheapest jobs are created in private enterprises,
especially family farms.
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