Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
61
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the XV century, the Turkic peoples who were part of the Golden Horde created the epic "Edige". The main characters
of the epic "Edige" dedicated to the history of the Golden Horde are Amir Temur, Edige, Tokhtamys.
Edige is one of those who occupied a large place in the life of the Golden Horde state of the late XIV
–
early XV
centuries. With his wisdom, state foresight, courage, and courage, Edige won the favor and sympathy of the khans,
who willingly listened to his words. Wise instructions and sayings belonging to Ediga were widely distributed among
the people. The epic often tells about the everyday reasonableness of Edige, about his exceptional foresight, about
how subtly he resolved all sorts of difficult lawsuits and disputes to the mutual satisfaction of the parties.
People liked his merits, the deeds he had done, and the ability to skillfully settle all kinds of lawsuits. That's why the
people loved him and created an epic about him.
KEYWORDS
Historical events, historical personalities, historical epics, epic "Edige", Edige, wisdom, courage, wise instructions.
INTRODUCTION
Many epics created in oral form tell about historical
events and historical figures related to the history of
the people. Historical epics were really created in
connection with the biography of personalities who
existed in history. And historical events find a peculiar
reflection in these epics. But not all the events from
Research Article
EDIGE'S WISDOM IN SOLVING DAILY PROBLEMS
Submission Date:
April 20, 2023,
Accepted Date:
April 25, 2023,
Published Date:
April 30, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue04-12
Maksetova Mexri Kabulovna
Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
62
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
these epics can be considered as historical facts.
Among them may be related or unrelated to history,
obviously fictional, even fantastic events. That is why
we value historical epics primarily as an artistic
creation. But at the same time, historical epics are one
of the great additional sources in the study of the
history of the people. Among them may be related or
unrelated to history, obviously fictional, even fantastic
events. That is why we value historical epics primarily
as an artistic creation. But at the same time, historical
epics are one of the great additional sources in the
study of the history of the people.
The Karakalpak people have experienced a whole lot of
various historical events for a long time and shared the
fate of a number of historical figures. On the basis of
these events, many historical stories, legends, terms,
tolgavs, epics were born. [1,296-297]
In the XIV-XV centuries, the Turkic-speaking tribes had
their own exceptionally rich folk art of various genres.
A special place among them was occupied by the folk
epic, where historical events of the past with the
features inherent in the epic are very colorfully
depicted. In them, the people portray their heroes
–
faithful sons, as true defenders of the Motherland,
ready to sacrifice their lives in the name of their native
land. The main character of the folk epic was formed,
as a rule, as a beautiful ideal of this people. The Turkic
peoples are justifiably proud of their world-famous
epics "Kitabi dadam Korkit" ("The Book of my
grandfather Korkut"), "Alpamys", "Edige" and others.
In the XV century, the Turkic peoples who were part of
the Golden Horde created the epic "Edige". The
extremely important significance of this epic, in which
the history of the Golden Horde of the late XIV- early XV
centuries is narrated in a kind of juicy and colorful epic
language, lies in the fact that it is a living historical
source on the history of the Turkic peoples.
The main characters of the epic "Edige" dedicated to
the history of the Golden Horde are Amir Temur, Edige,
Tokhtamys.
Edige is one of those who occupied a large place in the
life of the Golden Horde state of the late XIV
–
early XV
centuries. Edige's father did not come from the
descendants of the khan. But Edige was that high-
ranking dignitary who performed an exchange
marriage with the highest representatives of the
reigning
dynasty
and
thereby
increasingly
strengthened his prominent position at court. He had
an exceptionally huge weight in the White Horde. Since
Edige did not belong to the khan's descendants, he did
not sit on the throne as a sovereign. Only descendants
of Genghis Khan could become khans. This tradition of
succession continued until the beginning of the XX
century.
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
With his wisdom, state foresight, courage, and
courage, Edige won the favor and sympathy of the
khans, who willingly listened to his words.
In historical sources of those times, Edige is mentioned
under the title "amir", referred to as "Uzbek Edige",
and also Edige is a native of the Mangit tribe. And in
some sources, even Ibn Arabshah calls Edige a
Kungrad. For a quarter of a century, Edige played a
crucial and extremely important role in the Golden
Horde.
Wise instructions and sayings belonging to Edige were
widely distributed among the people. They have a large
place in the folk epic "Edige". The great charters issued
during his reign recall the noble achievements of his
contemporary and benefactor the great Temur,
especially the famous "Temur tuzuklari" ("Temur's
Regulations").
Edige appears in the epic as such a brave and
courageous, who is equally adept at shooting both
from a bow and hacking with swords, an unusually
eloquent man who knew no equal in the fair resolution
of various complicated lawsuits and disputes, and was
also a handsome man. [2]
It is of great interest here that both the epic and the
real historical Edige have similar, similar features. Our
attention is also attracted here by the fact that Edige
turns into a beloved image of the people. The best
virtues of Edige nature, the desire to stay close to the
people, to share the most intimate with them, and, if
necessary, to start a joke with commoners, his both
material and spiritual generosity, contributed to the
transformation of this epic and historical personality
into a legendary one both in the modern era and in
subsequent times, the creation of a popular epic by the
people in his honor, which was performed with
inspiration and continues to be performed to this day
by Zhyrau storytellers.
Describing Edige, dwelling on its remarkable merits,
Ibn Arabshah writes: "There are wonderful stories
about Edige, unique and amazing messages. The
deadly arrows launched by him accurately hit the
enemies, (his) cunning fighting consisted in setting
traps. There are his (valuable) thoughts about the
techniques of a logically reasonable policy, to discuss
about which is outside the subject of our narrative".
[3,163]
The epic often tells about the everyday reasonableness
of Edige, about his exceptional foresight, about how
subtly he resolved all sorts of difficult lawsuits and
disputes to the mutual satisfaction of the parties.
Stories about how Edige skillfully and subtly resolved
all sorts of lawsuits begin in the epic from the days
when he matured somewhat and became a herdsman.
Here are the lines on this subject we read in the version
of the epic that belongs to Kyyas zhyrau:
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
64
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
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VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
"Wherever and whatever litigation happened, Edige
came himself and resolved it. Once, when Edige was
walking along the road, he finds two people who were
fighting, clutching each other's collars. Edige asked
what the two were fighting about. Then one of them
turned to Edige: "I was a famous mergen hunter. There
was a duck swimming on the lake. When I was just
about to shoot her, pluck her, roast her and eat her,
this unknown man came out of nowhere, who with the
help of his falcon intercepted her from me. And I won't
try it out. That was the reason for our fight," he replied.
Then Edige said: - Oh mergen, let your words be lost.
When there is a grasping falcon, what can your stray
arrow do. Give him his duck!
–
he commanded. Mergen
disagreed with this. Edige said, "Oh mergen, are you
really rejecting my decision, you rascal. If so, I will put
this young man at such a distance that he is barely
distinguishable, and I will put some kind of target on
his head. You will shoot an arrow at her, and if you miss
or injure a young man, what kind of punishment should
you be subjected to, you rascal!
–
asked. Mergen said,
"Let them punish me with death!" Edige put the young
man at such a distance that he was barely
distinguishable. He had an apple in his pocket. He
placed it on the young man's head.
–
Well, shoot an
arrow, Mergen!
–
he shouted. When Mergen shot an
arrow, it swept by, splitting the apple in two. Edige
admired this. Having taken the duck (from the young
man), he handed it to Mergen, the hunter. Mergen
said: - Let the duck be my gift to you, friend, and gave
it to Edige. Then he said, "I did all this to demonstrate
my skill on a duck. While carrying the duck, Edige
notices that blood is flowing from one of her eyes, and
tears are flowing from the other. Out of pity , Edige
turns to the duck with the words: - Oh, poor little bird,
I didn't get to see my father, find out what my mother
was like, have a lot of fun as a child until the age of
seven, I spent the night in a dump of fetid garbage,
swallowed dust, I didn't meet a single person who
would caress me with pity as a native son, has it
befallen you such a bitter fate, and if you were a man,
then I would put you on a horse, throw sarpai
–
rich
clothes on you, but let this be my barn-gift!
–
after that,
he gently stroked the duck's chest three times and let
her go free to fly wherever her eyes looked. When he
looked after her, the duck's chest shone with a red-
green hue, that's what the sarpai was like, which Edige
threw on the duck. The apple has notches on both
sides. These were the places that were pierced by the
arrow that Mergen shot at the order of Edige.
And when Edige was walking along the road another
time, he saw two men grabbing each other's collars
and fighting. Edige turned to them with the question:
"What is the name of this fight? To which one of them
replied: "I was a hunter, friend. I chased the fox from
morning to evening so desperately that I drove her to
exhaustion. Just then she ducked into a hole. When I
tried to open a hole, to get (a fox), this man did not
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
65
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
allow it, claimed that this was the fox that he
supposedly took care of. If you have any solution, then
tell a friend," he said with a plea. Edige said: - A male
fox, when he is overtaken by danger, immediately
scuttles into a hole. And the female fox guards the
burrow. She does not leave the vicinity of the burrow.
Dig in! If it turns out to be a male fox, then it will belong
to you, and if the fox you were chasing turns out to be
a female, then it will belong to your guardian," he said.
When they opened the hole, the fox turned out to be a
female, Edige gave the fox to the person who took care
of her.
When Edige was sitting at home, two women came to
him, leading a child by the hands. Edige said to them: -
Tell me what brought you. Then one of the women
replied: - It's been nine months since my three-year-old
child got lost and disappeared. It turned out that this
woman found this child of mine in another area and
supported him. Having heard this news from someone
else's mouth, I came there in search of my child. When
I arrived, I recognized my child. Even though I
recognized him, this woman does not give me my child.
Some people advised me to go to Edige for the
resolution of this lawsuit, claiming that he would judge
it fairly. Judge fairly, so that my child is given to me!
–
she begged. When Edige questioned them, both
women said with one voice: "I gave birth to him
myself." Edige handed both women one hand of the
child: "And since that's the case, I'll split it equally
between the two of you!" With these words, he was
about to strike the child's crown with his sword. Then
one of the women says to Edige: - There is a wisdom
that says: "Half of a child is not a child at all, and when
a diamond sword, without striking it, puts it back (in
the scabbard), it will not fit in the scabbard." Strike, my
lord. I agree with your decision," she says. Here
another woman, who was looking for her child, says:
"Rather than cut him in half in front of my eyes, it's
better to cut me," with these words she falls on the
child, puts her neck under the sword. At that moment,
Edige is struck by a lightning thought: "Oh, the child, it
turns out belongs to her," and then hands the child to
the woman who fell on him. Hence the proverb began
to exist: ! "Not a native child is not nice." And since
then, everyone who had even the slightest litigation
began to besiege Edige with their requests. [2,145-147]
(subscript translation)
The words of Edige, imbued with worldly wisdom and
didactic instructions, were widely spread among the
people, firmly embedded in the artistic fabric of the
epic. People liked his merits, the deeds he had done,
and the ability to skillfully settle all kinds of lawsuits.
That's why the people loved him and created an epic
about him. This alone shows how deeply Edige
occupies a place in the hearts of the Turkic peoples.
Edige is a great hero of the Turkic peoples, who ruled
the Golden Horde for a quarter of a century, used all his
strength and all his mind to strengthen his state, a
Volume 03 Issue 04-2023
66
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
04
Pages:
61-66
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
brave, wise, courageous man, whose merits, feats of
arms have become a byword. The people were very
fond of his achievements, merits, wise worldly
prudence. That's why the people loved him and
composed an epic about him. This alone clearly shows
how firmly the image of Edige has taken a place in the
heart of the Turkic peoples, what a grateful monument
has been erected to him forever in folk art.
REFERENCES
1.
Максетов К. Тажимуратов А.
Қ
ара
қ
алпа
қ
фольклоры
.
Н
ө
кис
.: 1979.
–
С
. 296-297
2.
Едиге. Н
ө
кис.: 1990.
3.
Ибн Арабшах. Амир Темур тарихи. –
Тошкент,1992,
-
С.163.
