Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
57
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
In the article, thoughts on the psychological characteristics of the development of moral concepts in adolescence are
put forward. In particular, the researches of world scientists regarding the development of moral concepts during
adolescence and scientific analyzes in this regard are presented. Also, research work was carried out in order to study
the development of moral concepts during adolescence.
KEYWORDS
Adolescence, morality, moral concept, moral consciousness, subjective morality, reflection, cognitive component,
moral component, aesthetic component, value, moral standard
INTRODUCTION
The individual essence of a person is manifested in
different forms, and these forms represent different
personal, individual levels of human existence,
universal existence. These levels are at the same time
the stages of the human spiritual world, the domain of
his acquisition of the spiritual experience of humanity.
In other words, becoming a subject of a person's own
life activity (the norms and methods of human activity,
procedures for living in society, mastering the meaning
and value of human coexistence) is a necessary
condition and basis for the formation of individual
morality.
Research Article
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF MORAL
CONCEPTS IN ADOLESCENT PERIOD
Submission Date:
February 07, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 12, 2023,
Published Date:
February 17, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue02-10
N. Oribjonova
Independent Researcher, Uzbekistan National University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
58
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
In his article "Subjective Moral Reality", V.I.
Slobodchikov
approaches
the
concept
of
"individuality" from the point of view of ethics. He
interprets this concept as "the growth of the quality of
spiritual life in the process of individualization, and this
process leads to the uniqueness and inimitability of a
person" [3].
In traditional psychology, the essence of a person is
explained through his actions and behavior. In this
case, the spiritual foundations of behavior were
included in the sphere of culture, and thus the true
essence of human reality was lost. Currently,
categories are being sought that can express human
morals and behavior not separately, but together. The
category of subjective existence can be shown as this
category. Subjectivity, which is the general principle of
the existence of subjective existence, manifests itself
in the practical and critical attitude of a person to his
life activity, and the highest expression of such an
attitude is reflection. Therefore, the phenomenon of
subjective existence should be at the center of the
study of human psychology and ethics.
The subjective activity of a person is manifested in the
voluntariness of his actions, behavior, activities, as well
as in the subjectivity of his attitude to his mental
images, things and people.
Morality paves the way for human self-improvement.
Self-improvement requires developing one's mental
and physical energy, eliminating one's shortcomings,
finding one's inner potential, and channeling it into
manifestation. Regular self-reflection with the help of
internal dialogue helps to determine one's capabilities
and how well these capabilities correspond to one's
goals and aspirations. It is this lack of confusion about
the balance of opportunities and goals that leads to a
person's ego and arrogance [2].
Identifying a disparity between a person's capabilities
and goals can increase a person's self-dissatisfaction.
Such dissatisfaction motivates a person to be active,
and dissatisfaction with the situation and conditions
motivates to act to change these situations and
conditions. In both cases, the person will have to
change himself or the circumstances. Activity in this
direction, on the one hand, is based on the existing
morality, and on the other hand, it enriches this
morality.
N.A. Koval describes ethics, its structures and most
important components in his study "The place of ethics
in the system of professional formation of a specialist".
He defines morality as a psychological phenomenon,
i.e., the manifestation of a person's needs and
motivations to reflect the surrounding reality through
universal values, assimilation and creation of new
moral values in the process of self-expression.
N.A. Koval shows three main components in the
structure of morality:
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
59
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
1. Component of knowledge (field of search for truth).
2. Moral component (seeking good and striving to
create).
3. Aesthetic component (pursuit of beauty).
1. Cognition, which is a component of morality, is
interpreted by N.A. Koval as a process directed to the
surrounding events and determining the place of a
person among them. At the core of knowledge are
higher mental functions, all features of the mind
(width, depth, flexibility, independence, criticality,
etc.), all features and forms of the intellect, including
reflection processes and creative activity [1].
The process of knowing is not always the
manifestation of morality. Knowledge occurs only
when a person strives to manifest himself on the basis
of moral and aesthetic standards that form the basis of
morality. The cognitive component includes the
methods of cognitive activity, the ability to perceive
the situation through spiritual values, to get to the
essence of things, to know their causes and
consequences, and to distinguish the most important
thing.
Knowledge is the leading element of the knowledge
component. However, knowledge should not be taken
as a given, but as a product of morality. The formation
of knowledge is connected with the possibilities of the
existing culture. These possibilities are diverse and
depend on the conditions of a dynamic and evolving
sociocultural situation. Therefore, both the transfer of
knowledge and the creation of new knowledge and its
assimilation depend on the activity of the subject of
knowledge.
2. The moral component of morality is manifested as
the degree of harmony of universal values in the mind
and behavior of a person. These values are not ready-
made in each concrete team, but are actively formed
by the team and the individual. Norms are manifested
in everyday life in the form of the unity of the highest
values of a person and the prohibition of actions that
contradict it. Moral values, which are a reflection of
society's morals, have their individual existence in the
mind of a person. It makes the person the subject and
bearer of these values, which become the spiritual
description of the person.
As stated above, a person is formed only through his
relationship with others. Therefore, spiritual growth
cannot be outside of the relationship to another
person who is the bearer of moral values. In addition,
treating another person as a bearer of moral values
helps a person to become more aware of his own
position in relation to these values.
Morality and immorality are studied in the science of
ethics, these concepts serve as a basis for each person
in the moral analysis of life events. Theoretical or
practical mastery of the foundations of ethics forms
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
60
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
the basis of ethics. Because they are a criterion for
evaluating one's own behavior and the behavior of
others. Therefore, the main elements of morality,
which is a component of morality, include, firstly,
universal values of a person, secondly, the
transformation of values and knowledge into beliefs,
and thirdly, the manifestation of individual activity and
behavior.
Spiritual and moral development of a person, raising
his attitude to the surrounding reality, to others, to
himself from materiality to spirituality is a combination
of these two stages.
Considering that the essence and basis of morality is
expressed in values, it becomes clear that the study of
psychological characteristics in the formation of
morals of adolescents should be started with the study
of psychological characteristics in the process of
acquiring values by them. The problem of values has
been thoroughly researched in world philosophy,
sociology, and psychology. Taking into account that
the problem of morality, including values, has been
covered in world philosophy and sociology in the
previous paragraphs, we found it necessary to
research the coverage of this problem in the science of
psychology in this section.
In the works of Russian psychologists A.N. Leontev and
V.F. Petrenko, N.A. Koval, the morality of a person is
interpreted as the degree of mutual harmony of
universal values in his mind and their transformation
into moral standards. The psychological basis of such
an interpretation is that these standards are not ready-
made in the mind of a person, but are formed in the
course of his intellectual and practical activity [3].
It should be noted that the moral qualities of a person
arise as a result of changes in the life of society. Or it is
inextricably linked with the level of awareness of the
influence of the social environment on the part of the
individual.
It is known that personality development is a complex
process. In particular, it determines the formation of
positive qualities related to the child's perception and
response to various influences on his personality. This
shows how many moral concepts are included in the
content. Therefore, the formation of moral concepts in
adolescents has a unique effect on their socialization in
society and interpersonal relations.
The formation of moral concepts during adolescence
has its own character, and we all know that most
teenagers act according to the situation without
understanding the moral rules. A feature that is
especially characteristic of them is the rules set by
adults on the child and their unconditional fulfillment.
Also, it is difficult for them to master the demands
imposed by the society. From this point of view, in
order to determine the level of formation of moral
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
61
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
concepts during adolescence, experimental tests were
carried out in a group of subjects.
In our research, we used the group ethics methodology
developed by A. Kohlberg in order to study the
formation of moral concepts in teenagers.
The goal of the methodology is to determine the moral
concepts
of
adolescents.
In
particular,
the
methodology consists of 11 questionnaires and serves
to determine whether adolescents have formed moral
concepts.
The research methodology was conducted in a group
of testers, and the results were analyzed in terms of
quantity and quality and were presented in tables.
Table 1
The level of development of moral concepts in teenagers
Testers
High
Medium
Low
80 people
43%
37%
20%
According to the results of the conducted
methodology, we were able to determine the
formation of the following ethical concepts.
According to the analysis of the results, moral concepts
are high in 43% of teenagers. It turned out that they
acquired their moral views mostly under the influence
of the people around them, that is, they assimilated
them as imitation. It is also important that one of the
features of this type of education is the manifestation
of the teacher's personality as an ideal. It should be
mentioned that the encouragement given by parents
on the basis of advice is especially important for this
age. At this age, if we emphasize the priority of
imitation in relation to peers, it is known that they learn
moral rules with the help of a group.
According to the results of the methodology, 20% of
teenagers have a low level, which differs from the fact
that their views on morality are somewhat understood,
that is, based on what they have heard. It can also be
explained by the increase in life experience and
knowledge in them. Especially by this period, the
teenager begins to gradually show his independence.
This, in turn, indicates a normative obedience to the
rules of ethics. It should be noted that both groups of
testers feel the priority of imitation in a certain sense.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
62
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
57-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
According to the results of the methodology, 37% of
teenagers have an average level of moral concepts. It
is distinguished by age-related development of mental
characteristics. Also, instead of saying all their things, it
is necessary to show it in reality and explain its cause
and effect. For this, it is necessary to teach teenagers
the practical aspect of it rather than telling it a
thousand times.
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1.
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М.: Знание, 1985,
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64с.
2.
Братусь Б.С. Возможна ли нравственная
психология // Человек. 1998.
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59с.
3.
Гусейнов А.А. Золотое правило нравственности.
М.: Молодая гвардия, 1988.
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