Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
40
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
40-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
At the core of the “elite education philosophy” is the idea of “selectivity” formed in the course of historical
development. The criterion of “philosophy of selectivity” was defined by Plat
o in the IV century BC and reads as
follows: “Philosophy is not inherent in the crowd” (State, 494 a). In the XX century, N.A. Berdyaev, while developing
this tradition, in his book “The Kingdom of Spirituality and the Kingdom of the Stubborn’, touched upo
n the problem
of the philosophy of choice and wrote: There are two kinds of philosophy - the philosophy of values and the philosophy
of profit. Value means quality, and in practice the philosophy of quantity prevails. This article discusses this.
KEYWORDS
Elite education, philosophy, selectivity, historical development, Plato, philosophy of profit, quality.
INTRODUCTION
Marxism is not a philosophy of values, but a philosophy
of utility. It is impossible to even talk about the
hierarchy of values with Marxists, because they cannot
even tolerate the question of value, they only
recognize necessity and utility. Contrary to the
philosophy of Marxism, Nietzsche’s philosophy is a
philosophy of values. For Nietzsche, man is the creator
of values first and foremost. Berdyaev’s main
conclusion sounds as follows: quality always acquires
an aristocratic character. Because of this, the
Research Article
IMPLICATIONS OF ELITE EDUCATION THEORY ON SOCIAL PROCESSES
Submission Date:
February 02, 2023,
Accepted Date:
February 06, 2023,
Published Date:
February 11, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue02-07
L.A. Kurbanova
Associate Professor, Doctor Of Philosophy Andijan State University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajsshr
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
41
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
40-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
philosophy of selection is a philosophy of values, a
philosophy of quality; philosophy of hierarchy. In our
opinion, the philosophy of selection is an elite
philosophy, and it is no exaggeration to say that it is an
elite philosophy.
That is why the focus of the philosophy of selectivity is
the problem of quality. It is a self-determining
philosophy of objective reality. “There is nothing
worse than a utilitarian
attitude to the truth,”
continues N. Berdyaev.
–
The truth is not a person’s
property, and it will not be right to justify it with the
benefit brought by the truth”. There are truths that
serve man, but there is also truth that man
himself/herself serves.
THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
The philosophy of selectivity is closely related to the
ideas of social and personal perfection [2.326]. The
religious and moral teachings of ancient great saints -
Buddha, Confucius, Pythagoras, etc. can be considered
as the founders of this philosophy. It is no
exaggeration to say that their “ethics of spiritual
perfection” laid the foundation for the anthropological
direction in elitology. Ancient philosophy (Heraclitus,
Socrates, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle) also made a
great contribution to the formation of this trend. The
representatives of this same philosophy (especially
Plato) also developed the main principles of social
elitology. Due to this, the philosophy of selectivity is
practically the methodological basis of elitology, and in
some cases (for example, elitpersonalism) it can even
act as its synonym.
In different times and in different peoples, elitology
was called by different names, but in its essence it
remained single and integral. It was considered both
the perfect knowledge of the chosen (elite) and the
knowledge of the elite itself. Because of this, we can
distinguish two stages in the development of elitology
as a science: 1) elitology is mainly an esoteric science,
that is, the period when it exists as knowledge known
to a small number of selected people, whom we call
the elite; 2) in this esoteric knowledge, the period in
which the independent teaching about its creators,
that is, the elite person (saint, prophet, genius, sage,
politician-king, etc.), as well as the elite itself, was
separated. Over time, this doctrine demanded a
separate study of this social stratum, and as a result,
the sociological and political science branches of
elitology appeared. Thus, from the point of view of
gradual development, elitology can be divided into the
initial and general form of special mysticism
–
“elitology of knowledge” and the science of the elite
itself
–
“elitology of the elite”. Because of this, the
history of the development of elitology is actually the
history of the development of the philosophy of
selection. Moreover, in the early period of the
formation of the philosophy of selectivity, the
boundaries of their subject fully coincided with each
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
42
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
40-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
other, which allows to describe the philosophy of
selectivity o
n the one hand as “elitist philosophy” and
on the other -
as “elite philosophy”.
So what is the basis of elite education itself? Here we
would like to draw attention to the problem of
“psychological distance” that arises and exists
between mass and elite types of social consciousness.
Special attention has been paid to this problem at all
times. For example, Heraclitus of Ephesus analyzed the
relationship between the individual and the crowd.
Moreover, the entire philosophy in the process of its
creative research appears as a product of the elite
mind, which is understandable only to this elite mind.
At this point, the words of Plato, the chief elitologist of
antiquity: “...philosophy is not peculiar to the crowd"
(State, 494a), because “those who are talen
ted in
philosophy are useless to the majority (crowd)” (Ibid.,
489b) come to mind involuntarily.
As we mentioned above, one of the theorists of elite
education theory or the philosophy of selection is Plato
[3. 133-138]. In his opinion, the personal value of such a
“philosopher
-
man”
(a
true
aristocrat
of
consciousness) is determined by the fact that he and
others like him “do not seek refuge in the path of
existence, as many people think, but the most
important thing for people is to achieve perfection and
maintain it throughout life”, they consider (rules,
707d). For this reason, the philosophy of selectivity can
be described as a set of theoretical foundations of all
cases related to the manifestation of “psychological
distance” in the hierarchy of moral
values of society.
The elitization of any consciousness begins with the
activation of the quality of the cognitive process, as
well as the emergence and definition of “psychological
distance” on this basis (many philosophers and
psychologists, for example, G. Lebon, K. Mannheim
and others wrote about this at different times). The
term “hierarchical personalism” can be particularly
useful in describing this process.
The main themes of the theory of elite education are:
1) analysis of the “psychological distance” that arises
and exists between mass and elite types of social
consciousness; 2) the question of the structural
structure of elite consciousness; 3) “elitopersonalism”,
that is, the problem of the chosen person and his/her
creative basis (N. Berdyaev); 4) the problem of spiritual
hierarchy (Plato’s “eidetic thinking” and Grigory
Nissky’s
“epignosis”;
5)
the
problem
of
“superpowerful man”
- studying the nature of genius
and sainthood; 6) “elitopedagogical” process, i.e.,
practical application of conclusions about the
elitogenesis of a certain person. If we look closely at
each of the above-mentioned theses, we can witness
that in all cases it is directly or indirectly a great
person's reflection on the nature of his wisdom. All this
forms the basis of elitism of consciousness and is the
subject of the philosophy of selection.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
43
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
40-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
The main principles of the doctrine of elitization of
consciousness can be found in Plato’s elite
-
pedagogical concept, the theory of educating an ideal
person.1 Plato understands the issue of elite selection
as a process of education that excludes the accidental
entry of “foreign elements” into the ranks of the elite.
The interpretation of Plato’s ideas in the spirit of the
philosophy of selectivity allowed the elite to acquire
only elite thinkers, that is, the three-syllable structure
of elitology (relevant knowledge), such as: 1) familiar
with the basic principles of the theory of elites; 2) is
considered a carrier of elite ideology; 3) it is
appropriate to include persons who have mastered the
main principles of the philosophy of selection. The
essence of the problem of false or quasi-elite is that the
subject of these “elites” usually does not know the
basics of the philosophy of selection.
Because of this, it is appropriate to look at elitology
first of all as “elite education or selectivity”, that is, to
approach it from the point of view of the analysis of
elite consciousness, and only then to take into account
the socio-political aspects of reality, which often do not
correspond to these initial data. With the last mention,
elitology goes directly to the problem of its own
importance - the problem of false or quasi-elitism, since
we can include about 90% of the “power elite” (mainly
bureaucratic “elite”) in this category, sin
ce it is the
main and reliable source of selection.
If the goals of education are inextricably linked with
the life goals of this society, since “understanding the
educational system of this society is equal to
understanding its way of life” (S.I. Gessen),
education
in a democratic society acquires a democratic
character, and in an aristocratic society - an aristocratic
character. On the other hand, certain elements of
aristocracy or democracy can exist in both democratic
and aristocratic social systems.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, in the conditions of the rule of democratic
way of thinking, the idea of aristocratic education
cannot contradict the core idea of this society. Elite
education in a democracy is as natural a phenomenon
as a mass school (“democratic”, “people’s” school) in
an oligarchic, authoritarian or totalitarian society. On
the contrary, in the conditions of a democratic system,
the existence of an elite education system in its
structural structure only promotes and promotes the
democratic principles of social reality. The transition of
these systems to each other does not undermine the
power of a certain system or “socio
-economic
formation”, but rather enriches it.
REFERENCES
1.
Berdyaev N.A. The Kingdom of the Spirit and
the Kingdom of Caesar.
–
Мoscow:, 1994. –
P.
318.
Volume 03 Issue 02-2023
44
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
(ISSN
–
2771-2141)
VOLUME
03
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
40-44
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2021:
5.
993
)
(2022:
6.
015
)
(2023:
7.
164
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
2.
Frank L.S. Spiritual foundations of society. -
Мoscow:,, 1992.
- 438-439-p .; Lossky N.O. God
and world evil.
–
Мoscow:, 1994. –
P. 326.
3.
Karabuschenko P.L. Elitology of Plato (ancient
aspects of the philosophy of chosenness).
–
Moscow
–
Astrakhan, 1998.
–
133
–
138-p.
4.
Plato.
State.-Moscow:
Contemporary
notebooks.2008.412-
416p; 53 535а
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