American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
49
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
49-52
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue02-11
Empirical study of the psychoemotional area of patients
with thyroid disease
Jumaniyozova Shakhnoza Rajabboy kizi
Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, Teacher of the Department of “General Psychology and Primary Education Pedagogy”, Uzbekistan
Received:
12 December 2024;
Accepted:
14 January 2025;
Published:
16 February 2025
Abstract:
This article presents a review of the impact of thyroid disease on the psychoemotional state of patients
in various research studies. In the study, 40 patients with thyroid disease and 40 healthy people were
administered the Giessen questionnaire, and the results were analyzed.
Keywords:
Psychological state, mental disorder, cognitive sphere, psychic factors, hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, subjective degree of illness, subjective malaise intensity, somatic disorders, depression, lethargy.
Introduction:
Today, thyroid disease is one of the most
common diseases. In addition to external factors,
psychological factors also play an important role in the
development of thyroid disease. Empirical studies of
the psychological state of patients with thyroid disease
are of great importance in medicine and psychology.
The disease affects the general condition of the patient,
including the physiological, cognitive, and mental state
[3]
The World Health Organization considers thyroid
disease as a global problem due to its widespread
prevalence today. Therefore, WHO pays special
attention to social and public health in order to reduce
the spread of thyroid disease. One of these methods is
to provide knowledge about thyroid disease, its
treatment, methods, and prevention among the
population, and to promote the widespread
dissemination of information [1].
WHO supports the development of measures to study
the medical and psycho-emotional state of patients
with thyroid disease, to expand treatment options. Our
study is also aimed at empirically studying the psycho-
emotional state of patients with thyroid disease [2].
Literature review
We have conducted many scientific studies and studies
devoted to the impact of thyroid disease on the psycho-
emotional state of a person. One of these researchers
was the Russian scientist S.P. Botkin, who in 1884
conducted the first scientific experimental work on
thyroid diseases and their psycho-emotional impact.
S.P. Botkin identifies possible changes in the mental
state
of
patients
with
hypothyroidism
and
hyperthyroidism.
Changes in the psychoemotional state of patients with
hypothyroidism:
- Depression and lethargy: depression, general
weakness in the div, a predominant feeling of fatigue,
low energy.
Changes in the psychoemotional state of patients with
hyperthyroidism:
- Anxiety and nervousness, a feeling of instability,
difficulties in self-control, etc.
Botkin
emphasized
the
importance
of
psychotherapeutic methods, mental recovery and
psychological support in the treatment of patients with
thyroid disease, along with special medications [6].
Another research work by scientists Grigoriev and
Pavlova devoted to the influence of thyroid diseases on
the human mental state, studying the psychological
disorders of the disease based on their experiences. In
the study of scientists, they determined and analyzed
the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on
the psychoemotional state of the patient, as a result of
which the patient's mood is depressed, anxious, and
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
depressed. According to the content of the study, the
researchers
found
that
in
patients
with
hypothyroidism, as a result of hormonal disorders, the
patient's tendency to constantly be depressed and
prone to depressive states is high, and as a result of the
disease, the overall energy of the div in patients is
low. As a result, depression prevails in the patient's
mental state.
Hyperthyroidism (increased thyroid function) can cause
various symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, frequent
mood swings, insomnia, and in some cases
hallucinations. In this type of thyroid disease, patients
may exhibit a rapid and aggressive mood [7]. The
studies of Grigoriev and Pavlova suggest the need for
medical, as well as psychological, support in thyroid
diseases.[7]
METHODOLOGY
This study was based on the analysis of the literature
studied and the scientific research works of E.A.
Grigoriev and Pavlova. In order to empirically study
patients, the Giessen questionnaire was administered
to 40 patients with thyroid disease and 40 healthy
people undergoing treatment at the Republican
Specialized Endocrinology Medical Center, and the
results were analyzed. This methodology was adapted
at the Bekhterev Institute of Psychoneurology. This
questionnaire determines the intensity of complaints
about emotional changes in a person’s mood. The
natural state of a person affects the emotional
stereotype of his behavior. This is the result of the
influence of somatics on the psyche. The opposite may
also be true, the emotional stereotype in a person
affects the internal experiences of a person in his
natural state.
The emotional stereotype of behavior affects the
perception of organic conditions. In medicine, there is
a concept called “Subjective level of illness”. Unlike the
objective manifestation of somatic disorders, the
subjective level indicates the emotional state of a
person’s health. Each sensation i
s accompanied by a
subjective feeling. The sum of such sensations
determines the intensity of subjective malaise.
RESULTS
The minimum score on the weakness scale is 13.00, the
maximum score is 36.00. The average value is 23.20.
The standard deviation is 5.82. The norm on this scale
was from 17 to 29 points. Asymmetry (A=.120) and
Excess (E=-.811) were . (Table 2)
The minimum score on the Stomach Complaints Scale
was 13.00, the maximum score was 32.00. The mean
value was 20.85. The standard deviation was 5.71. The
norm on this scale was from 15 to 27 points.
Asymmetry (A=.347) and Excess (E= -1.097) were.
(Table 2)
The minimum score on the Body Pain Scale was 13.00,
the maximum score was 33.00. The mean value was
23.58. The standard deviation was 5.80. The norm on
this scale was from 18 to 29 points. Asymmetry (A=-
.211) and Excess (E=-.851) were the scores. (Table 2)
The minimum score on the Heart Complaints Scale was
13.00, the maximum score was 30.00. The mean value
was 19.55. The standard deviation was 4.51. The norm
on this scale was from 15 to 24 points. Asymmetry
(A=.481) and Excess (E=-.393) were the scores. (Table
2)
The minimum score on the Pressure Complaints Scale
was 55.00, the maximum score was 119.00. The mean
value was 86.20. The standard deviation was 19.45. The
norm on this scale was from 67 to 106 points.
Asymmetry (A=.154) and Eccentricity (E=-1.253) were
the scores. (Table 2)
Descriptive statistics for the Giessen questionnaire
(n=40).
Table 2.
Num
ber
Minimum
Maximu
m
Average
value
Standard
deviation
Asymme
try
Excess
Weakness
40
13,00
36,00
23,20
5,82
,120
-,811
Stomach
complaints
40
13,00
32,00
20,85
5,71
,347
-1,097
Pain in various
parts of the div
40
13,00
33,00
23,58
5,80
-,211
-,851
Heart complaints
40
13,00
30,00
19,55
4,51
,481
-,393
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
Pressure
complaints
40
55,00
119,00
86,20
19,45
,154
-1,253
The compliance of the scales with the normal
distribution according to the Giessen questionnaire
was checked. According to the analysis of the results, it
was observed that the data on the fatigue scale
conformed to the law of normal distribution. (Z= 0.688;
p>0.05). It was observed that the data on the stomach
complaints scale conformed to the law of normal
distribution. (Z= 0.948; p>0.05). It was observed that
the data on the pain scale in various parts of the div
conformed to the law of normal distribution. (Z=0.611;
p>0.05). It was observed that the data on the heart
complaints scale conformed to the law of normal
distribution. (Z=0.723; p>0.05). It was observed that
the data on the pressure complaints scale conformed
to the law of normal distribution. (Z=0.902; p>0.05)
(Table 6)
The compliance of the methods with the law of normal
distribution was checked using the Kolmogorov-
Smirnov criterion (n=40)
Table 6.
Z
P
Weakness
0,688
,731
Stomach complaints
0,948
,329
Pain in various parts of the div
0,611
,850
Heart complaints
0,723
,673
Pressure complaints
0,902
,390
There was no gender difference in the level of
confidence on the weakness scale (t=-1.165; p>0.05).
This scale was the same in men and women. (Table 8)
There was no gender difference in the level of
confidence on the stomach complaints scale (t= 0.237;
p>0.05). This scale was the same in men and women.
(Table 8)
There was no gender difference in the level of
confidence on the pain scale in different parts of the
div (t=-0.935; p>0.05). This scale was the same in men
and women. (Table 8)
There was no gender difference in the level of
confidence on the heart complaints scale (t=-0.958;
p>0.05). This scale was the same in men and women.
(Table 8)
There was no gender difference in the level of
confidence on the pressure complaints scale (t= -0.667;
p>0.05). This scale was the same for men and women.
(Table 8)
Gender differences in the results of the Giessen
questionnaire (Student's test n= 40)
Table 8.
Gender
Num
ber
Average
value
Standard
deviation
T
p
Weakness
Male
4
20,00
5,60
-1,165
,251
Female
36
23,56
5,81
Stomach complaints
Male
4
21,50
5,51
0,237
,814
Female
36
20,78
5,80
Pain in various parts
Male
4
21,00
3,16
-0,935
,356
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
of the div
Female
36
23,86
5,98
Heart complaints
Male
4
17,50
1,73
-0,958
,344
Female
36
19,78
4,67
Pressure complaints
Male
4
80,00
15,25
-0,667
,509
Female
36
86,89
19,92
Female
36
41,67
6,09
CONCLUSION
From the study conducted on patients with thyroid
disease and healthy people, we can conclude that the
patients had higher scores on the Giessen Methodology
scales than healthy people. From this analysis, we can
say that thyroid diseases have a negative impact on the
psychoemotional state of the patient. It was also found
that the scores on the scales were the same in men and
women.
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