American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
PAGE NO.
28-30
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue02-06
Reducing the consequences of climate change: an
international and local experience
Shahina Narzullayevna Jorayeva
Teacher of the Department of Political Sciences of UzDJTU, Uzbekistan
Received:
09 December 2024;
Accepted:
11 January 2025;
Published:
13 February 2025
Abstract:
Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind directions, and other
climate parameters on the Earth's surface. This process is mainly accelerated by human activities, especially those
related to industrial production, agriculture and deforestation. Several initiatives are being implemented
internationally and domestically to mitigate the effects of climate change. In this article, it has been discussed
about reducing the consequences of climate change: an international and local experience.
Keywords:
Climate change, international experience, local experience, Paris agreement, Water Management,
Global warming, electric cars, etc.
Introduction:
In addition to Global warming, the
problem of climate change also includes the fact that
precipitation is not uniform, sometimes there is
dryness, and sometimes there is an increase in
precipitation at once, flooding areas. What is actually
the cause of climate change?
In the 19th century, scientists discovered that certain
gases retain heat from the Earth, and without their
help, this heat escapes into the universe. The main role
in this process is played by carbon dioxide: without it,
the planet would have turned into a frozen desert. In
1896, an increase in temperature on the planet was
first predicted due to an increase in greenhouse gas
concentrations. Today, their number in the
atmosphere has increased by 43% compared to the
period before the Industrial Revolution, and the
average temperature of the Earth has increased to the
value predicted by scientists.
Scientists say that in the next 25-30 years the climate
will get warmer and the weather conditions will
become more severe. Coral reefs and other vulnerable
habitats have already begun to disappear. If
greenhouse gas emissions continue to spread
uncontrollably into the atmosphere, scientists are
afraid that this will have serious long-term
consequences: these are such consequences as a
violation of World Order, large-scale migration, the
acceleration of the sixth mass extinction of plants and
animals in Earth's history, melting glaciers, rising sea
levels and flooding most of the coastal cities of the
world. The gases that pose these risks are now taking
their toll, and this is an opportunity for our generation
to nod about the deep moral questions that lie before
us.
The Paris agreement was signed on 12 December 2015
in Paris, France, with the participation of 196 countries,
and is one of the most important international
agreements made to strengthen, reduce and adapt to
the global fight against climate change. The agreement
was developed under the United Nations Permanent
Committee on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and set a
number of specific goals to address global climate
change. The main goal of the agreement is to prevent
global average temperatures above 2°C compared to
1880. It is also argued that this increase should seek to
limit it to 1.5°C. To avoid the most dangerous
consequences of climate change, it is required to
reduce temperature growth as much as possible.
The Paris Agreement assigns states to define and
implement their own climate response strategies. Each
state must submit its National Climate Action Plans
(NDC - Nationally Determined Contributions) and plan
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
through them to implement climate protection,
emissions reduction, transition to renewable energy,
and other important goals. These plans must be
renewed and strengthened every three years, which
means that states must try to increase their
contribution obligations on a regular basis. The
agreement focused heavily on major areas of carbon
emissions reduction, including the abandonment of
fossil fuels and the development of green energy
sources. The Paris Agreement, at the same time,
provides for the financial and technological support
necessary for developing countries to fight and adapt
to climate change. As of 2020, wealthy countries have
committed to providing $ 100 billion annually to
developing nations.
The settlement also plays an important role in climate
adaptation activities. The Paris Agreement aims to
ensure that necessary measures are taken not only to
reduce emissions, but also to adapt to the
consequences of climate change. This includes the
development of strategies needed to prevent natural
disasters, make effective use of Water Resources,
combat drought, and preserve other ecosystems. In
addition, the Paris agreement also indicates the need
to establish monitoring and monitoring of the activities
of states. Each state must show that it follows the
agreement, that is, by regularly reporting how it fulfills
its contribution plans. For this, a transparent
monitoring system and a robust monitoring mechanism
have been introduced.
Despite the fact that the Paris Agreement is an
important document that unites all states to fight
global climate change, there are also some problems.
For example, differences between developed and
developing countries and inequalities in the
implementation of the agreement. While developed
nations are willing to provide more financial and
technological support, there are concerns that these
funds are insufficient for some developing countries.
Also, some countries are facing economic difficulties to
fully implement their climate policy.
The U.S., however, was an important participant in the
Paris Agreement and withdrew from the agreement in
2017 by a decision of President Donald Trump. But in
2021, new president Joe Biden reversed this decision
and reintroduced the United States to the Paris
Agreement. This, in turn, means requiring even more
action to combat climate change on a global scale.
However, the general conclusion is that the Paris
Agreement is a document that has raised high hopes
for reducing and adapting to global climate change. It is
important that each state sets and implements its own
contribution plans based on its circumstances and
capabilities. Although there are some obstacles, this
agreement is certainly a big step in combating climate
change.
Much attention is paid to the development of green
energy and renewable energy in Uzbekistan. Several
projects are being implemented in the country to
develop sources such as solar and wind power. Within
the framework of Uzbekistan's Climate Adaptation
Strategy, such goals as increasing the volume of solar
energy production, accelerating the transition to
renewable energy sources, and increasing energy
efficiency are established. Currently, the largest solar
projects are being implemented in Uzbekistan. The
share of renewable energy sources in the country is
being increased through projects such as "Sirdarya
Solar Power Plant" and "Navoi solar power plant" built
in Samarkand region in 2021. According to the strategic
plan of Uzbekistan, by 2030, the share of renewable
energy sources in total energy production is expected
to reach 25%.
Another important area that Uzbekistan is pursuing in
the fight against climate change is the awareness and
education of the population. The government of
Uzbekistan is conducting various propaganda activities
on the impact of climate change and the fight against
it. The country pays great attention to providing
environmental education, increasing environmental
awareness of the population, involving young people in
climate issues and developing scientific and Technical
Research and innovation. Uzbekistan attaches great
importance to strengthening international cooperation
in combating climate change. The country, together
with the UN, the World Bank, the European Union and
other international organizations, carries out a number
of projects to combat and adapt to climate change.
Uzbekistan is also actively involved in global climate
agreements and initiatives.
The bitter truth is that people, sometimes without
realizing it, are already experiencing the consequences
of climate change. For example, about 83,000 residents
of New York and New Jersey were affected by sea level
rise at the time of Hurricane Sandy, which scientists
believe would not have occurred in a stable climate.
Tens of thousands of people are already dying as a
result of heat waves exacerbated by global warming.
The influx of refugees destabilizes the political situation
around the world
—
in part due to climate change. Of
course, the first and most severe blow, as in other
socially significant problems, is taken by the poor.
Humanity has not taken any action for a long time, so,
according to scientists, now the situation is not
promising. But as long as there is fossil fuel on Earth, it
is still not too late to move. Atmospheric heating only
comes to a potentially manageable indicator when
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to zero. Good
news: as a result of programs such as automotive fuel
economy standards, serious building regulations, and
emission limits for power plants, the amount of gas
emissions is now decreasing in many countries. But
experts are of the opinion that in order to avoid the
worst consequences of climate change, it is necessary
to significantly accelerate the transition to renewable
energy sources.
The lowest renewable energy sources include wind
turbines, solar panels, hydroelectric plants and nuclear
power plants. Natural gas-fired power plants also emit
less gas emissions than coal-burning ones. The
transition to renewable energy sources can be costly in
the short term, but in the long term, all investments are
justified by compensating for climate damage and
reducing air pollution-related diseases. The expansion
of the renewable energy market will reduce their cost,
and as a result, Clean Energy will be cheaper than
"dirty" energy produced in several countries of the
world.
The transition to clean energy would damage certain
industries, such as coal companies, but would also
create new jobs. For example, the US solar industry
now employs twice as many people as the coal mining
industry.
Electric cars are powered from the power grid at night
and do not pollute the environment, moving around
the city during the day. They are much more efficient
than combustion engine vehicles and serve progress
even when the electricity required for recharging
comes from burning coal. Of course, electric vehicles
will be invaluable only when charged with clean energy.
The electrical engineering industry is developing so
rapidly that some countries are discussing a ban on the
sale of cars with internal combustion engines from
2030.
CONCLUSION
The most important lesson learned in combating
climate change based on international and local
experiences is that in order to reduce and adapt to
climate change, it is necessary to harmonize global
cooperation and national policies. While international
experience, such as the Paris Agreement, has provided
states with cohesion in setting their commitments and
implementing climate strategies, local experience
includes specific measures such as developing
renewable energy in countries such as Uzbekistan,
water conservation, and agricultural modernization.
International cooperation is particularly important in
providing technological and financial assistance to
developing countries. At the local level, measures such
as the effective use of resources, the introduction of
innovative technologies and the increase of
environmental awareness of the population play an
important role in climate adaptation. However, both
experiments require states to develop clear and
effective policies, as well as adapt to economic and
social conditions, to reduce the negative consequences
of climate change.
REFERENCES
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC). (2015). Paris Agreement: United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
[Online] Available at: https://unfccc.int
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
(2017). National Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation
and
Adaptation.
[Online]
Available
at:
https://www.gov.uz
World Bank. (2020). Uzbekistan Climate Change and
Energy Transition Report. [Online] Available at:
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uzbekistan
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on
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[Online] Available at: https://www.cop21paris.org
Global Environment Facility (GEF). (2020). Climate
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[Online]
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https://www.thegef.org
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