American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
95
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue04 2025
PAGE NO.
95-97
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue04-20
Enlightened Prosecutor-Justice Through Compassion and
Understanding
Sultonov Oybek Sultonboyevich
Deputy head of the Department of the General prosecutor’s office of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of philosophy (PhD) law,
Uzbekistan
Received:
15 February 2025;
Accepted:
14 March 2025;
Published:
12 April 2025
Abstract:
One such devoted and people-oriented figure, a prominent representative of his time, and a significant
contributor to 20th-century literature as a writer, translator, and legal defender, is Mirzo Kakanbay AbduKholikov.
Keywords:
Law, history, prosecutor, lawyer, writer, translator, legal defender, Mirzo Kakanbay AbduKholikov,
“JizzaKh Uprising”, “Tog Kizi”
.
Introduction:
History is a lesson
. That is why looking
back at the past is considered beneficial. A deeper
study of the historical pages of the early 20th century
continues to reveal new names in the field of
prosecution
—
figures who courageously fought to
protect public interests and upheld justice. One such
devoted and people-oriented figure, a prominent
representative of his time, and a significant contributor
to 20th-century literature as a writer, translator, and
legal defender, is Mirzo Kakanbay AbduKholikov.
Mirzo Kakanbay was born on September 10, 1869, in
the city of Kokand. His real name was Abdulhak, but his
family affectionately called him Kakanbay in reference
to his birthplace. Over time, this name became so
widely recognized that it was even recorded in official
documents as Kakanbay AbduKholikov.
After completing his studies at a traditional school, he
spent two to three years in a madrasa before
graduating from the fourth grade of a Russian
educational institution in the city. During his time at the
madrasa, he diligently studied Arabic and Persian, while
at the Russian school, he mastered the Russian
language. Additionally, through independent study and
various sources, he achieved fluency in Turkish.
Between 1891 and 1893, while living in Moscow,
Kakanbay’
s proficiency in Russian was put to the test.
During this period, he sought the release of his
imprisoned relative, Mamadaminboy. Thanks to his
persistence, he succeeded in securing his relative’s
freedom and personally delivered the official letter to
Samarkand. This marked his first appearance as a
defender of justice.
Although he initially pursued a career as a translator,
fate led him into the judicial and legal sphere. He began
working as a translator in Samarkand’s judicial and
administrative institutions in 1893. Later, from August
12, 1908, until 1918, he served in the office of the chief
of Samarkand Uyezd.
In 1916, he personally attended the trials of
participants in the JizzaKh Uprising, where he openly
exposed the colonial and inhumane nature of Tsarist
Russia’s policies. He documented these events in his
memoir-novella JizzaKh Uprising, presenting vivid
descriptions based on real-life incidents.
After the establishment of Soviet rule, figures like
Kakanbay
Abdukholikov
—
highly
educated,
experienced, and fluent in Russian
—
became invaluable
to the Bolsheviks. As a result, he was initially employed
as a translator and later appointed as an investigator in
the
Prosecutor’s
Office
under
the
People’s
Commissariat of Justice of Uzbekistan.
According to documents from the National Archive of
Uzbekistan, from 1920, Kakanbay served as the senior
investigator of the Zarafshan district, and between
1924 and 1927, he worked as an investigator in the
Bukhara Prosecutor’s Office. On September 10, 1925,
following the order of the Prosecutor of the People's
Commissariat of Justice of the Uzbek SSR, he conducted
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
investigations against volost and village executive
committees in Nurota Uyezd for illegally levying taxes.
Kakanbay AbduKholikov served in the Prosecutor
’s
Office under the Ministry of Justice of the Uzbek SSR for
nine years. He was closely ackuainted with Uzbek Jadid
intellectuals, particularly being a close friend of
MahmudKhoja Behbudi, with whom he collaborated in
the “Oyna” journal. Other sources indi
cate that in 1927,
when the leader of the Tashkent Jadids, Munavvarkari
AbdurashidKhonov,
visited
Samarkand,
local
intellectuals organized a bankuet in his honor at
Kakanbay’s home. Notable figures such as Vadud
Mahmud, Chulpon, and Munavvarkari attended the
gathering. Additionally, it was later discovered that
Chulpon lived in Kakanbay’s residence for some time.
Due to these associations and contributions, scholars
have recognized him as an enlightened Jadid
intellectual.
Kakanbay AbduKholikov was arrested on November 18,
1931, due to his connections with the Jadids. However,
demonstrating resilience and determination, he
defended himself during the investigation, insisting on
his innocence and rejecting all accusations as baseless.
As a result, he was released on April 9, 1932.
Nevertheless, those 77 days left him with lasting and
terrifying memories. Among literature enthusiasts,
Kakanbay AbduKholikov was renowned as a writer,
translator, and educator. He is recognized as one of the
pioneers of the novel and memoir genres in Central
Asian literature. Throughout his life, he authored works
such as “Namoz Shaykasi” (a novel depicting the
struggle between reformist Jadids and conservative
religious figures), “Tog Kizi” (a historical novel about a
courageous mo
untain girl fighting for justice), “JizzaKh
Uprising” (a memoir detailing the 1916 anti
-colonial
revolt against Tsarist Russia), “Istadjon” (a social novel
eKhploring traditional customs and women's rights),
and “Blood Drips from the Whip” (a short story
exposing the brutality of colonial oppression), along
with numerous journalistic and historical stories and
essays. These works demonstrate his dedication to
literary activity in his later years and his ability to
achieve great artistic heights in a short period. Despite
his literary contributions, many of his works remained
unpublished, preserved as manuscripts in personal
archives. In addition to his literary talents, Kakanbay
AbduKholikov was a skilled translator, fluent in Arabic,
Turkish, Persian, and Russian. In the mid-1920s, when
translating
Russian-language
teKhtbooks
and
educational materials into local languages became a
priority, he actively contributed by translating biology,
anthropology, zoology, and botany teKhtbooks into
Uzbek and Tajik. From 1928, he worked as a translator
for the Central Office of the All-Union Construction
Workers’ Trade Union in Uzbekistan. In 1932, he
became a member of the Samarkand branch of the
Uzbekistan Scientific Workers’ Union. In 1934, he
actively participated in the development of Tajik
terminology. By 1941, he was accepted into the Tajik
Writers’ Union.
Mirzo Kakanbay’s manuscripts were primarily written
in three languages: Persian-Tajik, Uzbek, and Russian,
utilizing Arabic, Cyrillic, and Latin scripts. There is also
evidence indicating that the author had eKhceptionally
beautiful handwriting. The title page, inscribed in Mirzo
Kakanbay’s elegant script, contains a poem titled “The
Plot of the History of the Restoration of the Minaret of
the Mirzo Ulugbek Madrasa
”, which most likely reflects
his inclination toward poetry. He spent the final years
of his life with his second wife, Anna Karpovna, in his
house located in the Bogishamol district of Samarkand,
which has been preserved to this day.
Kakanbay AbduKholikov had two sons and two
daughters. According to official records, the writer
passed away in 1948 and was buried in the Shohizinda
Cemetery
in
Samarkand.
Although
Kakanbay
Abdukholikov is no longer alive, his ideas endure. The
successors of such an outstanding individual, who
dedicated his life to the well-being of his people, have
continued to contribute significantly to the
development of the nation. Farid Abbasovich
AbduKholikov, who worked for many years in
Uzbekistan's prosecution system, inherited his
gr
andfather Mirzo Kakanbay’s legacy in the field of law.
Farid Abbasovich Abdukholikov was born on May 27,
1935, in Samarkand. After graduating from the
Tashkent State Law Institute in 1956, he began his
career in the prosecution field as a trainee at the
Sa
markand City Prosecutor’s Office. He was later
appointed as an investigator in the same office.
Between 1959 and 1983, he served as a prosecutor in
the investigation department of the regional
prosecutor’s office and held various responsible
positions in the Samarkand Regional Party Committee.
He also worked as the Samarkand City Prosecutor and
later as the Prosecutor of Samarkand Region.
Additionally, he chaired the regional chess federation
and contributed as a public correspondent for regional
newspapers.
Another
descendant
who
has
inherited
his
grandfather’s dedication to enlightenment is Firdavs
Fridunovich Abdukholikov
—
a prominent public figure,
Doctor of Philosophy in Art Studies, media manager,
film and television producer, publisher, and author of
books and academic articles. As the chairman of the
World Society for the Study, Preservation, and
Popularization of Uzbekistan’s Cultural Heritage, he
leads research on rare artifacts preserved in various
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
museums and private collections worldwide.
We would like to conclude our discussion on Mirzo
Kakanbay AbduKholikov with the words of scholar and
public figure Naim Karimov FotiKhovich
—
an Honored
Scientist of Uzbekistan, a full member of the Academy
of Sciences of Uzbekistan, and a Doctor of Philology:
“Mir
zo Kakanbay AbduKholikov, whose life and
creative work we are just beginning to eKhplore, was
one of the enlightened figures who lived in Samarkand
at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Unlike his
fellow writers, he served as a translator in the offices of
the Tsarist administration, where he personally
witnessed the oppression of the local population and
the violation of their rights under colonial rule. He
vividly depicted the brutal consekuences of this
colonial policy in his literary and memoir works. This
alone, in our opinion, rightfully places him among the
ranks of Samarkand’s prominent enlighteners,
alongside figures such as Mahmudhoja Behbudi,
Sadriddin Ayni, Abdukodir Shakuri, Hoji Muin, and Said
Rizo”.
(Taken from the newspaper “Hurriyat”,
2009.)
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