Vol. 5 No. 04 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 04

Sufism has developed since the early centuries of Islamic history. Among its founders are figures like Hasan al-Basri, Rabia al-Adawiyya, and Bayazid al-Bistami. Later, Sufism was further developed by great mystics such as Imam al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, and Jalaluddin Rumi. In Central Asia, individuals like Ahmad Yasawi, Bahauddin Naqshband, and Alisher Navoi played a significant role in advancing Sufism through their important written works.  

This article aims to identify, analyze and propose systematic approaches to the main elements of the structure of the process of developing professional identity in primary school teachers. During the study, the factors of teachers' professional growth, meeting modern educational requirements, personal development and strengthening professional identity were studied in depth. The article, based on theoretical foundations and practical experience, identifies the structure of the process and develops strategies for effectively organizing teachers' work and supporting their professional growth.

This article explores the semantic field of questions within dialogic discourse, a dynamic and significant area of study in contemporary linguistics. It examines the various types of questions employed in conversation, highlighting their structural and functional differences. Special attention is given to both linguistic and extralinguistic factors that influence the pragmatic interpretation of interrogative sentences. The study also emphasizes the importance of the situational basis in question-answer exchanges, illustrating how context and speech situation shape communicative intent. Examples are provided to support the analysis and to demonstrate how these factors operate in real-life dialogue.

Observation of everyday life and numerous studies show that over the last two decades, communication between people has increasingly moved to the sphere of social media (World Economic Forum, 2015). This also applies to the practice of using these platforms by the authorities, which implement their strategies of influencing citizens (European Commission, n.d.). However, current technological solutions create different conditions for communication than before (OECD, 2021). In this article, the authors present an analysis of the communication process between the authorities and society in Uzbekistan - a country that is undergoing a process of political transformation after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The subject of the study was social media, which is the main channel of communication in the modern world. The analysis covers the years 2023-2024, and the primary data was collected in the form of an online survey and interviews with a questionnaire based on two groups: users of a popular news portal and representatives of central and regional authorities.

The study results indicate:

- a fundamental discrepancy between the expectations of citizens (public opinion) in contemporary Uzbekistan and the media activities currently implemented by the authorities of this country;

- limited or low effectiveness of the content and the way it is presented, in particular the deficiency of such aspects as the attractiveness of the content (its usefulness, importance for the recipient) and the transparency of the message (providing sources, credibility);

- confirm the principle known in the literature that in order for the authorities to influence society in order to engage it, it is necessary to build trust.

This article presents the results of an empirical study of the characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents based on the types of violence they experience. An analysis of the results is conducted, and conclusions are presented.

This article provides information about the formation of adolescents' gender characteristics in the family, gender concepts, gender views and gender stereotypes. In addition, the formation of the social role of adolescents in the family and the gender characteristics that affect it are highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on issues of gender equality in our country and abroad. The negative and positive impact of gender stereotypes in various aspects of social life and related issues are described.

The given article deals with the problems of analysing humans nature in Uzbek literature, individual peculiarities of author’s work, artistic skills. The work of A. Oripov and M. Yusup were taken as an object of theoretical and literary analyse.

This article examines the works of Shah and poet Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur's "Baburnama" and the renowned writer Khayriddin Sultan's "Baburiynama" in a textual-comparative aspect. Their common points are analyzed.

This article investigates the cultural and social significance of folk musical instruments in ancient human societies. It examines how traditional instruments were used not only for entertainment but also in rituals, religious ceremonies, communication, and everyday life. Drawing on archaeological findings and historical records, the study highlights the symbolic meanings attributed to various instruments and their role in expressing communal identity and spiritual beliefs. The article also emphasizes how music, through folk instruments, served as a means of preserving oral history and transmitting cultural values across generations.

This article explores the historical and cultural processes that led to the formation and development of the Uzbek Folk Instruments Orchestra. It highlights the significant role of national traditions, musical heritage, and prominent composers and performers in shaping the orchestra. The study also discusses the evolution of orchestration techniques, the inclusion of various traditional instruments, and the integration of folk melodies into orchestral arrangements. Special attention is given to the influence of Soviet-era reforms and educational institutions in institutionalizing the orchestra. The article concludes by analyzing the modern state of Uzbek folk orchestras and their contribution to preserving and promoting the nation’s musical identity.

This article examines dialectical methods that play an extremely important role in medicine, especially the study human body in its functional state.

Throughout human history, music has been not only an artistic phenomenon but aslo an object of philosophical thought. Its nature, functions, and influence on consciousness and sociyeti have intrigued philosophers from ancient times to the present day. This article analyzes the main philosophical concepts related to music, its status, aesthetic aspects, its connection with aesthetics, and its role in shaping cultural and moral values. Special attention is given to the impact of music on worldview formation, its significance in cultural and personal development, and the philosophy of Eastern music.

This article explores the role of educational technologies in fostering the moral and ethical development of students. With the integration of digital tools in education becoming increasingly prevalent, the study highlights how technological innovations can be harnessed to build ethical reasoning, empathy, and social responsibility among learners. Drawing on relevant literature, case studies, and practical implementations, this paper examines strategies, challenges, and recommendations for effectively embedding ethical education into modern learning environments.

This article investigates the expansion of BRICS and its implications for India’s geopolitical position and foreign policy. The article focuses on the formal adoption of the BRICS+ model at the 2023 Johannesburg Summit, where six new nations—Saudi Arabia, Iran, the UAE, Egypt, Argentina, and Ethiopia—were invited to join the bloc. India’s approach to this expansion is analyzed through its doctrine of strategic autonomy, which emphasizes cautious engagement, consensus-driven decision-making, and the preservation of BRICS as a platform for the Global South. While India supports the enlargement for enhancing regional cooperation and energy security, it is cautious about the increasing influence of China within the bloc. The article further examines India’s strategic interests, including energy security, financial multipolarity, and climate cooperation, and discusses the potential risks and opportunities resulting from the inclusion of new BRICS members. The analysis reveals that India’s participation in BRICS+ is driven by a pragmatic desire to ensure a balanced and inclusive global order while countering the dominance of any single power. Ultimately, India’s involvement in the BRICS expansion reflects its broader ambitions of advancing South-South cooperation and shaping a more equitable international system in the context of an increasingly multipolar world.  

This article analyzes the possibilities of compound word formation in Uzbek dialects. In this article, the skills of dialect representatives to form new words are evaluated through selected examples. Also, through factual examples, it is proven that the principles of nominativeness in Uzbek dialects are universal with other languages.  

This article is dedicated to the development of the service sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years. The article analyzes the country’s service sector, its key industries (trade, tourism, transport, finance), and their contribution to economic growth. It also examines the impact of state-reforms and political and economic stability on the service sector. The article presents the growth rate of Uzbekistan's service sector, its contribution to the national economy, and the prospects for future development, as well as strategies for the sector’s advancement.  

Workplace stress is a growing concern in organisations worldwide, affecting employee productivity, job satisfaction, and overall organisational performance. By examining how workplace stress affects the performance of the National Water and Sewerage Corporation in Mbale, Uganda and how levels of stress among employees relate to productivity and how well the organisation works. The research explores key stressors such as heavy workloads, job insecurity, poor working conditions, and organisational culture, assessing their effects on employee morale and efficiency. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with NWSC employees, the study identifies significant correlations between high stress levels and reduced work output, increased absenteeism, and lower job commitment. The findings indicate that unmanaged stress negatively impacts service delivery and customer satisfaction, ultimately hindering the organisation’s overall performance. The study recommends employee wellness programmes, workload balancing, and stress management initiatives to improve workplace well-being and enhance productivity. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on workplace stress management in public utility organisations, highlighting the need for proactive strategies to foster a healthy and high-performing workforce.

The results show a clear negative link between high stress at work and how productive the organisation is, indicating that more stress leads to lower efficiency and worse employee morale. These findings are especially important in healthcare, as knowing how stress and performance interact can help develop ways to support employee well-being, which in turn improves service quality. The study's implications go beyond just the National Water and Sewerage Corporation, suggesting that other healthcare organisations might gain from introducing specific measures to reduce stress, which could boost overall performance and make work environments healthier. This research highlights the importance of organisational policies that focus on mental health as a key element affecting both individual and team performance results.  

Corruption in local governments is a pervasive problem that undermines democracy, erodes public trust, and impedes socio-economic development. It manifests in various forms, including bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and misuse of public resources. Addressing this issue is vital for creating transparent, accountable, and efficient governance systems. While various strategies have been proposed and implemented to combat corruption at the local level, these efforts are not without their challenges. One of the most persistent challenges that local governments face is corruption, which not only impedes growth but also undermines trust and makes inequality worse. The closeness of local governments to their constituents and the limited control tools available to them make them particularly susceptible to corruption as the grassroots governments responsible for providing critical services.

Within the context of African regional case studies, this article explores key strategies to combat corruption in local governments, highlighting their potential benefits and the obstacles they face through the adoption of desk research as secondary data sources to include government reports, academic journals, policy briefs, and non-governmental organization (NGO) publications, were reviewed to gather evidence on anti-corruption measures.

 Consequently, the article further investigates critical tactics that include the building of institutions, the participation of communities, the acceptance of technology advancements, and the reform of legal systems with emphasis on prioritizing education, strengthening institutions, and fostering collaboration, the vision of transparent and accountable local governance can become a reality. With determination and innovation, societies can overcome the scourge of corruption and build a brighter future for all.

This study explores the differences in science communication through social media and traditional press outlets, with a focus on gender and discipline-related disparities. The study analyzes how scientists from various fields of study, and of different genders, are represented in public science communication. By utilizing content analysis of articles, posts, and press releases from various media outlets, the research highlights how visibility in science communication differs between male and female scientists and how these differences vary across scientific disciplines. The results suggest significant disparities in both gender representation and disciplinary focus, which can influence public engagement with science and perceptions of scientific authority.  

This article examines practical techniques for translating English idiomatic expressions into Uzbek, using examples from “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.” It highlights how the rich use of idioms and set phrases in the novel tests the skill of the translator and explores the solutions employed. We analyze how some idioms in the text are rendered with equivalent Uzbek idioms, while others are handled through contextual explanation or other strategies when direct equivalents are absent.  

The creation of pottery exemplifies a profound interplay between form and functional design, where utility and aesthetic appeal are inextricably linked. This article explores this harmonious union, detailing how the intended purpose of ceramic objects fundamentally shapes their physical structure. Beyond basic practicality, it examines how artistic considerations of form, material properties, and cultural contexts further influence design. Expanding on this foundation, the article delves into the significant role of ergonomics, the integration of pottery within sets, and the impact of technological advancements on both form and function. Furthermore, it highlights the increasing importance of sustainability and the often-overlooked functional dimension of emotional connection. Finally, the discussion extends to the crucial role of ornamentation and surface treatments, demonstrating how decoration can enhance usability, communicate information, and reflect cultural significance, thereby further bridging the aesthetic and practical aspects of ceramic design. The enduring appeal of pottery lies in this multifaceted integration, creating objects that are both useful and meaningful.  

Sensory aphasia is an area that has not yet been researched in the Uzbek language. This article analyzes the results of an experiment conducted on two participants with sensory aphasia whose native language is Uzbek. In accordance with A. Luria's classification, impairments in object naming and repetition skills were observed. Due to the absence of significant differences in acoustic-phonological differentiation, the necessity for conducting further experiments is highlighted.  

This work highlights the importance of independent activities and intellectual games in developing competencies of primary school students. It analyzes modern pedagogical approaches, particularly the role of interactive methods and didactic games in developing independent thinking, creativity, and the ability to apply knowledge in practice among younger students. The study demonstrates, through examples, methods to increase students' interest in learning, enliven the lesson process, and encourage their active participation. Additionally, teachers are provided with effective methodological recommendations for organizing independent work in primary grades.  

The harmony of the transformation of social ideas with national and universal values in the democratic development of New Uzbekistan is revealed through analytical conclusions that the reforms being carried out by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to build "New Uzbekistan - the Third Renaissance" are carried out through the following social ideas: "Human interests are above all else", "The people are the only source of state power", "The people should serve our people, not state bodies", "Society is the initiator of reforms", "From national revival to national advancement", "The state is for the people".  

This article analyzes the psychological study of aggressive states in adolescents, the formation and manifestation of aggressive behavior at certain stages of personality development, and gender characteristics.  

The COVID-19 pandemic brought added complexities for global organizations, managing uncertainty, dealing with rapid changes, and motivating people in a crisis. In what follows, we analyze how Netflix, Peloton, and Zoom used dynamic capabilities, contingency theory, and transformational leadership to redefine crisis leadership and turn disruption into growth. These organizations, employing effective leadership, innovative pivots, and strategic investments, managed to not just survive but thrive during the pandemic. In other cases, AMC Theatres, JCPenney, and Neiman Marcus did not adapt and struggled during the pandemic, demonstrating an acute absence of contextually tailored leadership strategies. The analysis highlighted agility, relational emphasis, and aligned visionary leadership within partnering organizations. This analysis builds those perspectives into rich actionable implications for theory and practice, warning about future leaders who lack the academic depth, yet the flexibility of approach needed in times of crisis.  

This article explores the role of religion in modern society through the lens of the tension between tradition and secularization. Special attention is given to current processes of secularization prompted by scientific development, globalization, urbanization, and digital technology. It examines opposing trends such as the revival of religious practices and the strengthening of religious identity, particularly in Uzbekistan. The study also investigates potential conflicts between religious traditions and modern secular views, and concludes by proposing pathways toward the peaceful coexistence of traditional values and secular worldviews in a rapidly evolving society.  

The current study attempts to reveal a topic related to Arabic grammar and modern linguistics, which is the issue of syntactic conjunction in the context of the case. This research seeks to highlight the great importance of the conjunction clue; as it plays a pivotal role in the survival and continuity of the language through the function it performs in linking adjacent linguistic units in an endless continuous sequence. It is therefore the starting point for understanding the structure of any human language, and then this clue is strengthened more clearly by linking it between conjunction and context of the case to show the relationship between grammar and social linguistics.

This study proceeds according to the descriptive analytical approach that is based on monitoring the phenomenon chosen for the research and tracking its presence in grammar books. This is represented in tracking the presence of grammatical context issues, collecting those issues and studying them analytically.  

This paper introduces a structured and systematic model for teaching English to A1 level students through multimedia technologies. Designed to enhance media literacy and communicative competence, the model comprises five interrelated blocks—target, theoretical-methodological, content, organizational-functional, and result-diagnostic. It emphasizes pedagogical principles such as activity-based learning, personal orientation, and competence development, and unfolds across four stages: motivational, theoretical, practical, and reflexive-evaluative. The model integrates diagnostic tools and feedback loops to align media resources with learners' interests and real-life contexts, thus ensuring continuous engagement. Multimedia tools like mobile apps, online discussions, and digital simulations are employed to cultivate creativity, critical thinking, and independent learning. This approach not only supports language acquisition but also develops learners’ emotional engagement and motivation, ensuring effective and sustainable educational outcomes in a digital age.  

Thе rарid еvоlutiоn оf аrtifiсiаl intеlligеnсе (АI) hаs роsеd рrоfоund сhаllеngеs tо trаditiоnаl рhilоsорhiсаl соnсерtiоns оf humаn nаturе. Рhilоsорhiсаl аnthrороlоgy, whiсh sееks tо dеfinе thе еssеnсе оf humаnity, must nоw grаррlе with thе еxistеnсе оf nоn-biоlоgiсаl intеlligеnсеs thаt simulаtе humаn соgnitiоn, сrеаtivity, аnd intеrасtiоn. This аrtiсlе еxрlоrеs hоw АI соmреls а rееvаluаtiоn оf сlаssiсаl аnthrороlоgiсаl аssumрtiоns, раrtiсulаrly thоsе соnсеrning rаtiоnаlity, соnsсiоusnеss, еmbоdimеnt, аnd mоrаl аgеnсy. Drаwing оn thе insights оf lеаding Аmеriсаn рhilоsорhеrs аnd sсiеntists suсh аs Rаy Kurzwеil, Jоhn Sеаrlе, Mаrthа Nussbаum, аnd Shаnnоn Vаllоr, thе аrtiсlе аrguеs thаt thе bоundаriеs bеtwееn humаn аnd mасhinе аrе nо lоngеr сlеаrly dеfinеd, urging а rесоnfigurаtiоn оf рhilоsорhiсаl аnthrороlоgy tо ассоmmоdаtе hybrid, роst-humаn rеаlitiеs. Rаthеr thаn rеsisting сhаngе, this рареr аdvосаtеs fоr а dynаmiс, vаluе-сеntеrеd соnсерtiоn оf humаnity thаt intеgrаtеs tесhnоlоgiсаl еvоlutiоn whilе sаfеguаrding thе еthiсаl аnd еxistеntiаl dimеnsiоns оf humаn idеntity.

This article analyzes the unique characteristics of Eastern rhetoric by examining its formation, moral and educational foundations, artistic and aesthetic aspects, and comparing it with Western rhetoric. It highlights how Eastern culture, religion, Sufism, and literature have influenced the art of oratory.

This article discusses the characteristics of the image of the soqi, one of the mystical images, and the artistry of this image in the work of Shermuhammad Munis.

This article discusses the richness of our language and the advantages of mastering synonyms through text in native language lessons. Several methods of mastering synonymous units through text are recommended, and sample tasks are given to introduce these methods into the lesson process. The expected results from the recommended tasks and methods, the priority aspects of these methods in mastering the subject are indicated, and conclusions are drawn.

This article presents reflections on the distinctive features of anthroponyms, their classification, functions within literary texts, the influence of intertextual anthroponyms on the national culture, and their specific significance. Views on the intertextual transfer of anthroponyms are analyzed. It is observed that the most common anthroponyms in fiction are associated with human mental activity and consciousness, and their conceptualization is rooted in humanity's experiences from both distant and recent past. When comparing intertextual anthroponyms in the Uzbek language, it is highlighted that names in works created across different periods form an interconnected intertextual system without losing their value over time, demonstrating their interdependence. The reasons for this phenomenon are attributed to people's cognitive knowledge, as well as the experiences, culture, and traditions of the people, which have helped determine the origins of intertextual anthroponyms.

Diplomacy, as the art and practice of conducting negotiations and maintaining relations between states, has undergone significant transformation in the 21st century. The emergence of new technologies, global challenges, and shifting power dynamics have given rise to modern forms of diplomacy, including digital diplomacy, public diplomacy, economic diplomacy, and multilateral diplomacy. This article explores these contemporary forms, their characteristics, and their implications for international relations. By analyzing the interplay between traditional diplomatic practices and modern innovations, the study highlights how diplomacy adapts to an increasingly interconnected and complex global landscape.  

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the socio-psychological factors influencing the formation of professional motivation among students in academic lyceums affiliated with the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The research is based on contemporary motivation theories, particularly the models of Maslow, Deci, and Ryan, as well as the scientific perspectives of Uzbek scholars, including O.E. Hayitov and I.M. Ergashev. Using empirical data collected through surveys, interviews, and observational methods, the study thoroughly examines students' attitudes towards career choices, their motivational needs, and the impact of social environmental factors. The article concludes by offering practical recommendations for strengthening professional motivation.  

This article explores the consequences of the Russian empire's economic colonial policies in the Khiva khanate during the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, focusing on the participation of financial institutions in monetary relations, changes in the monetary system, and the reforms carried out by the local government. The analysis is based on national sources and documents from the National Archive of Uzbekistan.  

This article will feature the effect of adaptive intellect to student reading motivation motivation. Currently, in the educational process, students must have not only knowledge, but also the ability to adapt to a changing environment. Under such circumstances, adaptive intellect serves as an important factor in the formation and maintenance of the person's reading motivation. The main components of adaptive intellect is analyzed the connectional thinking, the ability to solve problems, emotional stability and innovation approaches to motivation. This article includes practical recommendations for increasing motivation in the education system and recommends psychological approaches to helping students to effectively adapt to the learning process.

This article provides detailed information on the use of various methods to increase students’ social activity skills through historical knowledge in New Uzbekistan and to stimulate interest in the subject of history. It should be noted that historical knowledge can address this issue by fostering patriotism, self-confidence, and a sense of responsibility among students.

This study explores the theoretical foundations of coping strategies in modern psychology, emphasizing their significance in stress management and psychological adaptation. Various coping models, including problem-focused and emotion-focused approaches, are reviewed, with particular attention to their role in maintaining psychological well-being. Additionally, the article analyzes modern theories and empirical findings related to mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies in different psychological contexts. Special emphasis is placed on the integration of coping strategies in clinical, educational, and organizational settings.

In essence, any process has a multi-stage nature. After all, the process and the event assumed with its help, according to the degree of complexity, record private (separate) and general results. Each individual result is achieved at a specific stage. Individual results ultimately guarantee a holistic, generalized result. Multi-stage design prevents major, serious errors or flaws from occurring in a process that ranges from simple to complex. In general, this prevents the failure of targeted activities. The development of historical thinking of students based on media content also occurs in a multi-stage process. The article examines the stages of the corresponding process, their particular and general results.

The article examines the construction history of the Nukus-Chimbay railway, which plays a significant role in developing the productive forces of the northern regions of the republic, further developing new virgin lands and fallow lands, and further improving the cultural and living standards of the population.  

This article presents reflections on the psychological foundations of innovative pedagogical technologies used in the educational process.  

This article analyzes the creative activity of the People's Artist of Uzbekistan, a well-known artist Ismail Jalilov, his contribution to the development of Uzbek national musical art. Also, the specific artistic and aesthetic principles of Jalilov's work, his assessment by his contemporaries and students, and his place in today's musical culture are analyzed.  

This article features wrestlers from different weight classes and applied mental preparation, individual fund of actions.

The composition of the means and methods of training were studied. The methodology for selecting mental training tools that take into account the combination of offensive and defensive actions has been studied.  

Parental psychology is one of the most important fields in psychology, focusing on the relationship between parents and children, as well as the influence of parental behavior on child development. Raising children is a responsible and complex task that requires understanding and applying psychological principles to ensure a child's harmonious development. This article explores key aspects of parental psychology and its impact on parenting.  

One such devoted and people-oriented figure, a prominent representative of his time, and a significant contributor to 20th-century literature as a writer, translator, and legal defender, is Mirzo Kakanbay AbduKholikov.