KURASH TURLARIDA TEXNIK USULLARNI O‘RGATISHDA
MODELLASHTIRISH USULINING SAMARADORLIGI
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ МОДЕЛИРУЮЩЕГО МЕТОДА В ОБУЧЕНИИ
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИМ ПРИЕМАМ В ВИДАХ БОРЬБЫ
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MODELING METHOD IN TEACHING
TECHNIQUES IN THE TYPES OF WRESTLING
ALFRAGANUS UNIVERSITY
Sport faoliyati kafedrasi katta o‘qituvchisi
Azizjon Ibroximovich Xolmatov
e-mail: @xolmatovazizjon85@mail.com
ORCID: 0009-0002-1276-2849
Annotatsiya
Maqolada kurash turlarida texnik usullarni o‘rgatishni optimallashtirish. Kurash
mashg‘ulotlarida kurash turlarini o‘rgatishning texnik usullarni modellashtirish uslubi
o‘rganilgan. Mashg‘ulot jarayonlarida modellashtirish uslublaridan unumli foydalanish
to‘g‘risida murabbiylar o‘rtasida so‘rovnomadan foydalanildi. Kurash turlarida sportchining
texnik harakatlari ko‘p va turli-tumanligi sababli u boshqa sport turlaridan farq qiladi. Kurash
turlari kurashchining texnik harakatlarini tartibga solish va ushbu sohada mutaxassislar o‘rtasida
muloqot qilish imkonini yaratish uchun kurash texnikasining tasnifi, tizimi hamda atamalari
ishlab chiqilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
Jismoniy tayyorgarlik, taktik usullar, o‘quv-mashg‘ulot, mashg‘ulot jarayoni,
modellashtirish, optimallashtirish.
Аннотация
В статье оптимизируется преподавание технических приемов в видах спортивной
борьбы. В тренировках по спортивной борьбе изучается метод моделирования приемов
для обучения видам спортивной борьбы. Был проведен опрос тренеров об эффективном
использовании методов моделирования в тренировочных процессах. В борьбе у
спортсмена много технических движений, и благодаря разнообразию он отличается от
других видов спорта. Классификация видов борьбы, система и термины борцовских
приемов были разработаны для того, чтобы регламентировать технические действия борца
и сделать возможным общение между специалистами в этой области.
Key words:
Physical training, tactical methods, training, training process, modeling,
optimization.
Abstract
The article presents ways to optimize the teaching of technical methods in wrestling. The
method of modeling the teaching of technical methods in the training of wrestling types was
studied. A survey questionnaire was used among trainers about the effective use of modeling
methods of training processes. In wrestling, it differs from other sports due to the fact that the
athlete's technical movements are many and varied. The classification, system and terms of
wrestling techniques have been developed to regulate the technical actions of a wrestler and to
create an opportunity for communication between specialists in this field.
Key words:
Physical training, tactical methods, training, training process, modeling,
optimization.
Introduction
All types of physical education and sports serve as an important tool for maintaining and
strengthening human health. The importance of physical education and sports is great in the
multifaceted process of developing a person’s physical qualities, strengthening health, increasing
working capacity, and creating the necessary mental environment for athletes. Various types of
wrestling occupy an important place in the system of physical education. That contribute to the
education of healthy people. In addition, wrestling has its place in the physical education system.
Literary Analysis and Methodology
V.N Platonov developed a three-part model for physical education professionals in his
researches.
The first part is taken into account morality, idealism, spirituality and other qualities,
functions of the level of intelligence and spiritual development.
The second part (summary of all types of work and the main work and tasks of the specialist.
In the third part, you are informed the skill, knowledge, qualifications, and level of knowledge
of a human in performing certain tasks of the profession.
Researchers (V.N Platonov and others., 1984) proposed a partial form of characterization of
the wrestler model. They consist of three levels.
The first: the result of the actions of players and teams when attacking or defending in a
group.
The second is equipment, special and tactical physical training, mental stability.
The third is the characteristics of functional training, morphological features, age of sports
experience.
In wrestlers, it differs from other sports in that the technical movements of the athlete are
numerous and diverse. The classification, system and terms of wrestling techniques are designed
to regulate the technical actions of wrestlers and create the possibility of communication between
specialists in this field. Technical training of wrestlers is characterized by the possession of a
system of actions that ensures the achievement of high sports results by an athlete.
There are general and special technical training of a athlete. General technical training is
aimed at acquiring various motor skills and skills in auxiliary sports, and special technical
training is aimed at achieving technical skills in wrestling.
Technical training in wrestlers is aimed at solving a number of complex tasks:
- increase the efficiency of using the maximum voltage;
- save operating voltage;
- to increase the speed and accuracy of movements in the changing conditions of competitive
activity.
The improvement of sports equipment is carried out during the long-term training of athletes
and is aimed at improving technical skills in the chosen type of wrestling.
Technical mastery means perfect mastery of the most reasonable movement technique in
conditions of intense sports competition (Abdullayev Sh.A., Xolmatov A.I.2014).
In wrestlers, it differs from other sports in that the technical movements of the athlete are
numerous and diverse. The classification, system and terms of kurash techniques are designed to
regulate the technical actions of the athlete and create the possibility of communication between
specialists in this field.
Classification is a system of interdependent concepts (classes, objects, events) in a particular
field of knowledge. Classification is made on the basis of taking into account common features
of objects and legal relations between them. Classification helps to find the right way in various
objects and is a source of knowledge about them.
The distribution of various methods of struggle according to their general characteristics
(classification) allows specialists to develop theoretical and practical knowledge of science and
at the same time helps to identify gaps in this knowledge (Aliyev I.B, Bakhtiyorovich O. B.2020).
On the basis of systematization, the internal connections between the methods of struggle are
considered. Systematization means systematization of combat techniques, placing them in a
certain order, establishing a certain sequence.
In systematization, unlike classification (since the objects considered in it belong to one or
another department, taking into account their similarity and interdependence), objects are used to
determine their sequence compared to one. Systematization reveals the possibilities of this
classification scheme and shows its shortcomings.
The task of classifying and systematizing the types of struggle is to reflect the essence of the
struggle. Classification and systematization cannot be carried out without preliminary work on
the definition of concepts (dropping, transferring, folding, tipping, etc.).
A competently constructed classification is the basis for the creation of scientifically based
terms.
The terminology of wrestling is a set of terms used by specialists in their scientific and
pedagogical activities.
Effective management of the training process involves the use of various models. The word
model is used as a sample (standard, reference). In a broad sense, it is understood as an example
(imaginary and conditional) of a subject process or event. When interpreting the word "model",
it has the same meaning both in scientific and methodological literature and in sports.
The model is the sum of the results of the achievements of sportsmanship acquired in a
particular sport. As a result of using and processing the model, the modeling process is built.
Participation in sports training and competitions helps to study, identify and use the character
of the model (Safarova D.D., Pulatova M.D., & Sultanova Yu. A.2017).
Modeling is important as an important factor in the organization, planning of athlete training,
creating opportunities to achieve any level of success, the correct solution of tasks, the correct
use of useful tools in exercises.
The terms "model" and "modeling" occupy an important place in the theory and practice of
sports. For example, in scientific and methodological literature, in articles about sports, this term
is used almost 20 times more often than in the 60-70s.
We can see that modeling as a scientific and practical method is widely used in modern theory
and sports practice. Theoretical and practical modeling tasks in sports have a different nature
(Tastanov N. A. 2017).
The functions that models perform when solving problems in the theory and practice of sports
can be of a different nature. First, models are used as a substitute for an object so that research
on the model allows one to obtain new information about the object itself. When experimenting
with a model, it is possible to obtain new knowledge that represents a reflection of the structure
and functions of the model. After testing knowledge about the model from the point of view of
its significance for the object, the resulting theoretical concepts can become an integral part of
the theory of the object. Thus, the results of the analysis of the structure of muscle tissue in
animals, both under normal conditions and after intense training, based on analogies between the
structure of human and animal tissues, were used to improve the theory of sports selection and
orientation, the development of speed-strength qualities and endurance. The theoretical concepts
obtained as a result of working with this model have been subjected to additional testing and
refinement in recent years in the process of biopsychic research in humans.
Secondly, models are used to generalize empirical knowledge and comprehend the natural
connections of various processes and phenomena in the field of sports. Empirical knowledge,
processed in model representations and implemented in models, contributes to the creation of
corresponding theoretical generalizations.
Thirdly, models have a huge impact on the translation of experimentally conducted scientific
work into the practical field of sports. In this case, what is important is not the analysis of models
as quasi-objects for obtaining theoretical knowledge, but their practical feasibility. This is
precisely the role played by numerous morph functional models when solving problems of sports
selection and orientation, models of preparedness and competitive activity - when constructing
the training process.
Models used in sports are divided into two main groups. The first group includes:
1) models characterizing the structure of competitive activity;
2) models characterizing various aspects of an athlete’s preparedness;
3) morph functional models, reflecting the morphological characteristics of the div and the
capabilities of individual functional systems, ensuring the achievement of a given level of
sportsmanship.
The second group of models covers:
1) models reflecting the duration and dynamics of the development of sportsmanship and
preparedness in a multi-year cycle, as well as within the training year and macro cycle;
2) models of large structural formations of the training process (stages of long-term training,
microcycles, periods);
3) models of training stages, meso- and micro cycle;
4) models of training sessions and their parts;
5) models of individual training exercises and their complexes.
During the modeling process, it is necessary:
1) link the models used with the tasks of operational, current and stage-by-stage control and
management, construction of various structural formations of the training process;
2) determine the degree of detail of the model, i.e. the number of parameters included in the
model, the nature of the relationship between individual parameters;
3) determine the validity period of the models used, the boundaries of their use, the procedure
for clarification, modification and replacement (Shustin B.N., 1985, 1995; Platonov V.N., 1986,
1997).
Models used in the practice of training and competitive activities can be divided into three
levels: generalized, group and individual.
Generalized models reflect the characteristics of an object or process, identified based on a
study of a relatively large group of athletes of a certain gender, age and qualifications involved
in a particular sport. Such models may include, for example, models of competitive activity in
running or swimming, functional models of basketball or handball players, models of long-term
training or the structure of the annual macro cycle in skiing or football, etc. Models at this level
are of a general orientation nature and reflect the most general patterns of training and competitive
activity in a particular sport.
Group models are built based on studying a specific set of athletes (or teams) that differ in
specific characteristics within a particular sport. Examples include models of technical and
tactical actions of “fives” in ice hockey, models of competitive activity of wrestlers or swimmers,
distinguished by high speed-strength potential and insufficient endurance, etc. Research shows
that athletes who achieve outstanding results in various sports can be divided into several
relatively independent groups, each of which unites athletes with a related structure of
competitive activity and preparedness. For example, swimmers, rowers, and middle-distance
runners can be divided into three main groups:
1) athletes who are able to achieve high results due to speed-strength abilities;
2) athletes who achieve high results mainly due to special endurance;
3) athletes who are uniformly prepared (Platonov V.N., 1997).
As a result of studying the structure of competitive activity, outstanding wrestlers are
distinguished:
- athletes who achieve success due to a high level of speed and strength qualities, intense
conduct of the first half of the fight;
- athletes who achieve high performance as a result of a high level of endurance development
and effective fighting at the end of the fight;
- athletes with uniform development of various aspects of preparedness;
- athletes who master individual techniques at the highest level with relatively low physical
fitness.
Versatile training of athletes specializing, for example, in modern pentathlon in the early
stages of many years of improvement, ensures a relatively uniform increase in capabilities in
various disciplines included in the program of this type. However, in the third stage of multi-year
improvement (usually after five years of training), the events in which the athlete has outgrown
noticeable progress are determined, and those events in which further serious progress is possible.
In particular, the requirements of effective training and competitive activity and the individual
adaptive capabilities of individual pent athletes make it possible to divide them into the following
groups:
- with the predominant development of coordination abilities, which contributes to the
achievement of high sports results in fencing, shooting and horse riding;
- with the prevailing development of endurance, ensuring high athletic results in swimming
and running;
- with equal development of coordination abilities and endurance, which predetermines high
sports results in swimming or running and in one or two sports belonging to the first group;
- with a proportional average level of development of special physical qualities, which
ensures uniform performance in all types of pentathlon (Platonov, 1988).
Discussion And Results.
Teaching in types of wrestlers is a purposefully organized pedagogical process aimed at
forming a system of skills and abilities, in which knowledge of the theory of wrestlers and
methods of teaching it is considered as the main kind of competitive, judicial, pedagogical,
organizational activity of a wrestlers.
The purpose of the training is to form a system of knowledge among students that reflects the
idea of the professional activity of the coach. This concept includes the education of knowledge
and skills, methods of scientific thinking, conscious and creative attitude to practical activities.
The general tasks reflecting the specific conditions and features of the theory of martial arts
and teaching methods are the following:
- to make sure the optimal volume, comprehensiveness and sufficient depth of knowledge on
the theory of sports and teaching methods;
- improving the possibilities of creative understanding;
- formation and improvement of general training skills of athletes;
- formation and improvement of execution of combat techniques, means of protection and
counteraction;
- formation of the optimal size and variety of technical and tactical actions at competitions;
- formation of skills and qualifications for training, training, supervision, competitions and
demonstration competitions;
- formation and improvement of knowledge, skills and abilities to analyze the technique of
performing fighting techniques;
- acquisition of skills to demonstrate and explain fighting techniques;
- formation and improvement of knowledge, qualifications and skills of teaching and
improving the implementation of complex technical and tactical actions;
- formation and improvement of skills of analysis and conducting wrestling classes;
- formation and improvement of knowledge, skills and skills of judging wrestling
competitions, as well as the organization and conduct of mass sports events.
There are several other types of models and simulations are presented in the scientific
literature.
Despite the fact that there is a huge difference between these types proposed by many
scientists, it is appropriate to determine the scope of their application in modeling the reliability
of sports activities.
In sports practice, three levels of modeling are being used. The high-level model provides the
general direction of sports training and participation in competitions. Creates the basis for the
management of competitions and training of an athlete. The effect of using generalizing and
grouping model types is especially great in the training process of the youth or adults who have
not yet reached their sports peaks. When training world-class athletes, a certain aspect of such
models is rarely taken into account. A talented athlete demonstrates bright features, unique
abilities and a strong will to master the all-around. It is necessary to take into account the basic
laws of sportsmanship during long-term preparation for the development of model stages in
training. During the preparatory period, it is necessary to use unique adaptive opportunities to
show high-level sports results. As evidenced by the mutual patterns of performing various
exercises in training plans, the nature of tiredness processes depends on the characteristics of a
high level of performance.
Exercises based on a separate model and their collections are built based on a mechanism of
rapid habituation. Also, the function of exercise parameters is focused on improving the types of
training (the duration of individual exercises and their complex, work efficiency, stopping and
resuming between exercises, the total number of exercises).
We are witnessing that modeling as a scientific and practical method is widely used in modern
theory and sports practice. Theoretical and practical modeling tasks in sports have a different
nature.
The survey was conducted in order to study the level of knowledge of current trainers about
the modeling method and their attitude to this method. The test questionnaire was prepared on
the basis of a mutual conversation between coaches who have been working in the field of
wrestling for many years.
At the beginning of the study, there were several fluctuations and conflicting opinions, the
questionnaire allowed us to assess knowledge about the role and effectiveness, necessity and
other factors of modeling in the field of sports.
When a survey was conducted among the trainers who participated in the study, they said:
Coaches familiar with the model method – 70%.
Among them – from the modeling method in the course of coaching:
- used - 20%
- observers - 12%
- Having read from several books and scientific articles - 10%
- Attended scientific conferences and lectures - 12%
On the role of modeling in the field of sports, the general opinion of coaches is expressed by
"%".
№
Content
Percentage “%”
1.
Trainers who believe that the method of modeling
in wrestlers is "necessary".
80%
2.
Trainers who believe that the modeling in wrestlers
method is "not necessary"
4%
3.
Trainers who believe that the method of modeling in
wrestlers is "not interesting"
16%
According to the results of the survey, it is clear that modeling occupies a very large place in
the field of sports. Although there is little scientific research in this direction, foreign researchers
are engaged in propaganda and study of the modeling method in order to show their wrestlers
high results.
Conclusion
The popularization of physical education and sports, the analysis of the product of various
opinions and the experience of many scientists explains that the modeling method can be used at
any age and at any level of training. Modeling in physical education and sports is divided by
place, time, load, set of exercises, location of the building, etc. Recognizing that the sports
industry is a model, the methods and techniques we always use were once a model. So far, we
have operated with methods that we unconsciously modeled. In addition, it was noted that the
unilateral development of the sports sphere is not typical for the modeling method, the studies
we conducted improved the psychological characteristics of young athletes with physical and
technical and tactical training. As a practical recommendation when using the modeling method
in the training of young athletes, we consider it necessary to carefully study the object taken as a
model and take into account its shortcomings.
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