39
келиши мумкинлигини Кафка ижоди бутун инсониятга кўрсатишга эришган ёзувчилардан биридир.
Чунки адиб яшаган даврларда инсонни қатл қилиш метафорик характерга эга бўлди. Жамият ўзига
ғалати туюлганни қатл қилиши мумкин! Бу авж ола бошлаганда, ёзувчилар қарши чиқа бошладилар,
тўғри, бундай кураш илгариги замонларда ҳам бўлган, бироқ ХХ асрдагидек, дорлзарб бўлмаган,
чунки урушлар даврида ниҳоятда кўп қурбонлар ҳеч қандай сабабсиз ўлдирилган. Кафка атрофда
кечган талотўплардан азият чеккан ва бегуноҳларнинг ўлими ёзувчини мана шундай барча
замонларга алоқадор асар яратишига сабаб бўлган. Афсуски, адибнинг хавфсирашлари бугунги кунга
ҳам бегона эмас [5:163]. Франц Кафка асарларида севги, муҳаббат мавзуси бошқа адибларники каби
етакчи ўринга чиқмай, балки жазо, айб, гуноҳкорлик, бегоналашув каби туйғуларнинг кенг кўламда
берилиши модернизм даври адабиётига асос солинганидан дарак беради.
Адабиётлар руйхати
1.
Franz Kafka. In der Strafkolonie. Essay. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. Frankfurt am Main, 2008
2.
Franz Kafka Ein Landarzt und andere Drucke zu Lebzeiten. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. Frankfurt
am Main, November 1994
3.
Franz Kafka. Tagebücher 1910-1923. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH. Frankfurt am Main,
März 1983
4.
Шавкат Каримов. Немис адабиёти тарихи. Мумтоз сўз. Тошкент, 2010
5.
Муҳаммаджон Холбеков . ХХ аср модерн адабиёти манзаралари. Мақолллар тўплами. —
Тошкент: Мумтоз сўз, 2012
6.
Улуғбек Ҳамдамов. Жаҳон адабиёти: модернизм ва постмодернизм. Ўқув қўлланма. –
Тошкент: Академнашр, 2020
7.
Қозоқбой Йўлдошев. Ёниқ сўз. Янги аср авлоди. Тошкент, 2006
8.
Акмал Саидов. Франц Кафка — Телба Дунёнинг Даҳоси. Давр Пресс. Тошкент, 2015
9.
Назар Эшонқул “Франц Кафка” https://ziyouz.uz/ilm-va-fan/adabiyot/frants-kafka/.
10.
Yusupov, O., Yoqubjonova, S., & Abduvokhidova, S. (2022). THE BENEFITS OF HAVING
OVERALL 7.0 FROM IELTS IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF LIFE.
Eurasian Journal of Academic
Research
,
2
(5), 213-215.
11.
Сулайманова, Н. Ж. (2016). СПОСОБЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ЛОКАТИВНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ
АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ.
Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире
, (9-3), 74-77.
THE INFLUENCE OF SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE AS A POET, CRITIC AND
PHILOSOPHER TO ENGLISH LITERATURE
Nurimukhammatova Sabina
SamSIFL, Student
Scientific supervisor: S.U.Rasulova
SamSIFL, Teacher
Key words:
Samuel Taylor, John Coleridge, Ann Bowden, Christ’s Hospital, College Cambridge, Browne
Gold Medal, Slave trade, William Wordsworth, Tom Evans, Mary Evans, Sonnet: To my own Heart, Lyrical
Ballads, Kubla Khan.
Annotation:
In this thesis, the famous poet, philosopher and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge
influences to the English
literature by his romantic poems with his friend and also the poet William
Wordsworth by publishing their well-known collection of poems “Lyrical Ballads” at that time.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born on October 21
st
1772 in the country town of Ottery in England.
Samuel’s father the Reverend John Coleridge was a rail respected vicar of the parish and a headmaster of
Henry 8’s free Grammar School at Ottery. He was a tenth and youngest child of Ann Bowden and John
Coleridge. Samuel considered himself as lonely kid often choosing to stay at home rather than go play ball
with his friends. On the death of his father, he was sent to school at Christ’s Hospital School in London,
where he stayed there for most of his childhood studying and writing poetry. From 1791 until 1794
Coleridge attended Jesus College Cambridge. In 1792 he won the Browne Gold Medal for the poem that he
wrote on slave. Later he met his future wife Sarah Fricker. Their marriage was not a very happy one for the
most part, but it did last until his death.
Coleridge met William Wordsworth in 1795 who once proclaimed him as the best poet of the age.
After their joint publication of “Lyrical Ballads” in 1798, Coleridge and Wordsworth went to Germany to
begin studying German philosophers and critics such as Conte and Fichte which helped them to alter their
40
thoughts regarding philosophy and religion.
At the time when he was studying at Christ’s Hospital which was a boarding school in London, he
befriended with several boys, including Tom Evans. During 1788 he and other friends visited Tom Evans’
home in London, where he met Tom’s eldest sister, Mary Evans. Coleridge had warm feelings for her. Evans
became Coleridge’s first love and inspiration. However, the relationship lasted only a short while and in
1795 on October, she married to Fryer Todd. When Coleridge made plans with friend Robert Southey to
emigrate to overseas, Mary wrote to Coleridge a letter of telling him not to leave. This letter brought him the
old feelings and memories. His feelings inspired him to write the poem “Sonnet: To my own Heart”.
Coleridge prescribed too laudanum due to attacks of rheumatism and he quickly became addicted to
opium. His critically acclaimed poem “Kubla Khan” was actually came from one of Samuel’s opium do
streams. Nevertheless, he realized the laudanum was more evil than the diseases it failed to cure. The
beginning of the 19
th
century was a very dark time for Samuel. In the next thirty years things started getting
better but he was under the constant care of a doctor and his writing became darker and more gothic. He
was a very intelligent writer and a philosopher of his time and when he passed away in 1834, his friends
could only think of how the world had just lost an incomparable intellect of the time
The collection of poems which is called “Lyrical Ballads’ were written by Samuel Taylor and
William Wordsworth first published in 1798. It illustrated the beginning of the English Romantism
movement in literature. Romantism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism,
idealization of nature and the glorification of the past with a strong preference for medieval time. Coleridge’s
most famous poem from the collection of “Lyrical Ballads” is “The Rime of Ancient Mariner”. In this poem
Coleridge compares two things by contrast and includes them into one situation. In other words, it all
begins with the wedding party where an old sailor tells his story to the guests by catching their attentions.
The story is about his life experience, when he accidently shoots to the bird albatross which was innocent
and gets the rage of the sea and wind. He faces many troubles in the ship, because of committing a crime
which turns to the curse for him. Two hundred people pass away from the curse that he called. Later he
suffers in unknown land and finds out snakes next to his legs. He assumes them as a creatures of nature, not
the pests as he used to think. Then the curse breaks up by making him free from all sufferings. Finally, the
ghosts of two hundred people help him to get him home safely.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
Coleridge Samuel Taylor. “Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” THE Norton Anthology: English Literature. 8
th
ed. Vol 2. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1990. 1616-32. 2 vols.
2.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. “Kubla Khan” The Norton Anthology: English Literature. 8
th
ed. Vol 2. New
York: W.W. Norton & Company. Inc. 1990. 1632-34. 2 vols.
3.
Reidhead. Jula. ed. “Samuel Taylor Coleridge.” The Norton Anthology: English Literature. 8
th
ed. New
York: W. W. Norton & Company. Inc. 1990. 1609-11. Print.
4.
Klancher, Jon. {2009}. Concise Companion to the Romantic Age, A. Whiley. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
5.
Yusupov, O., Yoqubjonova, S., & Abduvokhidova, S. (2022). THE BENEFITS OF HAVING OVERALL 7.0
FROM IELTS IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF LIFE.
Eurasian Journal of Academic Research
,
2
(5), 213-215.
6.
Сулайманова, Н. Ж. (2016). СПОСОБЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ЛОКАТИВНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ
АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ.
Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире
, (9-3), 74-77.
7.
Sulaymanova, N. J. (2016). Locative syntaxemes and disaccordance of their antecedent means. In
Humanities
and Social Sciences in Europe: Achievements and Perspectives
(pp. 249-252).
8.
YUSUPOV, O. (2022). ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗНЫХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ ОБРАЗОВ В
ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ.
International Journal of Philosophical Studies and Social Sciences
,
2
(1), 51-54.
INTERNET RESOURCES:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/samuel-taylor-coleridge
10.
https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%
B7% 7.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Coleridge
11.
https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/coleridge-and-wordsworth/
12.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridgehttps://iib.my
ISPAN, TURK VA O’ZBEK FRAZEOLOGIZMLARIDA PARADIGMATIK
MUNOSABATLARNING LINGVOMADANIY XUSUSIYATLARI
Nurmuhammad Yusuf
SamDCHTI, “Ingliz tili nazariyasi