Spinal anesthesia in children: opportunities and rational approaches

Spinal anesthesia (SA) remains a limited technique used for intraoperative pain relief in children. The main indication for it in pediatrics were urological operations in premature infants prone to the development of postoperative apnea, bradycardia or surgical interventions below the umbilicus [1,2]. After these works, SA became the proven standard for newborns with a high risk of mortality [3]. The safety of SA has been demonstrated in children and infants undergoing pyloromyotomy, circumcision and orchidopexy under SA. The results of the study did not find any relationship between the duration of surgery in children with AS and performance in primary school [6]