ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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DIPLOMACY OF THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA DURING THE REIGN
OF AMIR NASRULLAH KHAN (RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAN)
Turayeva is the daughter of Charos Kurbanmurat
National University of Uzbekistan
4th year student of the Faculty of History
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13766676
Abstract:
This article is aimed at revealing Nasrullah Khan's tough foreign
policy and skillful diplomatic qualities, and the fact that he made convenient and
beneficial agreements with Iran for his benefit further increases his power. In
the history of the Emirate of Bukhara, even though it has the name "bloody
emir", it managed to solve political issues of important geopolitical importance
in diplomatic matters.
Key words:
Nasrullah Khan, Muhammadshah, Jozef Vulf diplomacy,
ambassador, Marv.
He ascended the throne of Bukhara on Thursday, the end of Ramadan in
1828
1
. Due to Amir Nasrullah Khan's strong policy, Russia, as the strongest
among the rulers of the declining Khiva and Kokan khanates in Central Asia,
appears to be the only threat to countries such as Great Britain.
In the history of the foreign policy of the Bukhara Emirate, diplomatic
relations between the country of Iran also occupy an important place. Amir
Nasrullah Khan's activities in strengthening diplomatic relations with Iran can
be highlighted. Amir Nasrullah Khan, who is a serious threat to countries like
Khiva and Kokan in Central Asia due to his constant struggles to achieve stability
in domestic politics, his wars to strengthen the government, and his
ruthlessness, conducts useful diplomatic relations with the Iranian state in
foreign policy.
If we talk about the initial diplomatic relations and mutual agreements
between the two countries, the ambassadors sent from Iran under the
leadership of Mohammad Shah in 1844, their tasks are of special value. These
ambassadors were assigned the task of solving a number of issues: discussing
the issue of releasing prisoners held in Bukhara; Reaching a certain agreement
on issues related to Marv region and Turkmens; Such as the positive resolution
of the issue of the release of the British citizen Joseph Wolfe, who is in captivity
in Bukhara
2
1
Ahmad Donish. Risola yohud mangʻitlar xonadoni saltanatining qisqacha tarixi. – T.: Oʻzbekiston milliy
ensiklopediyasi, 2014. B – 32,
2
Ж.М.Шодиев. Бухоро амирлиги давлатчилигининг ривожланиши. – Тошкент.; ТДЮИ “Тезкор нашр
марказида”. 2010. Б – 49-50.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
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Amir Nasrullah Khan's wars in his territory also take a lot of time, that is, he
marches 32 times over Kitab and Shahrisabz for 30 years
3
. The reason for
expanding the territory of the Bukhara Emirate is the desire to make friends
with a common goal in foreign policy through the Iranian ambassadors.
Referring to the results of the embassy in 1844, the Iranian ambassador pointed
out that the captives kept in Bukhara are being kept in Bukhara based on ancient
traditions and customs based on the fatwas of the scholars, and that the captives
were not returned to Iran because they were bought for cash, and aimed at
further strengthening mutual relations between the two countries in order to
eliminate such legal problems. accepts the emir's proposals. Regarding the
political situation in the Marv region, the Bukhara emir explained to him the
complexity of the political situation in this region, emphasized that he was
appointed at the request of the governor of Marv, emphasized that the Turkmen
clans had organized actions against the Bukhara emirate, and said that it is
necessary to restore the oasis of Marv, otherwise no one will be able to rule
Marv
The most intense of the diplomatic debates in the country of Iran is related
to British espionage in Bukhara. Colonel Stoddart and Captain Connolly were
sent through Iran to carry out espionage in Central Asia, and these ambassadors
were executed by Amir Nasrullah Khan. They send Joseph Wolfe, who uses Iran's
mediation to free the two ambassadors, and imprison him as an accomplice of
spies. The most intense of the diplomatic debates in the country of Iran is related
to British espionage in Bukhara. Colonel Stoddart and Captain Connolly were
sent through Iran to carry out espionage in Central Asia, and these ambassadors
were executed by Amir Nasrullah Khan. They send Joseph Wolfe, who uses Iran's
mediation to free the two ambassadors, and imprison him as an accomplice of
spies. The emir and the Iranian ambassador send Subhonkulibek as ambassador
to Iran with gifts. He is the Ambassador of Iran Joseph takes Woolf and Iranian
prisoners and leaves Bukhara
4
.Establishing diplomatic relations with the Iranian
state saved the life of the British ambassador. Based on this, Relations between
Bukhara and Iran were much better, since the ambassador, who was seen as an
English spy, was not easily released.
As one of the most acute issues in the relations between the Emirate of
Bukhara and the state of Iran is the issue of captives, this factor was an obstacle
3
R. Shamsuddinov, Oʻ.Ubaydullayev, Sh. Karimov.Vatan tarixi (XVI-XX asr boshlari). – T.: Sharq, 2020. B – 86.
4
Ж.М.Шодиев. Бухоро амирлиги давлатчилигининг ривожланиши. – Тошкент.; ТДЮИ “Тезкор нашр
марказида”. 2010. Б – 50-51
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
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to the development of the foreign political and diplomatic relations between the
two countries. The nomadic tribes and clans, who did not obey either of the two
countries, carried out various robberies on the caravan routes and in the border
areas, and sold the captives in the markets of Bukhara and other cities. It was
difficult to completely abolish the slave trade because of the interests of the
parties involved in this form of human trafficking, that is, the seller and the
receiver. In addition to the socio-political essence of this problem, there is also
an ideological basis, which was determined by the differences between the
Sunni and Shia sects. Taking into account that such an opinion belongs to a
controversial debate, in order to establish peaceful relations between the two
countries, the emir of Bukhara sent ambassadors to the Sultan of Turkey from
time to time, tried to determine the legality of the issue and requested to send
the works of great scholars and mujtahids in order to find a legal solution to it.
Two ambassadors were entrusted by the emir to bring the sources of law that
would allow to solve this legal problem
5
.It can be said that Nasrullah Khan has
the ability to foresight, and he has a skillful policy so that diplomatic relations
with Iran do not get negative. Solving the shortcomings in the relations between
the two countries based on a well-thought-out political plan, including solving
the religious issue in connection with the Sultan of Turkey, shows diplomatic
respect and skill at the world level. He sought advice from the Turkish sultan,
who received the status of caliph in the Islamic world without acting on his own
in religious matters, and his skillful use of Sharia rules for his own benefit led to
him occupying a special place among the emirs of Bukhara.
The period of Amir Nasrullah's reign has not been scientifically researched
enough. Until now, scholars have conflicting and contradictory opinions about
his personality. As one of the reasons for this, the fact that progressive and free-
thinking people were persecuted by Amir Nasrullah and even killed in various
ways is indicated many times in historical sources and scientific studies
6
.
In conclusion, Nasrullah Khan was very active in diplomatic matters. He was
able to resist as the most worthy opponent in Central Asia, which was a struggle
between Russia and Great Britain. Although considered a "butcher emir" after
much bloodshed during Nasrullah Khan's reign, he managed to resolve issues of
geopolitical importance that were important in foreign political and diplomatic
matters. Embassy relations with the Iranian state will improve during his tenure,
5
Ж.М.Шодиев. Бухоро амирлиги давлатчилигининг ривожланиши. – Тошкент.; ТДЮИ “Тезкор нашр
марказида”. 2010. Б – 51
6
Jumanazar A. K. Buxoro taʼlim tizimi tarixi. – Toshkent.; Akademnashr, 2017 — 592-bet.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
37
and political agreements and issues to be resolved will be drawn up for the
benefit of both countries.
References:
1.
Ж.М.Шодиев. Бухоро амирлиги давлатчилигининг ривожланиши. –
Тошкент.; ТДЮИ “Тезкор нашр марказида”. 2010.
2.
Мирза Абдалазим Сомиӣ. Тарих-и салатин-и мангитийа (ʻʻИстория
мангитских государей’’). – Москва: Издвовост лит.; 1962.
3.
Ahmad Donish. Risola yohud mangʻitlar xonadoni saltanatining qisqacha
tarixi. – T.: Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi, 2014.
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qadar) -T:Sharq, 2000.
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R. Shamsuddinov, Oʻ.Ubaydullayev, Sh. Karimov.Vatan tarixi (XVI-XX asr
boshlari). – T.: Sharq, 2020.
7.
Jumanazar A. K. Buxoro taʼlim tizimi tarixi. – Toshkent.; Akademnashr,
2017.
8.
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