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ANALYSIS OF WATER CONSUMPTION REQUIRED FOR
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF FERGANA CITY.
M.M.Rustamova
Assistant, Department Of Descriptive Geometry
And Engineering Graphics, Fergana Polytechnic Institute, 150100
Fergana, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12783642
ABSTRAKT.
The article examines the issues of discharge, treatment and
quantity determination of waste water produced in industrial enterprises. The
analysis of these indicators is considered in the case of Fergana city.
KEYWORDS:
industrial wastewater; cleaning methods; determine the
amount of water.
INTRODUCTION.
Discharge and treatment of waste water generated in
industrial enterprises, composition and properties of waste water, treatment of
waste water, methods of treatment of retained waste and treatment of treated
water, types of constructions used, their structure and methodology of their
calculation, as well as the results of socio-economic reforms in our republic and
regional problems issues of influence on the perspective of the wastewater
treatment system are one of the most urgent issues of today.
Rapid development of industrial enterprises is one of the factors of
pollution of water bodies. While discharging large amounts of wastewater into
water bodies, maintaining their purity is one of the important tasks in the
municipal economy. Therefore, with the correct selection of industrial
wastewater treatment methods, it is possible to ensure that the water
discharged into water bodies fully complies with sanitary standards.
The main part. In industrial enterprises, technical water is used in three
directions:
1. From 70 to 89% of the incoming water for technical purposes is used in
industrial enterprises as a refrigerant for cooling the products of heat exchange
equipment, or to keep individual elements of devices and machines from
overheating This water is heated by the product being cooled, but is not
contaminated.
2. The amount of technical water from 5 to 12% is used for cleaning
products or raw materials and as a transportation medium. This water becomes
contaminated and heats up if the product is at a high temperature.
3. From 10 to 20% of technical water is lost due to evaporation or enters
the composition of the manufactured product (steam, sugar, bread, etc.)
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Due to economic considerations, environmental requirements, as well as
the limitation of water reserves in natural sources, it is recommended to install a
circulation system of technical water supply in industrial enterprises. In the
circulating system of technical water supply, water is used many times.
According to the change in water quality during operation, circulating
water supply is divided into the following:
1. "Clean cycles" - only for hot water when used;
2. "Dirty cycles" - when used only for polluted water;
3. "Mixed cycles" - when used, water is heated and polluted at the same
time.
Limit for technical water used in industrial enterprises of group 1the
temperature is determined. T should be <30°С, its optimal value should be 15°С.
In circulating water supply systems, carbonate hardness of water used as Sa
and Mg cold carriers (chladonositel) should not exceed Jk- 2.8...3.0 mg-eq/l, and
the possible concentration of its weight, according to the speed of water
movement in cooling devices, is accepted.
The technical water demand of the enterprise depends on the type of
equipment used and the accepted scheme of the technological process. Qr is
determined only according to the technical data of the water-consuming
equipment.
In the literature [10-12], information is provided on the limit norms of
water consumption per unit of product (per unit of finished product weight).
These data are obtained from the result of processing and determining the
average amount of water consumption values (in one or another industry). But
these standards do not fully take into account the peculiarities of each specific
enterprise and can only be used for approximate calculations.
It is considered appropriate to use the water used for the area of the water
intake facility for circulating water supply. Recirculating schemes open up great
opportunities in reducing the cost of the water supply system, reducing the
consumption of fresh water and the discharge of dirty water. When creating
circulation circuits, only 70-85% of technical water in technological equipment
is used, after heating and cooling, the state of reuse. In these systems, it is
possible to use some part of relatively less polluted technical water. Treated
water (15%) is reused. In the circulation system of water supply, pumps deliver
water to consumers through the water supply network.
The heated and contaminated water from the consumers is directed to the
wastewater treatment station through the pipeline system. Purified, but still
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warm, water is collected in a reservoir, from which it is transferred to a cooling
unit with circulating water station pumps [4].
In it, the cooled water is again delivered to consumers by pumps. During the
operation of the circulating system, part of the water is lost: it leaks, evaporates
and flies away from the cooling device; runoff and consumer contaminated, non-
reusable water can be lost due to discharge into the drains. To make up for these
losses, a suitable amount of water is taken from the natural source and directed
to the water treatment stations through pumps. Purified water is discharged
into the reservoir of cooling devices. Part of the water from the reservoir is
continuously discharged into the sewer to maintain the salt balance [2,3,4].
Circulating systems are built according to technical conditions,
environmental requirements and economic considerations [2,4].
According to technical conditions, it is necessary to use this system, because
the discharge of the existing natural water source is not enough for direct water
supply. The need for circulation systems is also explained by environmental
requirements. When using circulation systems, the amount of dirty water
entering the water bodies is reduced. From an ecological point of view, leak-free
circulation systems have great value. Instead of clean water in non-flow (closed)
water supply systems in enterprises, biologically purified water is used in
advance, purified to the standard of technical water quality of industrial and
domestic wastewater [4].
Biologically treated wastewater used in technical water supply must meet
technical, economic and sanitary-hygienic requirements. Even if it meets the
appropriate standards, it is not possible to use such water in the food, meat,
dairy and pharmaceutical industries [3].
According to economic considerations, when using circulating water supply
systems, it is possible to reduce costs for the construction of cyv collection
devices, first treatment pumping stations, natural and wastewater treatment
facilities [4].
The enterprise's water needs of all categories are met from natural sources
that meet the following basic requirements:
a) to ensure the continuous supply of the necessary amount of water
for the future development of the enterprise;
b) delivery of water of a quality that more fully meets the needs of
consumers or is achieved due to simple and ecological treatment of the initial
water;
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c) provides the possibility of supplying water to consumers with low
consumption of means;
g) should have such a capacity that taking water from it should not disturb
the existing ecological system.
Correctly solving the issue of choosing a source of water supply for a
specific consumer requires careful study and analysis of water resources in the
area where the consumer is located. Surface and underground waters are used
for water supply of industrial enterprises. Surface sources are rivers, lakes,
reservoirs; underground sources are groundwater and artesian waters and
springs [6].
The water of many rivers has a significant turbidity, a high content of
opranic substances and bacteria, and often a significant color. At the same time,
water is characterized by relatively less hardness [6].
Lake water is usually distinguished by a very small amount of suspended
matter (ie, low turbidity). The quality of all ground water is intrinsically
dependent on atmospheric precipitation and snowmelt. During floods, their
turbidity and bacterial contamination increase, and their hardness decreases.
Erosti waters, as a rule, do not contain suspended matter (that is, very
transparent), have low bacterial contamination, but along with these positive
qualities, in most cases, they are strongly mineralized. According to the nature of
dissolved salts in them, they can have one or another negative properties: high
hardness, unpleasant taste and some other properties [6].
The issue of choosing a source of water supply is one of the main issues in
the design of drinking water supply facilities, because it determines the
presence of one or another facility, and therefore the cost of construction and
operation [4].
When choosing a source of water supply, it is necessary to take into account
the quality of water and its capacity. The choice of water source is mainly
determined by local natural conditions, so first topographical, hydrological,
sanitary and other studies are carried out [6].
It is recommended to use underground water sources for household -
drinking water supply, and their non-use requires comprehensive reasons.
ShNQ 2.04.02-2019 prohibits the use of underground water for drinking quality
for purposes not related to domestic drinking water supply [4].
When there are several water sources, the available options are
compared technically and economically. Water collection facilities are built to
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take water from a natural source and partially purify it. Source selection should
be carried out according to UzDSt 951-2011 [6].
Fergana city industrial enterprises have an average of 10 accidents a year,
and 0.20% of the annual amount of drinking water is used for this. An average of
12 accidents occur in the city of Margilan in a year, and 0.17% of the annual
amount of drinking water is used for this. On average, accidents occur 12 times a
year in the city of Kukan, and 0.24% of the annual amount of drinking water is
used for this. In the city of Kuvasoy, on average, 20 accidents occur in a year, and
0.91% of the annual amount of drinking water is used for this [9]. Taking into
account the above information, it will be possible to prevent industrial
enterprises from throwing large amounts of wastewater into water bodies
without treatment by analyzing water consumption.
CONCLUSIONS
According to economic considerations, it is possible to reduce
costs for the construction of cyv collection devices, primary treatment stations,
natural and wastewater treatment facilities when using circulating water supply
systems. With the correct selection of industrial wastewater treatment methods,
it is possible to ensure that the water discharged into water bodies fully
complies with sanitary standards. Due to the prevention of pollution of water
bodies with industrial wastewater, the level of environmental safety will be
increased.
References:
1. On additional measures for the development of drinking water supply and
sewage systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan, November 30, 2018, PQ-4040.
2. On measures to improve the water resources management of the Republic of
Uzbekistan to increase the level of drinking water supply to the population and
improve its quality, November 26, 2019, No. PF-5883. 3. UzDST 951-2011.
Sources of domestic drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements
and selection rules
4. UzDST 950-2011. Hygienic requirements and quality control of drinking
water.
5. Sumarokov S.V. "Mathematical modeling of the water supply system." -
Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1983.-S. 178.
6. Khramenkov, S. V. "Strategy of modernization of the water supply system."
Stroyizdat, 2005. – 398 p
