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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF GLYCYRRHIZIN ACID
Namozov O.M.
1
Kazakhbaev S.A.
2
Rametullaeva V.K.
3
1
Tashkent state technical university named after Islam Karimov, associate
professor.
2
Karakalpak state university named after Berdakh doctoral student.
3
Nukus Military Academic Lyceum "Temurbek School", biology teacher
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13310333
Licorice, or licorice nude, or licorice smooth, or Licorice (Latin Glycyrrhíza
glábra, uzb. Bo'yon or Qizilmiya) - perennial herbaceous plant; species of the
genus Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) family of legumes (Fabaceae). Licorice is widely
used as a medicinal, food and technical plant, as a foaming agent.
It grows wild in France, Italy, South-Eastern Europe, North Africa, Western and
Central Asia. Cultivated in many areas with a temperate climate.
Roots and rhizomes contain carbohydrates and related compounds (glucose,
fructose, sucrose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch up to 34%, cellulose up to
30%, pectic substances), organic acids (succinic, fumaric, citric, apple, wine),
essential oil , triterpenoids (glycyrrhizic acid), resins, steroids (β-sitosterol),
phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives (ferulic, sivine, salicylic), coumarins
(herniarin, umbelliferone), tannins (8.3-14.2 %), flavonoids (liquidoritin,
isolikviritin, liquidoritoside, quercetin, kemferol, apigenin), higher aliphatic
hydrocarbons and alcohols, higher fatty acids, alkaloids.
In the aerial part, carbohydrates (up to 2.13 %), polysaccharides, organic acids
(up to 2.5), essential oil (0.02), triterpenoids (glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetic and
other steroids, β-sitosterol, glycestrone), saponin triterpenes, coumarins (1.9-
2.4), tannins (5.5), flavonoids (isoquercitin, quercetin, kaempferol, etc.), lipids
(6.26 %), nitrogen compounds (choline, betaine ), vitamins (ascorbic acid,
carotene).
Essential oil includes aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and their derivatives,
terpenoids, aromatic compounds, higher aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters of
higher fatty acids.
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Preparations from licorice irritate the mucous membranes, strengthening the
secretion of the glandular apparatus, in connection with which it is part of the
expectorant, diuretic and laxatives. This action is due to the content of saponins
in the raw material, which exert an expectorant, emollient and enveloping
action. Suppresses the production of testosterone [1].
Experiments on animals show that licorice preparations contribute to the
healing of ulcers.
On the medicinal use of licorice is said in the ancient monument of Chinese
medicine "Treatise on herbs." Chinese doctors attributed the licorice root to
first-class drugs and tried to include it in the composition of all medicinal
mixtures. In Tibet, it was believed that the roots of licorice "contribute to
longevity and a better departure of the six senses." Plant roots were widely used
in Middle Asia Avitsena.
It is used as a foaming agent in industry, in particular, for froth flotation in
metallurgy and as a part of mixtures for filling fire extinguishers.
In the Caucasus and Central Asia, a decoction of the roots is colored with wool
and koshmy. Liquorice is used in the manufacture of ink, carcass and rubber, in
the textile industry for fixing paints.
In the tobacco industry - for flavoring and flavoring of chewing, smoking and
snuff; in Japan - in the production of non-nicotine surrogate cigarettes.
Roots and rhizomes of plants in the food industry are used in the form of
extracts, syrups, as a surrogate of sugar and a foaming agent in soft drinks, beer,
kvass, tonic beverages; for better whipping of egg whites.
The plant is used for making coffee, cocoa, marinades, compotes, jelly, flour
products, halva, caramel, pastille and chocolate; as well as as a flavoring aid in
the processing of fish, when cabbage is sour, apples and cranberries are drunk,
as an additive to green tea and tea; in Kyrgyzstan - as a substitute for tea, in
Japan - as a food antioxidant supplement, in Japan and Egypt - among the
components of additives with bactericidal and fungicidal properties for food and
beverages [2].
The medicinal value has roots and rhizomes. They are part of the drugs
recommended for diseases of the upper respiratory tract as expectorant,
emollient, anti-inflammatory, in the composition of diuretic and laxatives, as
antacid and enveloping in hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer of stomach and
duodenum ("Lycviriton", "Flacarbin"), with bronchial asthma, neurodermatitis,
allergic and occupational dermatitis, eczema ("Glitsira"), rheumatism, gout,
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hemorrhoids. Licorice powder is also used in pharmaceutical practice as a basis
for pills and for improving the taste and smell of medicines [3].
Antiviral for external and local use. Glycyrrhizic acid is active against DNA and
RNA-containing viruses, including various strains of the viruses Herpes simplex,
Varicella zoster, human papillomaviruses [4], cytomegaloviruses. Antiviral
action is associated, apparently, with the induction of the formation of
interferon. Interrupts the replication of viruses in the early stages, causes the
virion to emerge from the capsid, thereby preventing its penetration into the
cells. This is due to selective dose-dependent inhibition of phosphorylating
kinase P. It interacts with virus structures, changing the different phases of the
viral cycle, which is accompanied by irreversible inactivation of virus particles
(in a free state outside cells), blocking the introduction of active viral particles
through the cell membrane inside the cell, viruses to the synthesis of new
structural components.
Glycyrrhizic acid, which contains up to 23% in licorice roots, gives them a sweet
taste. This made it possible to use glycyrrhizic acid in the therapeutic diet of
diabetic patients, for example, in Japan, where saccharin is forbidden. However,
the corticosteroid-like action of glycyrrhizic acid seems to limit its use as a sugar
substitute. Glycyrrhizic acid has an action reminiscent of the action of
deoxycorticosterone and cortisone.
Glycyrrhizic acid is found in licorice roots (licorice). It is used as a food
sweetener and as a part of licorice preparations, as a medicinal product. The
chemical name is 20 β- carboxy- 11- oxo- 30- norolean- 12- ene- 3 β- yl- 2- O- β-
D- gluco-pyranuronosyl- α- D- glucopyranosiduronic acid. Formula C
42
H
62
O
16
.
Molar mass 822.93 g/mol. [4].
From licorice a number of medicinal preparations are obtained:
• chest elixir (Latin Elixir pectorale or Elixir cum extracto Glycyrrhizae) - used as
an expectorant;
• licorice root extract thick, extract of licorice root dense (Extractum
Glycyrrhizae spissum);
• liquorice root extract dry, licorice root extract dry (Extractum Glycyrrhizae
siccum);
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Liquorice syrup (Sirupus Glycyrrhizae) - is a part of the drops of the Danish king;
• complex licorice powder (Pulvis Glycyrrhizae compositus)
In traditional medicine of the countries of the East and folk medicine of different
nations, licorice is used, as in scientific medicine and, in addition, in diabetic
patients, impotence, nephritis, prostatitis and prostate adenoma, whooping
cough (decoction in milk), angina pectoris, cholelithiasis, hypertension, rhinitis,
in the treatment of lymphogranulomatosis, leprosy. Inhibits viruses in
concentrations that are non-toxic to normally functioning cells.
It also has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and tissue regeneration-improving
effect, both with early manifestations of viral infection and with ulcer forms.
We studied the biological activity of the drug Megoferon - supramolecular
complex, which consists of glycyrrhizic acid and Megosin in a ratio of 2:1,
respectively. Megoferon has a high interferon-inducing activity.
In Central Asia, the plant lacritsa (Russian солодка, Uzbek – bo`yon (or
qizilmiya)) is widespread, which has biological activity against viral infections
like influenza, herpes, hepatitis, chlamydia. This biological activity is responsible
for glycyrrhizic acid, which accumulates in lacritsa (especially in its roots). The
chemotherapeutic drug Megosin is a derivative of Gossypol, which is extracted
from cotton seeds.
High interferon induction of Megoferon in embryonic tissue in mice, human, and
chicken has been studied. As a result, a mixture α, β and γ of interferon was
obtained (Table 1).
Interferon inducing drug activity in fibroblast cell culture embryos of
chick, mice and humans
Preparation
Interferon inducing drug activity in
fibroblast cell culture embryos of,
units/ml
chick
mice
humans
Glycyrrhizic acid, 10 mcg/ml
80
80
160
Megosin, 10 mcg/ml
128
256
128
Megoferon, 10 mcg/ml
5120
5120
2560
Potentiates the effect of gozolidone when taken together, the interferon titer in
the blood of experimental animals increases to 5120 units/ml and overcomes
the state of hyporeactivity of the organism.
[5-7].
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1. Dudchenko LG, Koziakov AS, Krivenko VV Spicy-aromatic and spicy-taste
plants: Reference book / Ans. Ed. K.M. Sytnik. - K .: Naukova dumka, 1989. - 304
p. - 100 000 copies. - ISBN 5-12-000483-0.
2.
Licoric.: Medline Plus Supplements, United States National Library of
Medicine, National Institutes of Health. 2011.
3.
Arase, Yasuji; Ikeda, Kenji; Murashima, Naoya; Chayama, Kazuaki; Tsubota,
Akihito; Koida, Isao; Suzuki, Yoshiyuki; Saitoh, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Masahiro;
Kumada, Hiromitsu (15 April 1997). "The long term efficacy of glycyrrhizin in
chronic
hepatitis
C
patients".
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(8):
1494–1500.
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patients with chronic hepatitis C infection". Clinical Therapeutics. 21 (12):
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5. Namozov O.M. Dissertational work on the theme of "Methods of regulation for
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6. Mambetkarimovich R. A. et al. DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY FOR
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