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MAHMUDJON TADJIBOEV-MASTER OF MAQAM ART
Rabimkulov Shokhrukh Azizkulovich
Head of the Department of the
Scientific-Research Institute of Culturology
and Intangible Cultural Heritage
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13300190
Abstract:
This article highlights the life and artistic activity of the Uzbek
maqam performer and master of maqam art, Mahmudjon Tadjiboev. In
particular, it examines the unique aspects of his school of students and his
contributions to the development and preservation of maqam art, presented
from a scholarly perspective.
Keywords:
Mahmudjon Tadjiboev, maqam, art, teacher-student, school,
traditional singing.
The Fergana Valley has been full of sensitive poets, artists, craftsmen, and
wonderful musicians and hafiz since time immemorial. I don’t think it is
necessary to list the names of master artists who passed away in the recent past.
Because almost all art masters, from teachers Hamrokul Qori to Zhorakhan
Sultanov or from Ma’murjon Uzokov to Fattahkhan Mamadaliyev, people who do
not pay attention to art know these artists very well, that the Fergana Valley is a
land of unique hafiz and great musicians. In this area, it is clear to everyone that
the cities of Kokan, Margilon, Andijan, Namangan have been formed as economic
and social centers in the Fergana Valley since ancient times. In addition, in these
valleys, the arts of singing and music have been developed since ancient times. If
we look at the big singing schools, Kokan, Beshariq, Margilan-Yozyovon, Andijan,
and Baliqchi schools can be a clear proof. Among them, Kuva-Asaka provinces,
located between Andijan and Margilon, are known for producing many artists
and producing many artists. For example, if we take Kuva Province, famous
artists such as Davronboy Hafiz Usta Juma, famous artists of Fergana Province
have lived here since ancient times. artists have matured. People’s Artist of
Uzbekistan Abduhoshim Ismailov, or Tavakkal Kadirov, People’s Artist of
Uzbekistan, and later, the late People’s Chief of Uzbekistan Makhmudjon
Tojiboyev, who were inspired by them.
Hafiz, whom we are going to write today, grew up in the village of «Bolalik
Qairaghoch» in Kuva province, he was known to our people and worked in the
ensemble of status named after Yunus Rajabi for several years and has been
teaching young people at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan. Professor,
People’s Court of Uzbekistan, recipient of the Order of Selfless Services, unique
singer and master artist Makhmudjon Tojiboyev.
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Makhmudjon Tojiboyev’s entry into art was passed down from his
grandfather. That is, Hafiz’s grandfather Davronboy Karimov was popularly
known as Davronboy Hafiz in Kuva and Fergana. This person was also the
teacher of Tavakkal Kadyrov. It was prepared by many students. Although they
were engaged in another profession, farming, the hafiz was inherited from their
father. Because that person was called Karim Qori by their fathers. Your
remembers some of the old people who were blind and had poor eyesight, and
they also performed epics by playing the dutor. On the other hand, Davronboy
Hafiz, accompanied by a tanbur, was recognized as having gained fame at public
gatherings and festivals by singing the Ferghana-Tashkent maqams Bayots,
Dugohs, Chorgohs, Shakhnozu Gulyars and many other classic songs of the
Ferghana Valley. Now, the songs “Girya and Beksultan” performed by Davronboy
Karimov, written by the folklore expedition, are stored in the State Institute of
Oriental Studies.
In addition, according to that person, mature hafiz and musicians lived in
the area. Egamberdi Mamatov, a well-known hafiz of his time, gave Makhmudjon
Tojiboyev his initial education. Egamberdi Mamatov Makhmudjon's
grandfathers were students of Davronboy Karimov. This person was an artist
who was able to perform some maqams accompanied by a violin in the
Ferghana-Tashkent method, from Shashmaqom, which has become a classic in
the Ferghana Valley. Unfortunately, not a single magnetic recording or other
memorabilia was preserved from that person. But in one or two places, it is
known that many big art schools have given him high marks after listening to
the songs he sang at local gatherings and weddings. Makhmudjon Tojiboyev first
became interested in art when he heard that person's songs when he was still a
young child. On the other hand, every person is definitely gifted by the Creator.
Without natural talent, it is difficult to achieve any result. We think that
Mahmudjon Tojiboyev was also a naturally gifted, thoughtful person who
enjoyed the factors of thinking. That’s why they found their way in life and
achieved a certain status because they were given the ability to perceive statuses
and seek to know their secrets.
Mahmudjon Tojiboyev remembers that when he heard Jorakhan Sultanov,
Mamurjon Uzokov, Komiljon Otaniyozov and Arifkhan Khotamov on the radio,
he fell in love with their mysterious songs. Later, after graduating from high
school, he entered the Tashkent Technical College of Cultural Education, where
he studied the history and theory of music, and received information on the
specialty of rubab from national songs. He studied at this school in the class of
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teacher Bahadir Ziyamuhammedov. At one of the meetings, the union invited Dr.
Fayzulla Karamatov, Professor of Art Studies, Makhmudjon, to study at the
conservatory. At that time, only a student who had completed the music school
could pass the exam to the Conservatory. However, the documents of
Makhmudjon Tojiboyev, who graduated from the cultural and educational
technical school with the recommendation of Fayzulla Muzaffarovich, will be
accepted at the Conservatory.
After passing the entrance exams with excellent grades, you will be
admitted to the ranks of students.
At the Dargah of Knowledge, young Makhmudjon takes lessons from the
late teachers Arif Ota Alimakhsumov, Fattakhan Mamadaliyev, and Turgun
Almatov from the tanbur. Among them, such teachers as Makhmudjon
Muhammedov Shavkat Mirzayev, Hamidjon Jalolov worked in the department of
traditional performance at that time, and Makhmudjon enjoyed the knowledge
and practical training of these teachers. Makhmudjon Tojiboyev, who was
educated by such teachers and later studied in the 4th year of the Conservatory,
was invited by his teacher Arif Ota Alimakhsumov to a temporary job in the
makomchilar ensemble. This is how Makhmudjon’s entry into the master
ensemble, the elite ensemble of his time, begins.
Makhmudjon begins to master the secrets of maqam performance while
standing in the ranks of the dargahs of his time. Even after finishing his studies
at the conservatory, he continues his work in the Yunus Rajabi makom ensemble
under the Uzbekistan Television and Radio Company. This dargah serves as a
huge laboratory for Makhmudjon to study the performance and science of the
art of status.
Makhmudjon, who has a deep mind, sharp thinking, and thirst for
knowledge, tries to master the science of status in every way. He tries to
understand the main elements of the most advanced Hafiz performance schools
of his time and scientifically integrate them into his performance practice. He
has been working creatively and practically at this school for almost 17 years
together with his mentors. Together with the team, he actively participates in
writing more than 100 status samples, works of composers and samples of folk
songs to the radio's golden fund.
Since 2000, he has been teaching at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan.
In fact, the period when Makhmudjon Tojiboyev worked in the team of
makomchilar ensemble named after Yunus Rajabi should be considered as a
special creative period. Because the period in which Makhmudjon Tojiboyev was
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formed as an artist, a hafiz and a skilled musician is mainly related to his work in
the Makam ensemble. Here, he had the privilege of working with a number of
famous teachers such as Arif Alimaksumov, Ochilkhan Otakhanov, Eson
Lutfullayev, Arifkhan Hotamov, Berta Davidova, Komuna Ismoilova, Hadiya
Yusupova, and achieved performance perfection in this ensemble. People's Artist
of Uzbekistan, winner of the «Order of Respect for the Country» Abduhoshim
Ismailov, who was the leader of the makomchilar ensemble, was also of special
importance in the work of Makhmudjon Tojiboyev. The reason is that
Makhmudjon took part in recording the status on the first gramophone record
after receiving training from a teacher who started work with a new perspective
and a new perspective.
At that time, with Mahmudjon Yoldoshev, who was accepted into the
maqam ensemble, the two Makhmudjons managed to turn the ensemble into a
good hafiz. In many cases, Abduhoshim Ismailov entrusted the most important
positions of reliable parties to the middle parties and taught them to be the
leader himself. These actions of the teacher showed their results. At that time,
the statuses of “Buzruk”, “Rost”, “Navo”, “Dugoh”, “Segoh”, “Iroq” were almost
completely rewritten in the golden fund of the radio and were recognized in the
first international competitions of gramophone records.
During 1998-2000, Professor Fattahkhan Mamadaliyev, People’s Office of
Uzbekistan, was teaching students in traditional performance at the
Conservatory. At that time, Fattahkhan Mamadaliyev’s health deteriorated. In
the last days of Fattahkhan Mamadaliyev’s life, Mahmudjon Tojiboyev visited
him frequently and informed him about his condition. One day, the teacher
asked Mahmudjon to go to the Conservatory to continue his work, and
Mahmudjon Tojiboyev accepted his request, and from that day he began to work
with Fattahkhan Mamadaliyev’s students to implement the teacher’s
instructions. Now, when he consulted with his teacher Ochilkhan Otakhanov
about moving directly from the radio to the Conservatory, Ochilkhan Otakhanov
also supported this proposal. Since 2000, Mahmudjon Tojiboyev finished his
career in the ensemble of makomists and started his career in the traditional
singing department of the Conservatory.
In Makhmudjon Tojiboyev's career in the art of status art, master artist
Ochilkhan Otakhanov had a great influence and place. The reason is that
Ochilkhan Otakhanov is an artist who has left a unique mark in the performance
of Uzbek status and has earned his place. In addition, the school of performance,
culture, science, and interpretation philosophy of the teacher captivated
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Makhmudjon. And most importantly, Makhmudjon worked together with this
person until the end of his life in creative, practical, teacher-student and
humanitarian relations.
Makhmudjon was honored to walk together with his teacher in public
service and in crowds for almost 16 years. At this point, one more thing should
be noted that an artist cannot reach high levels by acquiring only performance
skills. In this place, the artist's spiritual world, his inner world, his spiritual
experiences are also very important.
In his words, Makhmudjon Tojiboyev often emphasized that he learned
from his teacher Ochilkhan Otakhanov not only how to sing, but also the rules of
ethics necessary for an artist, how an artist should behave in public. has
emphasized many times that it should be kept. Walking together with Ochilkhan
Otakhanov, Makhmudjon Tojiboyev has emphasized that he learned a lot of
science in terms of art ethics, manners, spiritual and moral image. It is necessary
to mention this, especially in mentor-discipleship, it is necessary to emphasize a
lot about the role of the mentor in raising the disciple’s spirituality, bringing him
to maturity spiritually and intellectually. Because the times demand it.
When Makhmudjon Tojiboyev came to the Conservatory to work in the
department of traditional performance, there was a time when Rifatulla Kasimov
managed the department very skillfully. Rifatulla Kasimov was one of the real
teachers who had a place in our national performance and fully mastered the
basics of traditional performance pedagogy. Even now, experts in the field admit
it with words. One of the achievements of Professor Rifatulla Kasimov was that
he attracted qualified and talented specialists to the Conservatory and created a
unique spiritual atmosphere in the department. For example, People's Artist of
Uzbekistan «Order of Merit» Turgun Ota Alimatov, People’s Court of Uzbekistan
Kuvondik Iskandarov, Professor Matnazar Khudoynazarov, People's Artist of
Uzbekistan Zamira Suyunova, Honored Artist of Uzbekistan Komila Bo He used
their experience by attracting famous artists in the field of pedagogy.
M. Tojiboyev, who worked effectively for many years and managed to train
hundreds of students, since 2017, together with his work at the conservatory, he
has also been working as the head of the department of the newly established
Uzbek National Status Art Center «Master-Apprentice School». was able to make
a great contribution to the reformation of the industry and its development on
the scale of our republic, especially in the creation of exemplary makom
ensembles in all regions, in the creation of scientific developments, and most
importantly, in the development of a new generation in the culture of makom
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art. He created the textbook «Maqom alifbosi» for the education of the young
generation. Only «Maqom saboqlari» left a worthy legacy for the next
generation with electronic lectures, that is, more than 60 master classes.
Makhmudjon Tojiboyev had a high intellectual capacity, a scholar of
worldly and religious sciences, a philosopher of our time. It is a fact that these
were manifested in his lectures, especially in his musical and singing
performances. The creative legacy of Makhmudjon Tojiboyev is endless.
Learning it and leaving it as a program to younger generations is relevant for the
educational process of our time. The mastery of the secrets of performance of
status is definitely achieved in harmony with scientific aspects. For this, the
scientific and practical legacy of Makhmudjon Tojiboyev is an important factor.
The great artist of our country, distinguished scientist, professor Makhmudjon
Tojiboyev left this mortal world on July 11, 2020. However, there is no doubt
that the scientific and practical legacy left by Hafiz will serve the development of
the art of status, the study of the science of status, for researchers and students
for many years.
Literature:
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2. Qosimov R. An’anaviy ijrochilik. Т., 2007, 1-bet.
3. Оdilov А. O‘zbek xalq cholg‘ularida ijrochilik tarixi. Т., 1995, 90-bet.
4. Tashmatov A. “So‘g‘diyona” Davlat xalq cholg‘ulari kamer orkestri.
Monografiya. T., 2016.
5. Аkmaljonova M. Dutor orkestri. - Т., 2004, 8-bet.
