ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
168
FORMS AND MEANS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF ATHLETES
Elshod Yunusovich Rasulov
independent researcher of the Public Security
University of the Republic of Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15386093
Abstract.
The article discusses the content and essence of athletes'
psychological preparation and the activities carried out with them. Thus, the
main forms and means of psychological training of athletes and the possibilities
of their application are revealed.
Keywords:
athlete's personality, psychological preparedness, self-
management, psychological qualities, worldview, persuasion, self-persuasion,
responsibility, heterotraining, autotraining, psychoregulatory training,
psychomuscular training, ideomotor training.
Аннотация.
В статье изложены мнения о содержании, сущности
психологической подготовки спортсменов и проводимых с ними
мероприятиях. Таким образом, раскрыты основные формы и средства
психологической подготовки спортсменов и возможности их применения.
Ключевые слова:
личность спортсмена, психологическая подготовка,
самоуправление, психические качества, мировоззрение, убеждение,
самовнушение,
ответственность,
гетеротренинг,
аутотренинг,
психорегуляционный тренинг, психомышечная тренировка, идеомоторная
тренировка.
General psychological preparation solves the tasks of psychological
influence on the athlete. These tasks, aimed at the formation and development of
psychological qualities important for sports, help to teach special methods of
psychological self-regulation for adaptation to extreme conditions. General
psychological training serves the goals of improving self-management skills,
increasing competitive reliability, and thus achieving stable, high results[2].
Psychological preparation is the process of forming, strengthening, and
activating the readiness of an individual, a team, to perform a certain type of
activity or task [4].
The following are most commonly used as means of psychological training
of an athlete:
1. Formation of worldview. The most important and at the same time
complex problem is the formation of motives for sports activity, including
worldview as the most stable motive. This is achieved through the formation
and development of modern views on the cultural and historical roots of sports
in general, as well as the chosen sport, and the formation of own principles and
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
169
views of the athlete, team, coach on all issues of joint activity. In any sport, a
coach always has the opportunity for reliable communication, conversation,
convincing examples, and comparisons.
It is also effectively used to fairly justify the commands of thinking together
with athletes, to encourage and listen to reasoning, to thoroughly and
comprehensively manage goals, to reasonably predict success in upcoming
competitions, and to identify the motives of an athlete who can participate in a
particular situation[1].
2. Persuasion and self-persuasion. Through hypnosis (persuasion) or
individual self-command (self-persuasion), the athlete achieves necessary
changes in their mental state. Most often, persuasion and self-suggestion are
used to achieve the necessary conditions:
- sleep before a responsible start;
- rest between attempts;
- emphasizing one's own advantages and the shortcomings of rivals, etc.
Persuasion and self-persuasion are usually carried out in the following
form:
- heterotraining (using a hypnotist);
- autotraining (psycho-regulatory training, psychomuscular training,
ideomotor training);
- in the form of narrative performances (some specific opponent,
competition venue, specific actions of a judge);
- half-sleep "report" (the coach conducts a conditional report from the
competition), repeating the oaths before the match,
- using "simple" methods (amulets, various symbols, "happy" clothes and
shoes).
It should be noted that not all athletes have the ability to persuade,
therefore the use of these tools should be individual.
3. Preparation through participation in the activity.
Preparation with participation in the activity is the most versatile, but not
always sufficiently taken into account and evaluated, means of psychological
training of athletes and teams. Both the coach and the athlete must monitor the
wave-like nature of the loads, their frequency, work on movement techniques,
and constantly coordinate their movements with the conditions of participation
in upcoming competitions.
Sometimes the coach and athlete must develop the arsenal of actions of
competitive situations down to the smallest details, prepare possible variants of
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
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actions. Often, training is conducted according to the scheme of maximum
approximation to competition conditions.
4. Control and self-control. In sports practice, much attention is paid to
obtaining information about the parameters and results of movements,
including during their execution. This specially organized observation or self-
observation is a specific case of the coach and athlete's research activity, the
subject of pedagogical communication. The psychological development achieved
as a result of control and self-control is expressed in a higher awareness of
actions, in the culture of the athlete's motor behavior [3].
Control and self-control are carried out in the following form:
- diary;
- memorial reports on training and competitive situations;
- grades assigned by the coach and the athlete based on the intermediate
and final training parameters;
- instrumental control and video recording;
- observation of emotional manifestations (laughter, anger);
- also mood, state, desire to work, anxiety, insomnia.
5. Physiotherapeutic, apparatus-based psychopharmacological agents.
These funds are widely used in high-performance sports and in working with
less young athletes. The purpose of these means is to eliminate mental stress,
reduce painful sensations in the musculoskeletal system, improve mood, and
increase the div's adaptive capabilities to loads. The prescription and dosage
of these agents usually depends on the individual characteristics of the athletes
and is necessarily agreed upon with sports medicine specialists and
psychologists.
The specified funds include:
- sauna;
- massage, hydromassage and electromassage;
- swimming pool;
- functional music;
- devices for electroanalgesia and electronarcosis;
- psychotropic, pharmacological agents (tranquilizers, antidepressants,
psychostimulants, nootropics, adaptogens).
Forms of psychological preparation:
1. Development of pre-competition and pre-start behavior rituals;
2. Seconding (specially organized control of the athlete's behavior
immediately before the start or competition);
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3. Ideomotor training (use of ideas about movements immediately before
performing them);
4. Development of skills in switching from one type of activity to another or
breaking away from obsessive forms of activity;
5. Full or partial modeling of competitive situations;
6. Adaptation to the conditions and mode of the upcoming competitions (in
terms of time, climatic and weather conditions, accommodation conditions for
participants, etc.).
From the presented ideas, it can be seen that in the psychological training of
athletes, along with their mental state, technical training is also important.
Therefore, the use of psychological and physiological means in the psychological
training of athletes is considered effective.
References:
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«Спортивная борьба», 1971. – 200 с. 43
3.Марищук B.JI. Самоконтроль и саморегуляция спортсмена Текст. / B.JI.
Марищук, JI.K. Серова // Информационные аспекты управления
подготовкой спортсменов: сб. науч. тр. М., 1987. – С. 90-105.
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