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DAIRY 4.0 AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Toliev Kh.I.
Tashkent University of Information Technologies
named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15461553
The application of innovative technological solutions and the automation of
various processes in the national economy are of crucial importance in
addressing the shortage of natural resources and emerging global challenges
associated with the world's growing population. In light of this, the emergence of
the concept of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) aims to support
efficient and sustainable production by integrating advanced digital
technologies, tools, and resources. The rapid development of Industry 4.0
represents a true solution to these pressing issues.
Industry 4.0 enables real-time internet connectivity for various layers of
data sources and allows for fast and efficient processing of large volumes of data.
This ensures rapid production of high-quality products that meet demand in
manufacturing and facilitates integration between different systems. Industry
4.0, which incorporates numerous advanced sensor technologies, can improve
the technological structure of the dairy sector, an important link in the food
industry.
In line with the development of industrial generations, new principles such
as PLF (Precision Livestock Farming), PDF (Precision Dairy Farming), SFM
(Smart Farming Management), and Dairy 4.0 with modern technological support
are emerging in the livestock sector over the next decade. These principles offer
significant opportunities, including automatic manure cleaning in farm
buildings, microclimate control, remote identification and inventory of cattle
through electronic chips, collection of information about objects via non-
invasive and invasive sensors and IoT devices, robotic control, optimal feeding
tailored to individual animals, monitoring milk parameters during the milking
process, early detection of cattle diseases, application of artificial intelligence
tools based on big data, effective breeding and decision-making, and most
importantly, reducing human intervention and managing resource efficiency
through online management. In particular, the adoption of these innovative
technologies in line with Industry 4.0 has led to the establishment of new dairy
farms known as "Dairy 4.0."
The developmental stages of the dairy industry are distinguished from one
another by several characteristics, including the technologies employed,
methods of implementing feed and breeding practices, data analysis techniques,
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and the farm's environmental impact. Below, we will explore the distinctive
features of the periods from Dairy 1.0 to Dairy 4.0, as well as the key
components of Dairy 4.0.
Figure 1.
Dairy 1.0 (Traditional)
dairy farming employs a conventional approach
with minimal automation, relying primarily on manual labor. Animal feeding,
milking, health monitoring, and breeding processes are conducted based on
human observation and intervention. Furthermore, there is minimal attention to
environmental impact, limited veterinary services, and the collection and
management of records are predominantly carried out manually using paper-
based systems.
Dairy 2.0 (Mechanized)
represents the modernization era of the dairy
industry. It primarily involves implementing key mechanization methods to
reduce human labor on farms. Practices such as ration-based feeding of farm
animals, controlled breeding, and improved healthcare protocols have been
introduced. While records are still maintained on paper, the requirements for
data management and collection have evolved, incorporating the results of
scientific research.
Dairy 3.0 (Automated)
is characterized by this period of dairy farming and
the introduction of milking machines and specialized mechanisms. This phase
involves implementing improved feeding practices, artificial insemination and
effective breeding management, ensuring optimal microclimate conditions,
reducing the farm's environmental impact, disease detection and management,
as well as, most crucially, maintaining electronic records and conducting data
analysis.
Dairy 4.0 (Smart Farm)
represents the most advanced stage of the dairy
industry, integrating modern technologies to optimize all processes, manage the
farm territory technologically, ensure sustainability, and minimize negative
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environmental impacts. The essential components that constitute the 4th
generation of the dairy industry are shown in Figure 2, and their important
aspects will now be examined.
2-rasm.
Dairy 4.0 ni tashkil qiluvchi komponentlar
Robotics
is one of the latest developing technologies in the dairy industry,
which includes robotic automatic milking systems, waste removal systems, and
individual cattle feeding systems. In particular, automatic milking systems allow
for a significant increase in milking frequency and productivity by reducing
labor costs , while manure removal systems help prevent risks to cow health and
reduce ammonia gas emissions. Sensors installed in robotic systems enable the
collection of accurate real-time data, which can be used to analyze daily milk
yield and parameters, as well as predict important values (Figure 3).
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Dairy Robotics systems
Automated Milking
systems
On-floor
cleaning
Benefits of robotics
Increased milking
frequency
Increased
productivity
Accurate and real-time
collection of data
Figure 3.
The role of robotic systems in the dairy industry
3D printing
is a production system that allows for controlling the shape
and structural ingredients of food products, as well as meeting individual
nutritional requirements. Currently, this is being used in the production of meat
and meat analogues, egg whites, and protein products. The scope of 3D printing
in dairy products is primarily characterized by the following five key concepts:
innovative, futuristic, healthy, efficient, and sustainable.
Big Data
methods bring significant benefits to dairy farms (Figure 4),
including improving dairy farm management, predicting milk productivity,
enhancing quality and quantity, and facilitating both operational and strategic
decision-making. BigData helps identify and predict milk productivity and
diseases at both individual cow and herd levels, assists in herd formation, and
contributes to improving farm profitability. BigData is formed as a result of
collecting and integrating various property data of real-time objects into a
central database. Currently, important studies in farm practices are achieving
successful results, such as forming nutritional groups, assessing animal health,
predicting early clinical mastitis and lameness, and obtaining maximum profit
with minimal costs.
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Figure 4.
Benefits of Big Data for the dairy industry
IoT (Internet of Things)
is a standalone operational tool that enables the
collection of various real-time data about objects, performs initial processing,
and transmits this information to computing nodes in a communication
environment. For instance, IoT devices that monitor cows' temperature, heart
rate, and movement patterns provide information about their health, location,
and activity levels. IoT applications vary depending on the issue being
addressed, but their operating mechanisms are almost identical. They typically
consist of a complex including sensors, connection to a communication network,
memory, control and processing board, power source, motor drive, and
information input and output components. Data obtained from the sensors are
recorded in memory, initially processed, compared with standards, and, if
necessary, messages are transmitted to other nodes. In animal husbandry, IoT
tools are used for animal monitoring, health control, and automation of farming
operations.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
is primarily used to assess the health and well-
being of dairy animals for milk productivity. In this case, AI simplifies the
decision-making processes by utilizing a range of data sources about an
individual, from highly important to seemingly unnecessary information
gathered from rarely used source. AI determines the requirements for effective
cow management based on physiological and environmental factors, which
helps ensure high-quality milk production. Dairy 4.0 utilizes AI to improve
product quality, meet customer demands, and enhance dairy farm practices.
Blockchain
is a new technology that is rapidly penetrating various fields.
This technology enables customers to track the production and quality of their
products. Blockchain technology is being applied in the development of smart
ecosystems for milk supply chains to help provide sustainable and safe food for
the growing global population. In her research study, Mangla investigated how
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blockchain technology can be utilized to enhance the social sustainability of milk
supply chains in Turkey. They have identified several advantages of this
technology, including preventing food fraud, developing rural areas, protecting
animal welfare and health, and ensuring food security.
In conclusion, the Dairy 4.0 concept represents a crucial step towards
digitalization and automation in the dairy industry. Its implementation not only
enhances production efficiency but also strengthens food security, protects the
environment, and enables more effective utilization of human resources. In the
future, as a result of integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence and
blockchain in this direction, "smart farms" are expected to develop further,
leading to the emergence of sustainable and cost-effective systems that meet the
demands of the global dairy market.
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