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ULTRASOUND IN THE DETECTION OF MASTOPATHY IN
WOMEN
Nasriddinov Behruz Zaini ugli
Department of Nuclear Medicine and
Medical Radiology, Bukhara State Medical Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15707215
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Qabul qilindi: 10-Iyun 2025 yil
Ma’qullandi: 14-Iyun 2025 yil
Nashr qilindi: 20-Iyun 2025 yil
Mastopathy is one of the most common benign breast
diseases in women of reproductive age. According to
the World Health Organization, more than 60% of
women aged 20 to 48 years are affected by various
forms of mastopathy. The disease is characterized by an
increase in connective and glandular tissue, which can
lead to the development of nodular formations and an
increase in the risk of oncological processes. In this
regard, timely diagnosis is of great importance, which
allows detecting pathological changes in the early
stages and preventing possible complications.
Ultrasound (ultrasound) is a non-invasive, convenient
and safe method for diagnosing breast diseases. Unlike
mammography, ultrasound does not expose the patient
to ionizing radiation, which makes it the preferred
method for examining women under 40 years of age. In
addition, ultrasound allows you to assess the structure
of the mammary gland in real time, detect even minor
changes, and monitor the dynamics of the condition
during treatment. However, despite the widespread use
of the method, questions remain about its sensitivity
and specificity in diagnosing various forms of
mastopathy.
KEY WORDS
ultrasound, breast, mastopathy,
ionizing radiation, reproductive
age.
Relevance:
Mastopathy is one of the most common benign diseases of the mammary
glands, especially in women of reproductive age. According to various statistics, up to 60-85%
of women experience some form of diffuse or nodular mastopathy during their lives. The main
causes of pathology are hormonal disorders, stress, chronic gynecological diseases and
adverse environmental factors, which emphasizes the multifactorial nature of the disease. In
the context of the increase in the incidence of mammary gland diseases, as well as increased
vigilance against oncological processes, timely diagnosis of mastopathy is of particular
importance. Currently, ultrasound (US) is one of the most popular and safe diagnostic
methods, especially in women under 40 years of age, who have predominantly dense
glandular tissue, which limits the effectiveness of mammography. Ultrasound allows not only
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to detect structural changes in the mammary gland tissue, but also to conduct differential
diagnostics between benign and suspicious formations. In addition, the method does not
require the use of ionizing radiation, which makes it safe for repeated use, including dynamic
monitoring of patients. Thus, the study of the effectiveness of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool
for mastopathy in women of reproductive age is of high clinical importance. This will not only
increase the accuracy of early detection of breast diseases, but also optimize the direction of
patients, reduce the time to diagnosis and timely start of treatment, prevent the development
of complications and reduce the risk of oncological changes.
Materials and methods:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) in
the diagnosis of mastopathy in women of reproductive age. The work was conducted at the
Bukhara Regional Oncology Scientific Center. The study included 100 women aged 20 to 48
years who presented with complaints of pain, heaviness, swelling of the mammary glands, as
well as during a preventive examination. All participants signed a prior informed consent to
participate in the study. Inclusion criteria: reproductive age, history of malignant neoplasms
of the mammary glands, absence of pregnancy or lactation at the time of the study. Patients
with confirmed oncological diseases, as well as severe inflammatory processes in the
mammary glands were excluded. Each participant underwent:
- Clinical examination, including history taking and palpation of the mammary glands.
- Ultrasound examination of the mammary glands using high-frequency linear sensors
with a frequency of 7.5–13 MHz on the Mindray Zonare device. The study was conducted in
the first phase of the menstrual cycle (on days 5–12) to minimize the impact on hormonal
levels.
- In some cases (as indicated), mammography and / or cytological examination
(puncture) were performed to confirm the diagnosis.
According to the results of the ultrasound examination, the following parameters were
determined:
- the echostructure of the mammary gland tissue;
- the presence and characteristics of focal changes (cysts, fibrous areas, nodular
formations),
- signs of proliferative processes;
- the state of regional lymph nodes.
The data of ultrasound diagnostics were compared with the results of the clinical
examination, additional examination methods (if any) and the final clinical diagnosis.
In this study, sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the following formulas:
Sensitivity = (True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative)) × 100%
Specificity = (True Negative / (True Negative + False Positive)) × 100%
Results and Discussion: The results of the questionnaire showed that 38.2% of the
respondents (38 women) were urban residents, and 61.8% (60 women) were rural residents.
In terms of the frequency of development, diffuse mastopathy prevailed over other clinical
forms of mastopathy. The results of the occurrence of mastopathy by clinical types are
presented below (Table 1).
Table 1. Clinical forms of mastopathy
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Forms of mastopathy
Residence
Age
20-30
31-45
Abc
%
Abc
%
Diffuse mastopathy
City (n=19)
8
42,1
11
57,8
Village (n=28)
12
42,8
16
57,1
Nodular mastopathy
City (n=10)
3
30
7
70
Village (n=20)
4
20
16
80
Mixed form
City (n=8)
1
12,5
7
87,5
Village (n=12)
4
33,3
8
667,7
As can be seen from the table, the diffuse form of mastopathy (Fig. 2) was diagnosed in
almost every second woman examined, which accounts for 48.4% of cases (47 patients) and is
the most common form. Nodular mastopathy (Fig. 2) occurred in 30.9% of cases, almost every
third woman (30 patients). The mixed form of mastopathy was detected in 20 women, which
accounts for 20.6% of all cases.
1. Nodular mastopathy. 2. Diffuse mastopathy.
The study found the following:
1. Ultrasound revealed diffuse mastopathy in 41 of 46 cases, which corresponds to a
sensitivity of 88.9%.
2. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of nodular mastopathy was 93.8% (30 of
31 cases were morphologically confirmed).
3. In the group of patients with a mixed form of the disease, ultrasound revealed
pathological changes in 20 of 24 cases (sensitivity 90%).
The overall sensitivity of the method was 90.5%, and the specificity was 85.7%. False
negative results were observed in 14.3% of cases, which is associated with microscopic
changes that are difficult to see on ultrasound.
Conclusion:
The results of the study confirm the high efficiency of ultrasound in
detecting mastopathy in women of reproductive age. The method shows high sensitivity,
especially in nodular and mixed forms of the disease. However, for more accurate diagnosis,
an integrated approach is recommended, including mammography and morphological
methods of analysis. Ultrasound allows for dynamic monitoring of patients, which is especially
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important when prescribing conservative therapy. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity,
the method has limitations associated with the dependence of the quality of the study on the
level of training of the specialist and the technical characteristics of the device. In this regard,
it is advisable to conduct additional training for diagnosticians and introduce modern
ultrasound technologies.
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2
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