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THE MAIN FEATURES OF TERMINOLOGY TRANSLATION
Tairova Maxfuza Abdusattorovna
Independent researcher at the Department of English
Language and Literature at Termez University of Economics and Service
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14258633
Annotation:
The aim of the article is to reveal the main features of
terminology in translation process. Terminology translation plays a crucial role
in fields such as science, technology, law, and medicine, where precision and
consistency are paramount. The article examines key aspects of terminology
translation, including the importance of understanding both the source and
target languages, the role of cultural context, and the need for adaptation to
specific disciplines.
Keywords:
Terminology, translation, literature, philosophy, theory.
In world linguistics, it is being crucial to pay an attention to the field of
terminology translation. In recent years, modern linguistics has witnessed a
significant increase in interest regarding the study of specific sublanguages that
cater to various fields of professional activity. This heightened focus on
languages for special purposes can largely be attributed to the dramatic
proliferation of specialized terminology across diverse scientific disciplines. As a
result, this surge in terminological vocabulary has begun to permeate everyday
speech, extending far beyond the confines of professional communicative
contexts that would typically involve expert discourse. One of the prominent
characteristics of our contemporary era is that terminology, once confined to
specialists, is now being integrated into general conversations by individuals
who may not possess formal training in specific fields. This trend is particularly
evident in technical discourse, where technical terminology is increasingly
utilized in a variety of non-specialist contexts. The ongoing advancement of
technology and the rapid pace of technical progress contribute to the continuous
evolution of this vocabulary, necessitating a deeper understanding of its
structural and semantic features.
The author of this article delves into these attributes of English
terminology as it applies within technical texts. A thorough examination of how
these terms are structured and their meanings is crucial for effective
communication in technical and professional environments. Moreover, the
article addresses the complexities involved in translating terminology in
different languages, an endeavor that poses unique challenges, especially given
the dynamic nature of new terminology that frequently emerges in various
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fields. The analysis of terminology is grounded primarily in the examination of
technical literature, which is integral to modern life and production processes.
As industries grow and scientific and technological advancements continue to
unfold, a substantial number of new terms are generated, many of which remain
absent from established dictionaries. This swift development can create notable
hurdles for translators who are faced with the task of conveying these newly
coined terms into another language accurately and effectively.
Overall, this study highlights the necessity of understanding the ongoing
growth and transformation of specialized vocabularies, as well as the need for
linguists and translators to adapt their approaches in response to the challenges
posed by this ever-evolving landscape of technical terminology.
There are a lot of concepts underlying translation theories. Acccording to
Bensoussan, some of these concepts of translation is closely related to the
reading process. In addition to this, both well-known scientists Hatim and
Munday (2004) suggest that translation is a process involving the negotiation of
meaning between producers and receivers of the text. In terms of Larson (1984)
states that in general translation communicates, as much as possible, the same
meaning that was understood by the speakers of the source language, using the
normal language form of the receptor language, while maintaining the dynamics
of the original source-language text. She also expresses that the goal of a
translator should o produce a receptor language text (a translation) that is
idiomatic; i.e., one that has the same meaning as the source-language text, but is
expressed in the natural form of the receptor language.
Before delving into the complexities of term translation issues within
scientific and technical texts, it is essential to first explore the definition and
linguistic characteristics of what constitutes a term. According to the linguist O.S.
Akhmanova, a term can be understood as a specific word or a combination of
words within a particular language that has been deliberately created, accepted,
borrowed, or otherwise adopted for the precise expression of specialized
notions and for denoting specific objects or concepts. This perspective highlights
the intentional nature of term creation in linguistic contexts, indicating that
terms are not arbitrary but rather serve a distinct purpose in facilitating clear
communication about specialized subjects. Similarly, S.V. Grinev offers a
comparable definition, asserting that a term is a unique lexical unit whether a
single word or a phrase that is characteristic of a particular language and is
employed to provide an exact name for a specific concept. This definition
emphasizes the importance of specificity and clarity in the use of terms, as they
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must accurately convey the intended meaning within their given context. Both
definitions underscore a crucial aspect of terminology: that terms must be
unambiguously identified and understood within their respective contexts. This
necessity for clarity is particularly significant in scientific and technical domains,
where any ambiguity could lead to misunderstanding or miscommunication.
Therefore, a thorough understanding of the linguistic nature of terms is vital
before undertaking the study of their translation issues.
According to the outlined requirements, it is essential to distinguish
between two primary categories of terms used within scientific and technical
contexts:
1) general scientific and technical terms, and 2) specific nomenclature terms.
The first category, which encompasses general scientific and technical terms, is
designed to represent broad concepts and principles that are widely applicable
across various fields of science and technology. These terms help facilitate
communication and understanding among professionals and laypersons alike, as
they encompass ideas that are foundational to numerous disciplines. On the
other hand, the second category consists of specific terms that are part of
specialized nomenclature within particular scientific or technical fields. These
terms are crucial for precise communication within a given discipline, as they
denote particular concepts and phenomena that may not be recognized outside
of that professional context. T.M. Dementieva explains that terminology, which
comprises a coherent set of terms, functions as an autonomous component of
any national language. This terminology is deeply intertwined with professional
practices and activities, reflecting the specific knowledge and expertise required
in various scientific and technical professions. In any branch of science,
technology, or production, terms are systematically categorized into their own
unique systems. These systems establish conceptual relationships with the
knowledge specific to a profession, effectively harnessing the power of language
to express these intricate connections. It is noteworthy that, in general language
use outside the boundaries of established terminology a word may possess
multiple meanings or interpretations. However, when a term is integrated into a
defined terminology, it undergoes a transformation that bestows it with a level
of unambiguity. This shift ensures that the term conveys a single, clear meaning
that is universally understood within the context of that specific field, thereby
enhancing clarity and reducing the potential for miscommunication.
The primary challenge in achieving translation equivalence within
scientific and technical texts lies in accurately reproducing the original content
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while utilizing the terminological framework of the target language. The
disparities in the terminological systems between the source and target
languages present significant obstacles in the translation process of these texts.
Consequently, it is essential to examine the terminological systems and explore
methods for translating partially equivalent and non-equivalent vocabulary. The
investigation of terminology represents a critical aspect of the study of scientific
and technical texts. A term or phrase is indicative of a concept specific to a
particular field of knowledge or activity. Identifying the differences in the
conceptual systems represented by the terms from both the source and target
languages is a vital step toward achieving interlanguage harmonization of term
systems, ultimately facilitating effective translation of terms in their respective
fields of application.
In conclusion, the translation of terminology plays a vital role in
facilitating effective communication within specialized fields, as it ensures the
accurate conveyance of knowledge across diverse languages and cultures. The
primary characteristics of terminology translation encompass a deep
understanding of the subtleties inherent in both the source and target languages,
along with the technical or scientific context in which the terminology is utilized.
Significant challenges include addressing language-specific concepts, ensuring
consistency, and modifying terms to align with the cultural and linguistic
standards of the intended audience. Various translation techniques such as
direct translation, borrowing, calques, and neologisms are employed to maintain
meaning and enhance clarity. Successful terminology translation not only
bridges linguistic divides but also improves comprehension in sectors such as
law, science, technology, and medicine, thereby contributing to the global
exchange of knowledge and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. Ultimately,
the precision and adaptability of terminology translation are essential for
promoting effective communication in an increasingly interconnected world.
References:
1.
Ahmanova OS 2004 “Slovar lingvisticheskih terminov”. Dictionary of
Linguistic Terms (Moscow: Editorial).
2.
Bensoussan, M. (1990). EFL reading as seen through translation and
discourse analysis: Narrative vs. expository texts. English for Specific Purposes,
9, 49-66.
3.
Grinev S V 1991 Terminology and Scientific Cognition (Мoscow) 1 15-27.
4.
Hatim, B., & Munday, J. (2004). Translation: An advanced source book.
London: Routledge.
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5.
Larson, M. (1984). Meaning-based translation: A guide to cross language
equivalence. Lanham: University Press of America.
6.
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/translation_studies/article/view/6033?ys
clid=m43lam8rwn972393315
