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PHILOSOPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CONCEPT OF THINKING
AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
Pulatov Bakhodir Abduraupovich
Independent researcher of Fergana State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13162101
Abstract:
In the article, the theoretical and methodological foundations of
the formation of ideals of military heroism in the thinking of young people, the
socio-philosophical foundations of the formation of ideals of military heroism in
the thinking of young people are studied. Also, the theoretical aspects of the
formation of ideals of military heroism in the thinking of young people are
analyzed.
Key words:
thinking, patriotism, idealism, phenomenon, rational,
heroism, military heroism, historical, military courage, pride, national,
philosophical, patriotism, moral, education.
INTRODUCTION.
The deepening of democratic reforms and the further
development of civil society in the new Uzbekistan show how powerful the
harmony of real opportunity and historical ideal is. The harmony of real
possibility and historical ideal is clearly manifested in the destiny of every
nation and state and is enriched with new innovations based on the
requirements of the time. This requires combining historical ideals with reality
and using them as an educational mechanism.
As a result of the restoration of historical values, the growing process of
national identity awareness of peoples, important positive changes are taking
place in the way of thinking. These changes taking place in our lives are
absorbed into the hearts and minds of people, and they cultivate a sense of
confidence in the future, a sense of freedom and liberty. The new development
strategy paves the way for us to enjoy our rich cultural and spiritual heritage,
the springs of spirituality created by our great ancestors. Inculcating the
educational process based on such historical values in young people remains
one of the priority tasks.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODS.
In the spiritual heritage created
by mankind, ideas about heroism are found in mythological, religious-didactic,
epic works such as the Avesta, Tripitaka, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Iliad,
Alpomish, divine books such as the Torah, Psalms, Bible, Qur'an, hadiths and it is
found in the examples of our classical literature, in the works of many
philosophers. Problems of the impact of scientific research on historical and
moral ideals on youth education R.Michner, S.Kautz, J.Sitser, Fernand Grenand,
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Frederic Starr, Eiji Mano, Magida Mahluf, Mark Bonnell, Yul Janssens, Masataka
Takeshita, Shi Yunli, P. Petrov, S.I. Tyulyayev, S.P. Tolstov, K. Pirliyev, R.R. Safin,
I.F. Kharlamov, B. Toychiyev, I. Inoyatov, M. Abilov, V. Kaloshin, O. Abdurasulov,
A. Sa'diyev . .Komilov, U. Mansur, U. Mahkamov, S. Nishonova, N. Artikov, O.
Musurmonova, K. Qilichevalar.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
First of all, it is necessary to clarify the
essence of the concept of "thinking". In "Philosophy: an encyclopedic dictionary"
the concept of "thinking" is defined as follows: "Thinking (Arab. - thinking,
intellectual knowledge) - determines the common, important features of objects
and events, internal, necessary connections between them, legal a rational stage
of cognition that reflects connections" [7].
According to Doctor of Psychology, Professor E. Ghaziyev, "thinking is the
highest form of human mental activity, mental intelligence, conscious
movement. Thinking is a tool for knowing the environment, social environment
and reality, as well as the main condition for the rational implementation of a
wide range of human activities" [1].
According to the psychologist scientist E.Z.Usmonova, thinking is a process
that is formed in the conditions of social life, and it first manifests itself in the
form of broad subject (practical) activity, and then it becomes a form that takes
the character of "mental" behavior [6].
Another scientist K. Shonazarov proposed the following set of definitions
of the concept of "thinking": thinking means the conscious reflection of reality
with its objective features, connections, and relationships that cannot be directly
perceived by a person; thinking begins when a problem arises for which there is
no ready solution. A person begins to think when there is a need to know
something; thinking is the activity of the mind aimed at clearly, deeply, fully and
directly summarizing and directly reflecting (knowing) reality; thinking is the
process of summarizing and reflecting objects and events with their legal
connections and relationships in the human brain; thinking is a process of direct
and generalized reflection of reality in the process of analysis and synthesis,
socially related to the search and discovery of new things; thinking is a cognitive
process aimed at indirectly and generalized reflection of the individual; thinking
is an active perception of objective reality; It is the formation, movement and
development of knowledge in the form of concepts, considerations, opinions,
conclusions, theories and theories [8].
According to another definition, thinking is a high form of human mental
activity; the process of reflection of objective reality in the mind. Thought is
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considered a tool for knowing the environment, social phenomena, reality, as
well as the main condition for the implementation of human activities. It is a
higher cognitive process that reflects reality more fully and accurately than
intuition, perception, and imagination. In the process of thinking, thoughts,
opinions, ideas, hypotheses, etc. are formed in a person, and they are expressed
in the mind of a person in the form of concepts, judgments, conclusions. Through
human thinking, it summarizes reality and indirectly (indirectly), understands
the most important connections, relationships, and features between things and
events. Therefore, a person has the ability to foresee the emergence,
development and consequences of social events and events based on certain
laws, regulations and rules.
Thinking has the following main features:
1) it perceives reality in an abstracted and generalized way. In contrast to
emotional cognition, thinking allows us to focus on its general, important,
recurring properties and relationships, abstracting from the insignificant,
secondary (usually determined by the task of cognition) features of the object;
2) thinking indirectly reflects existence. In it, new knowledge is created by
relying on existing knowledge, without directly referring to experience every
time. Thinking is based on the relationship between objects and events;
3) thinking is the creative activity of a person. In it, the cognitive process
involves the creation of highly idealized objects (for example, concepts such as
an absolute solid div, ideal gas), and the construction of various formal
systems. With their help, it is possible to foresee and predict objects and events;
4) thought is inextricably linked with language. Thought is an ideal
phenomenon. It is realized only in language - material phenomenon (sound
waves, graphic lines), b. it enters into a form that people can directly accept and
feel and becomes a means of exchange of ideas between people. In other words,
language is a form of direct realization of thought [7]. Summarizing the above
definitions, it can be said that thinking is a high form of human mental activity,
and it is a tool for knowing the world around, a condition for the emergence of
rational practical human activity. The thinking process begins when a problem
situation arises for which there is no ready solution. That is, a person begins to
think when he needs to know something.
Philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature distinguishes two
types of thinking: rational and irrational. M. Tajiyev and B. Ziyamuhammadov
call the second of these types of thinking thinking with the help of muroqaba
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(inner feelings). According to them, the first reflects the private side of the
objective entity, while the second is related to the wave front [5].
Rational thinking is carried out on the left side of the brain and expresses
the properties of things and events. In this case, a person perceives the specific
aspects of things and events in parts and rationally connects them to each other.
Thinking with the help of Murokaba is mainly carried out in the right
hemisphere of the brain, which feels the wave of objective existence. Through
such thinking, a person can imagine, give in to emotions, create intentions and
creativity, have fun, read fiction, engage in science. With the help of this type of
thinking, a person can feel the objective existence as a whole - a set, and feel the
necessary connection between the parts that make up this whole [5].
The laws of thought are the necessary connections between thoughts in
the process of discussion, the requirements necessary for the correct
construction of the discussion. The laws of thinking include the clarity of
thought, the consistency and systematicity of thought, the non-contradiction of
the thinking process, and the use of true judgments in the process of thinking.
The process of developing the thinking of young people is related to the
development of their intellectual activity. Intellectual skills include the
development of memory; development of perception; the development of
imagination; reflects the development of attention [9].
Intellect is a personality trait, the ability to clearly and deeply reflect
objects and events of objective existence in our mind with their specific
connections and laws.
Intelligence is seen in all mental processes, primarily in thinking and
creative imagination. It is more often observed when solving a bright new
problem independently.
There are several qualities of intelligence, due to the fact that it is
developed at different levels in different people: the clarity of the mind - the
simplicity and reliability of thoughts, the absence of some kind of thought. This
is not only intellectual, but in some sense moral. For the intelligibility of the
mind is usually to feel responsible not only for action, but also for thoughts;
rationality of the mind is a strict continuity and systematicity in thinking; depth
of mind or thoughtfulness - the ability to recognize uniqueness in objects and
events; breadth of mind - the ability to think taking into account all aspects of
the issue; softness and flexibility of mind - absence of stereotypes, ability to
change thinking; independence and originality. It is not a mere softness of mind,
but innovation is a creative feature of mental activity; the criticality of the mind
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is the absence of unexamined, simply received judgments, the existence of a
deeply studied, analyzed, serious attitude to denials. All these individual
characteristics of the human mind appear in the process of work, it is formed
and developed [3].
Philosophy: in the encyclopedic dictionary, the concept of "ideal" is
derived from the French "ideal" and the Latin "idealus", meaning "image",
"criterion", "perfection". It is written as a term that expresses the highest goal of
dreams and aspirations [7]. It is also noted in another foreign source that the
concept of "ideal" means "idea" in Greek, i.e. "model", "norm" [4]. In our opinion,
the ideal is an ideal image, has a normative character, and is important in
determining the character and method of behavior of certain people or social
groups. However, although there was a concept of "ideal" in the past, there was
no name for the term of reality that represented it. Instead, various words and
expressions were used and were called "realism" and "vitality". Ideal is an
important philosophical category of social importance. Because of this, the social
ideal is interpreted in close connection with the concept of "reality". Therefore,
the term "social ideal" represents a set of knowledge aimed at knowing,
understanding, and goodness of all aspects of social existence, and secondly, the
desire for them. Therefore, dissatisfaction with the existing reality can be
considered as an expression of the desire to improve the life of society and the
state. And in the existing socio-political system and relations, the buds of the
social ideal are formed.
Referring to the role of the ideal in the history of socio-philosophical
thinking and various approaches, analyzes and interpretations in this regard, to
see that this problem has been researched in the form of social-political, moral-
aesthetic ideals in the activities of foreign and Uzbek scientists since the 60s of
the 20th century. possible In particular, Russian scientists E. Ilyenkov "ideal - the
highest value: the best ending of this or that event; A.N. Yasenko defines the
ideal as the goal of the goal, connecting it with the social activity of a person
[10].
CONCLUSION.
Everyone strives for an ideal, compares his life to it, imitates it. It
is the highest moral requirement in human life, the fulfillment of which brings
the person to perfection. Of course, it cannot be fully achieved in life, but a
person learns this perfection as an example and achieves relative life perfection
in the process of living in pursuit of the ideal.
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2.
Ильенков Э. В. Философия и культура. – М.: Издательство
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Iskenderov J.S. Formation of intellectual and volitional characteristics of
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Новейший философский словарь / Сост.А.А.Грицанов. – Мн.: Изд. В.М.
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Tojiev M., Ziyamuhammadov O. Implementation of national pedagogical
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Usmanova E.Z. How to form independent thinking in students? - T.: TDPU,
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Philosophy: encyclopedic dictionary (Compiler and responsible editor Q.
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