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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ELECTION SYSTEM IN INCREASING
THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN SOCIETY IN
UZBEKISTAN
Qarshiyev Nurmuhammad Olimjonovich
NUUZ: Acting Associate Professor of the Department of “Political Science”.
E-mail:nurmuxammad.qarshiev@mail.ru
Tel: 90 975 90 70
Rakhimov Sh.S.
D.Sc.PhD, Associate Professor based on the review
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14917670
Abstract
The globalization of political processes in the modern world further
strengthens the connection between the activities of political parties and
electoral systems. The electoral system is one of the main factors contributing to
increasing the influence of political parties in society. Also, the presence of the
direct impact of political parties on improving the democratic nature of elections
is of great importance, and today it is one of the urgent topics in the research
center of modern political science.
In Uzbekistan, practical reforms to strengthen the participation of political
parties in political processes have also accelerated in recent years. In particular,
measures to improve the electoral system have been strengthened to enhance
the influence of political parties in society.
Keywords:
Uzbekistan, political party, electoral system, democracy, civil
society, majoritarian electoral system, proportional electoral system, mixed
electoral system, electorate.
Introduction.
In global academia, extensive research has been conducted
on the relationship between party systems and electoral systems, which are
crucial components of the political system. While there are numerous
approaches to the formation and development of political party institutions and
electoral institutions, the majority of political scientists are unanimous in their
opinion regarding the connection between them, emphasizing that "there is a
strong correlation". Speaking about elections, we can observe that in the context
of today's globalization, with the expansion of the geography of democracy, the
transparency and democratic nature of elections are increasing, and the
possibilities of using modern internet technologies during the election campaign
are growing year by year. From this point of view, in Uzbekistan, special
attention is paid to the further democratization of elections, ensuring the free
participation and competition of political parties. Especially significant is the fact
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that the last elections to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the
Republic of Uzbekistan and local Kengashes, held on October 27, 2024, were
held based on the "Mixed" electoral system for the Legislative Chamber, aimed at
further increasing the influence of political parties in society.
Main Part.
When discussing electoral systems and their impact on the
activities of political parties, we must first pay attention to their connection with
the political system and political regime. In political science, the political system
is considered a broad concept, and we can cite the political regime, party system,
and electoral systems as its integral components. The characteristics of the
political system are determined by the political regime, which is its main
component. That is, whether a political regime is authoritarian or democratic is
reflected in the characteristics of the political system. Institutions operating in
society can also be characterized by their authoritarian or democratic nature,
depending on the type of political regime.
The electoral system and the party system are also characterized in direct
connection with the type of political regime. For example, in a democratic
regime, as a rule, a multi-party system operates, and the electoral system is fair
and transparent.
To establish democratic elections, it is first of all necessary that the
legislative framework comply with generally recognized international electoral
standards. In general, regarding the concept and essence of "international
electoral standards," it should be noted that "international electoral standards
are understood as the principles of international law on the organization and
conduct of elections related to the electoral rights of citizens"[2]. For the
electoral system of each country to be democratic, it is necessary, first of all, to
comply with "International Electoral Standards".
In Uzbekistan, democratic elections are also held within the framework of a
multi-party system. Electoral systems are divided into three types. 1.
Majoritarian electoral system. 2. Proportional electoral system. 3. Mixed
electoral system. Let us briefly dwell on the above-mentioned electoral systems.
The electoral system is a political institution related to the organization of
the process of electing politicians, the implementation of voting procedures, and
the determination of results, as well as the distribution of mandates (legal
relations of representation, vacant seats occupied through elections) between
parties[5] many scholars describe the electoral system in connection with
political parties.
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A majoritarian electoral system (from the French word "majorité," meaning
majority) is understood in constitutional law as determining the outcome of
voting in elections to representative bodies.
A positive aspect of the majoritarian electoral system is that voters pay
attention directly to the candidate's personality, get acquainted with him,
communicate with him, and have clear control over his activities. In elections
held under a majoritarian system, the number of votes cast for the winning
candidate or the winning party is mainly a minority, and most regrettably, the
remaining votes are not counted.
The proportional electoral system (Latin *proportio* - proportion) is one of
the types of electoral systems that emerged a century after the majoritarian
electoral system.
Positive aspects of the proportional electoral system:
- the votes of voters constituting a minority are also taken into account, and
the political parties that received votes in it also occupy seats in parliament;
- With its help, it is possible to see real and accurate pictures of the location
of political forces in the political life of society;
- ensures the development of pluralism of opinions and a multi-party
system, as well as close interaction between the state and citizens;
- a proportional representation system allows each political party to receive
several seats proportional to the number of votes. Therefore, this system creates
more just conditions for political parties than the majoritarian system;
- voters vote not for candidates with a higher chance of being elected, but
for the party they believe in based on the programs of political parties;
- allows voters to choose a political party and thereby reduces the influence
of parties on the composition of their representatives in parliament [1].
The mixed electoral system is essentially a combination of two systems:
proportional and majoritarian. In this case, one part of the mandates is
distributed according to the proportional system (by party lists), and the other
part - according to the majoritarian system (voting for a candidate). This
electoral system is one of the manifestations of the electoral system, reflecting
the combination of proportional and majoritarian electoral systems in several
countries.
Different electoral systems can contribute to the development of different
party organizations and party systems (two-party or multi-party); contribute to
the formation of party electoral blocs; and contribute to the formation of a
single-party or coalition government [3]. The party system operating in the
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political system and the electoral system play an important role in shaping each
other and demonstrating its specific characteristics. For example, in a
proportional electoral system, an increase in the role of political parties in
society is observed. To be clearer, in a proportional electoral system, voters vote
for political parties, which form their representatives based on a list.
In Uzbekistan, the elections to the Legislative Chamber of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and local councils held on October 27, 2024, were also held at a high
level, based on democratic principles. The elections to the Legislative Chamber
of the Republic of Uzbekistan were held based on a new mixed electoral system.
The mixed electoral system currently operates in such countries as
Germany, Spain, Japan, Hungary, Australia, New Zealand, Guinea, Albania, South
Korea, Lithuania, Somalia, Mexico, and Taiwan (PRC), and within the CIS - in
Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia - a total of about 40 countries.
For example, in Australia, one chamber of parliament is elected according to
the majoritarian system, and the other according to the proportional system. In
Egypt, the mixed system consists of a combination of party list voting and
individual elections: one individual candidate is elected in each electoral district,
and the remaining seats are distributed among those on the party list. In the
Mexican United States, the House of Representatives of the Federal Congress
consists of 300 deputies elected under a majoritarian system and 100 deputies
elected under a proportional representation system[4].
In conclusion
, it should be noted that the elections to the Legislative
Chamber of the Republic of Uzbekistan and local councils held in Uzbekistan on
October 27, 2024, were held based on the "Mixed Election" system for the
Legislative Chamber, which is directly aimed at increasing the influence of
political parties in society. As we have seen, in a proportional electoral system,
voting directly through in-depth familiarization with the pre-election programs
put forward by political parties increases voters' interest in closely familiarizing
themselves with their activities. This, in turn, will further clarify the electorate of
political parties and serve to ensure healthy competition between them.
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1.
Сайлов қонунчлиги ва амалиёти бўйича ўқув-услубий қўлланма.
Ўзбекистон Республикаси Марказий сайлов комиссияси. Ўзбекистон
Республикаси Адлия вазирлиги, “Адолат” миллий ҳуқуқий ахборот
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б.
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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3.
Lijphart A. Constitutional Choices for New Democracies // The Global
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ёндашув. https://parliament.gov.uz/oz/articles/2095
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https://foxford.ru/wiki/obschestvoznanie/izbiratelnye-
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