Том 4 № 3 (2025)

This thesis aims to explore the formal and functional characteristics of phraseological units in the English and Uzbek languages, providing a comparative analysis of their structure, usage, and cultural significance. Phraseological units, which are fixed combinations of words with meanings not directly deducible from the individual words, serve as an essential part of both languages, enriching communication and reflecting cultural values. The paper focuses on the structural differences between English and Uzbek phraseological units, analyzing their composition, degree of fixedness, and grammatical peculiarities. Additionally, the study examines the functional role of these units, including their use to convey emotions, social norms, and cultural concepts. The paper also discusses the challenges involved in translating these phraseological units and highlights the importance of understanding the cultural context to maintain the intended meaning. The comparison underscores the deep connection between language and culture, revealing the unique ways in which both English and Uzbek speakers express ideas through idiomatic expressions. The findings of this research provide insights into the intricacies of phraseology and emphasize the importance of phraseological units in both languages as vital tools for communication and cultural expression.

In the article, the strategic goal of Uzbekistan regarding the spiritual maturity of young people and the reforms implemented in our country today, the processes of globalization and national and universal values are mentioned.

Мамлакатимизда сўнги йилларда амалга оширилиб келаётган суд-ҳуқуқ тизимидаги ислоҳотлар натижасида жиноят-процессуал қонунчилигига бир қанча янги институтлар кириб келди. Мисол тариқасида, кўрсатувларни олдиндан мустаҳкамлаб қўйиш, айбга иқрорлик бўйича келишув каби институтларни бунга мисол қилиб келтиришимиз мумкин. Қуйида ушбу ислоҳотлар давоми ўлароқ жорий этилган тергов судьяси институти ҳақида тўхталиб ўтишни лозим деб топдик.

Iqlim o‘zgarishi zamonaviy jamiyatning eng dolzarb muammolaridan biri bo‘lib, u har bir soha, atrof tabiiy muhit, shu jumladan, sanoatga katta ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Atmosferada issiqxona gazlarining ko‘payishi va iqlimning keskin o‘zgarishi sanoatni qayta ko‘rib chiqishga majbur qilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada iqlim o‘zgarishining sanoatga bo‘lgan asosiy ta’sirlari va kelajakda ushbu ta’sirlarni kamaytirish yo‘llari haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

This thesis is devoted to current issues of increasing legal awareness and legal culture, as well as the analysis of social relations arising in relation to legal awareness and legal culture.

Разработаны новые конструкции плунжеров – летающих клапанов (скважинных челноков) из эластомерных материалов, длительное время не подверженных истирающему износу о внутреннюю поверхность труб, разрушению из-за ударов и не разрушающих скважинное оборудование. Такие конструкции можно использовать в газовых скважинах с лифтовыми колоннами любых диаметров.

This thesis investigates the concepts of friendship and enmity as expressed through folk proverbs in both English and Uzbek cultures. It examines the synonymous relationships within these concepts, comparing how the two languages represent the dynamics of human relationships and moral values. By analyzing a selection of proverbs, the study aims to highlight common themes regarding loyalty, trust, and conflict while considering cultural nuances in the expressions of these themes. This analysis uncovers both universal elements and culturally specific interpretations of friendship and enmity, offering insights into the moral fabric of both societies. The research demonstrates the role of proverbs as reflections of cultural norms, social practices, and emotional intelligence.

This study explores the optimization of rehabilitation measures for children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI), focusing on clinical, neurological, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) status. The research highlights the significance of CSF monitoring and its correlation with neurological recovery in pediatric TBI cases. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study evaluates the effectiveness of personalized rehabilitation strategies, integrating neurocognitive therapies, physical rehabilitation, and pharmacological interventions based on CSF analysis. The findings suggest that individualized treatment plans, driven by clinical and CSF data, can enhance recovery outcomes, improving both cognitive and motor functions in affected children.

This article presents an analysis of the morphometric characteristics and molecular-genetic results of Oryctes nasicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) distributed in the low hills of Karakalpakstan. Significant differences in the morphological structure between male and female representatives of Oryctes nasicornis were clearly identified. Although morphological identification remains one of the most widely used and generally accepted methods, it may lead to misidentifications due to intraspecific morphological variations. No nucleotide differences were observed within Oryctes nasicornis. However, molecular-genetic analysis revealed a 15.6% nucleotide divergence between Oryctes nasicornis and Oryctes rhinoceros based on sequences obtained from the GenBank database.

Segment Routing (SR) is a modern paradigm for traffic engineering and network optimization that offers enhanced scalability and flexibility compared to traditional MPLS and IP-based routing. This paper explores models and algorithms for optimizing network performance using SR, focusing on path computation, resource allocation, and traffic engineering strategies. We examine integer linear programming (ILP) formulations, heuristic approaches, and machine learning-based methods to improve the efficiency of SR-based networks. Additionally, we discuss real-world deployment challenges, architectural considerations, and the integration of SR with emerging network technologies. Furthermore, we analyze network resilience techniques, fault tolerance mechanisms, and energy-efficient routing strategies that can enhance the sustainability of SR deployments. We also address optimization in multi-domain environments, cross-layer design approaches, and the role of SR in autonomous networks.

В статье анализируются этапы исторического развития института условно-досрочного освобождения от отбывания наказания. В частности, рассматриваются порядок, правила и особенности применения этого института с исторической перспективы до настоящего времени. Также в работе представлен анализ мнений ученых по данному вопросу.

Synesthetic metaphors, which involve the blending of different sensory experiences into a single expression, are a compelling feature of linguistic creativity. In English, these metaphors are frequently used to express abstract meanings, emotional nuances, and subjective perceptions. This paper examines synesthetic metaphors from cognitive and cross-linguistic perspectives, focusing on how they emerge and operate in English. The analysis draws on both Western and Uzbek scholarly contributions, highlighting shared conceptual tendencies and cultural distinctions. Examples such as “sweet voice” demonstrate how speakers merge auditory, visual, gustatory, and other sensory domains. Findings suggest that synesthetic metaphors embody cognitive processes influenced by culture, context, and individual creativity.

Ushbu maqolada, xalqimizning suyukli yozuvchisi O'tkir Hoshimovning "Ikki eshik orasi" asarida inson hayotini butkul o`zgartirib yuboradigan urush va tinchlik haqida so`z yuritilgan.

Все больше и больше появляется таких мест, где постоянное проживание человека представляет угрозу для его здоровья [6]. Проблема химической безопасности жизни человека из вопроса сугубо академического переросли в социально- значимую проблему, актуальную для населения целых регионов [4]. Особое значение эта проблема приобретает, когда практически не уделяется внимание вопросам экологии и экотоксикологии.

Сравнительное изучение использования с профилактической целью антибиотикотерапии и гигиенического ухода за полостьюрта в послеоперационном периоде. Улучшить результаты дентальной имплантации путем своевременной коррекции ее осложнений.

This study examines the nature and conceptual foundations of false information in the digital society, as well as the priority directions of information policy under disinformation conditions. A detailed analysis of advanced foreign practices in this field is provided.

Ushbu ilmiy tadqiqotda maktab amaliyotchi psixologlarining uzluksiz kasbiy rivojlanishini takomillashtirish metodikasini yaratish masalasi o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotda psixologik xizmat ko‘rsatish jarayonida amaliyotchi psixologlarning kasbiy mahoratini oshirishga yo‘naltirilgan pedagogik texnologiyalardan samarali foydalanish muhimligi ta’kidlangan. Shuningdek, malaka oshirish kurslarida amaliy mashg‘ulotlar va innovatsion yondashuvlardan foydalanish istiqbollari ko‘rsatib berilgan.

The article examines the issue of improving the methodology for developing transversal competencies. Directions such as the use of digital technologies, interactive learning tools, and enhancing teachers' professional qualifications are proposed. It is recommended to improve the monitoring and assessment system to increase the efficiency of the educational process. 

This article provides a detailed description of the requirements for organizing the work of music clubs in secondary schools and the work of club leaders.

В статье рассматриваются основные виды уроков родного языка в начальных классах, их значение и влияние на развитие языковых и речевых навыков детей. Описаны различные типы уроков, такие как уроки фонетики, грамматики, чтения, письма, лексики, сочинений, пересказов и устной речи. Каждый из этих видов уроков способствует формированию у учащихся базовых знаний и умений, необходимых для грамотного и эффективного общения, а также для успешного освоения более сложных аспектов языка в будущем. Уроки родного языка играют важную роль в воспитании грамотных, уверенных в себе и творческих личностей, готовых к дальнейшему обучению.

Изучить и проанализировать сходства и отличия между сахарным и несахарным диабетом, в частности в этиологии, симптоматике и характеристике.

There are 64 madrasas in the city of Khiva, the largest and most beautiful of which is the madrasa built by Khan of Khiva Muhammad Amin Khan.  Madrasah Ichan is located in the western part of the fort, and the main gate of the city is on the right side when entering through the Ota Gate.  This madrasa was established in 1852-1855 with the funds and decree of Khiva ruler Muhammad Amin Khan.  Muhammad Amin Khan Madrasah is the largest and most tiled in comparison to other Khiva madrasahs.

The globalization of political processes in the modern world further strengthens the connection between the activities of political parties and electoral systems. The electoral system is one of the main factors contributing to increasing the influence of political parties in society. Also, the presence of the direct impact of political parties on improving the democratic nature of elections is of great importance, and today it is one of the urgent topics in the research center of modern political science.

In the existential philosophy of Erich Fromm, the human soul's tendency to creativity and destruction, the desire for domination or submission in people, the content and social significance of love and hatred for life are analyzed.

Мамлакатнинг барча ҳудудларида Президентнинг Виртуал ва Халқ қабулхоналари ташкил этилгани, Халқаро меҳнат ташкилоти билан ҳамкорликда болалар меҳнати ва мажбурий меҳнатга барҳам бериш бўйича таъсирчан чоралар кўрилгани, одамларнинг эркин ҳаракат қилишини чеклайдиган хорижга чиқиш визалари бекор қилингани, инсон ҳуқуқларини ҳимоя қилиш масаласи бўйича миллий ва халқаро нодавлат ташкилотлар билан очиқ мулоқот фаоллашиб бораётгани, экстремизм ғоялари таъсирига тушиб қолган, адашган фуқаролар ижтимоий реабилитация қилинаётгани, оммавий ахборот воситаларининг ўрни сезиларли даражада ошаётганлиги мазкур соҳада амалга оширилаётган кенг кўламли ислоҳотларнинг натижаси ҳисобланади.

Mazkur maqolada so‘z turkumlari borasida tadqiqotlar olib borgan olimlar e’tirof etilib, ikki va undan ortiq so‘z turkumida ham tadqiq etiladigan oraliq so‘zlar, jumladan, sifat-ot so‘zlarning funksional-semantik tabiati, ushbu so‘zlarning “O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati”dagi ifodasi, sifat-ot orasidagi so‘zlarning  turkumlilikka munosabati borasida fikr-mulohazalar bayon etilgan. Keltirilgan nazariy ma’lumotlar lug‘atdan olingan misollar bilan izohlangan.

Ushbu maqola Immanuel Kantning transsendental subyekt tushunchasini tahlil qiladi va uning falsafadagi ahamiyatini ochib beradi. Maqolada Kantning transsendental subyektga oid yondashuvi, subyekt va obyekt o‘rtasidagi aloqani, bilish jarayonining tabiati va axloqiy masalalarga bo‘lgan ta’siri muhokama qilinadi. Maqolada, Kantning “Sof aql tanqidi” asaridagi sub’yekt tushunchasi, shuningdek, uning Dekartning “Cogito ergo sum” iborasi bilan bog‘liq qarashlari keltirilgan. Bundan tashqari, Kantning subyektni “noumenal” dunyo bilan bog‘lashni inkor etgan ontologik yondashuvi, shuningdek, transsendental subyektning axloqiy masalalardagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, Kantning bu konsepsiyasi zamonaviy falsafa uchun qanchalik muhimligini va uning bilish, erkinlik va axloqiy qarorlar bilan bog‘liq yondashuvlarini tushunishdagi o‘rnini ko‘rsatish maqsad qilingan. Maqola Kantning transsendental sub’yektga oid falsafiy fikrlarini chuqur o‘rganib, uning falsafada qanday qilib yangi yondashuvlarni kiritganligini va bu tushunchaning keyingi falsafiy g‘oylashlarga ta’sirini ko‘rsatadi.

The study examines management as a multi-level process of coordination and control, and also analyzes its legal and social aspects. Particular attention is paid to public administration, its functions, structure and role in regulating social processes. The key characteristics of state power and its influence on law and order and the development of society are identified.

Hozirgi kunga kelib sog‘lom hayot kechirishning muhim omillaridan biri bo‘lgan soglom turmush tarziga davlat siyosati darajasida e’tibor qaratilmoqda. Buning sababi sog‘lom turmush tarzi va barqaror taraqqiyot xalqlar o‘rtasidagi tinchlik va hamjihatlikni ta’minlovchi vositaga aylanganidir.

Мамлакатимизда йўл ҳаракати хавфсизлигини таъминлаш вазиятини барқарорлаштириш мақсадида 2022 – 2025 йилларда Ўзбекистон Республикасида жамоат хавфсизлигини таъминлаш тизимини ривожлантириш стратегиясининг 16-мақсадига мувофиқ йўл инфратузилмасини такомиллаштириш ва хавфсиз ҳаракатланиш шароитларини яратиш орқали йўлларда авария ва ўлим ҳолатларини қисқартириш, шу жумладан ҳаракатни бошқариш тизимини тўлиқ рақамлаштириш ва жамоатчиликнинг ушбу соҳадаги ишларда кенг иштирокини таъминлаш назарда тутилган [2].