CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
74
ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME CASES IN
NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL BRONCHIAL ANOMALIES
Shevketova L.Sh.
Independent researcher, Andijan State Medical
Institute, PhD candidate lilyauz95@gmail.com
Makhamov N.Zh.
Associate Professor, MD, Andijan State Medical Institute.
nosirzonmahkamov5@gmail.com Andijan, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15343718
Introduction
In the neonatal period, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a serious
respiratory disorder that can occur due to various causes. Among these,
congenital bronchial anomalies are considered complex pathologies. These
anomalies involve issues within the congenital regions of the respiratory tract,
including bronchomalacia, bronchostenosis, bronchogenic cysts, and atresia. The
early diagnosis and treatment of congenital bronchial anomalies associated with
respiratory distress syndrome in neonates are crucial for the survival of the
infant.
Relevance of the problem
Respiratory distress syndrome is the primary respiratory disorder in
neonates. However, there are limitations in diagnosing this condition through X-
rays and clinical examination. Among the pathologies that must be identified are
congenital
bronchial
anomalies,
particularly
bronchostenosis
and
bronchomalacia. If these anomalies are not diagnosed on time, they may lead to
respiratory distress syndrome, causing severe complications and even death.
Therefore, accurate diagnosis and advanced methods, especially bronchoscopy,
play an essential role in solving this issue.
Purpose of the study
The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities and
effectiveness of bronchoscopy in identifying congenital bronchial anomalies and
their relationship with respiratory distress syndrome in neonates.
Materials and methods
This study was conducted from 2021 to 2024 on 30 neonates treated at the
Pediatrics Department of Andijan State Medical Institute. The patients ranged
from 3 days to 10 months old, presenting respiratory symptoms such as
difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and signs of hypoxia. Bronchoscopy was
performed on all patients, and radiological examinations including X-rays and
computed tomography were also carried out.
CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN
MODERN SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
75
Results and discussion
Among the 30 neonates, 12 were diagnosed with bronchomalacia, where
the disease was located in the central bronchi, resulting in wheezing and
decreased ventilation. Eight patients had bronchogenic cysts, which were
identified via bronchoscopy, and some of them required biopsy. Five patients
were diagnosed with bronchial atresia, where complete obstruction of the
bronchus was identified using bronchoscopy. Three neonates had
bronchostenosis (congenital narrowing of the bronchi), with conventional
symptoms including hypoxia, recurrent pneumonia, and difficulty in ventilation.
Two patients exhibited bronchial deformities and congenital wall
malformations.
Bronchoscopy not only helped in the diagnosis of these anomalies but also
provided a pathway for additional procedures such as biopsy, secretion
aspiration, and bronchial interventions. The study highlights the significance of
bronchoscopy in accurately diagnosing and managing these congenital
anomalies, which are often missed by other diagnostic methods.
Conclusion
Bronchoscopy proves to be an effective and reliable diagnostic tool for
identifying congenital bronchial anomalies in neonates with respiratory distress
syndrome. It allows for direct visualization, helps determine the degree and
location of the pathology, and provides valuable insights into the functional
impact of the anomalies. The use of bronchoscopy, in combination with
radiological methods, is recommended for comprehensive diagnosis,
particularly in cases with recurrent respiratory symptoms, pneumonia, and
ventilation issues.
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