No. 04 (2022) Volume03 Issue04

This article summarizes the researcher's views on the ethnic situation and political-administrative structure of the population of the Emirate of Bukhara living in the middle reaches of the Amu Darya in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It mainly deals with the administrative-territorial structure of the Emirate of Bukhara, its population, population structure, the territory where ethnic groups are located, and the language spoken. The author also emphasizes the importance of the middle reaches of the Amudarya in the study of the ethnic composition of the population of the Emirate of Bukhara and the issue of ethnotoponyms.

During the period of study in the middle basin of the Amudarya, the majority of the population of the emirate was Turkic-speaking Uzbeks. The researcher tried to reveal the existence of Persian-speaking Tajiks on the basis of many scientific sources and historical records. The work is summarized.

The survey looks at the men’s civilisation on its galactic pre-setting. The account uses our beliefs in natural laws, taken as cosmos inborn or heavenly fixed truths. The two are absolute approaches. The contingent alternative builds around the relational reasoning construal, via agentive and cognition paths, adding the tied certainties, to the natural laws. The path accepts life and intelligence singularities. The progress becomes man-driven result, by gene evolution (backed by biology) and meme fruition (backed by cognition). The anthropic explanation of the universe by the human cavitation deployments is, mostly, unspoken option, granted by robots or intelligent observers’ controls. The analyses based on intelligent observers offer plausible hints about the cosmos’ rational involvement.

During the colonial period, gardening was one of the most important areas of agriculture in the Samarkand region. The article reveals the reforms of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries in the field of horticulture in the Samarkand region, statistical data on the yield of grapes, the influence of grape varieties and the expansion of horticulture on agriculture. An assessment is also given of the impact of changes and innovations carried out by the Russian administration in this area in the historical period when the region was called the Zeravshan district, and then the Samarkand region. At the same time, statistics on vineyards and yields in the region were compared with neighboring regions.

This article discusses the issues of improvement of the cities of Kashkadarya region in the 70-80s of the twentieth century. In particular, on the basis of archival materials, the funds allocated for the improvement and improvement of the cities of the region, their spending, special departments for the improvement and improvement of cities, as well as achievements, problems and shortcomings in the field of improvement are highlighted documentation.

This article is about the development and reforms of institutions in transitional periods through the analysis of the history of memorial museums in Tashkent.  Apart from other museums, the author took the memorial museum of a great Uzbek actress - Tamara Khanum, as positive experience, which give hope to see development of such institutions.

The development and sustainability of the metallurgical industry are of great importance to the country’s economy as it combines the activities of the secondary sector such as raw material mining.  This article discusses these issues and comments on the development of the metallurgical industry in Jizzakh region in the 70-and 80s of the XX century.

This article discusses the new theaters created in Uzbekistan in the first years of independence, the processes associated with their activities, as well as the content of decrees and resolutions.

This article is devoted to the customs of the Turkic peoples and includes “Shiji” [《史记》], “Han shu” [《汉书》] Hou Han shu [《后汉书》] “Tan shu” [唐书] “Jutanshu”《旧唐书》 focuses on some aspects of the traditions of the Turkic peoples. These include tribal names, exact locations, daily lifestyles, and occupations. The article also provides information on the basics of the rules of conduct in the society of the burial and subsequent ceremonies of the Turkic peoples. The article concludes with an account of the religion and customs of the Turkic peoples, which religion they belonged to and when.