Volume 05 Issue 06-2024
10
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
06
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
ABSTRACT
The poet expresses his feelings born in his heart through poetry. He is inspired by nature, the world of animals and
plants, and transfers it to his poetry. Among literary people, flower names - phytonyms rise to the level of an artistic
image. This article interprets floristic images used in Uzbek literature. The nature images found in Uzbek classic and
modern poetry are discussed.
KEYWORDS
Phytonyms, ethnography, poetic image, classic literature, A. Navoi, Ogahi, Amiri, Cholpon, A. Oripov, E. Vahidov, Y.
Shomansur.
INTRODUCTION
Nature has always been a source of inspiration for
mankind. Whether we take fine art, medicine or
literature, which is considered the art of words,
everyone enjoyed and was inspired by nature. Humans
also live in close relationship with plants, which are an
important part of nature. It has been feeding on plants
since ancient times, various products and medicines
are prepared from them. Plants are an important part
of our culture and ethnography. For this reason, the
linguistic features of plants are widely studied by
linguists. Linguists introduced the term phytonyms, as
opposed to the term flora, which is the name of plants
used in biology. The word phytonym is derived from
the Greek language and means Phuton-plant + onoma-
noun.
Phytonyms have a figurative meaning in poetry. They
mainly served to express personality qualities. In
classical literature, the qualities of the flower are
Research Article
INTERPRETATION OF PHYTONYMIC IMAGES IN UZBEK LITERATURE
Submission Date:
June 10, 2024,
Accepted Date:
June 15, 2024,
Published Date:
June 20, 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-06-03
Tursunoy JARKINOVA
Alisher Navo’i Tashkent State University of the Uzbek Language and Literature
, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 05 Issue 06-2024
11
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
06
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
transferred to the flower and its various names. It is
based on similarities between the external beauty of
the lover and the flower.
The entry of flowers into poetry as a symbolic image is
connected with the beliefs, first ideas and totemistic
views of ancient people. [1]. Even the images related to
the emergence of man are related to flowers.
According to ancient Indian epics, Lakshmi, the most
beautiful goddess in the world, was born from a rose
bud, the queen of flowers. [2, 29-35]. For this reason,
the flower rose to the level of a poetic image, directly
representing the river itself. For example, Alisher
Navoi, the sultan of words, makes good use of the art
of metaphor, which is one of the tools of artistic
imagery, in the following verses, likening his beloved to
a flower:
Gar sabodek hamdam erman sarvi ozoding bila,
Bormen, ey gul, qaydakim bo‘lsam, sening yoding
bila.[3,326, 400]
In the works of the great poet Ogahi, the images of
flowers express various meanings. He used flowers to
depict the genitals of his lover. Ogahiy sometimes used
the words guluzor, gulrukh, gulro, gulchehra, guljabin
instead of the adjective gul-face. The word guljabin
also means "flower forehead". [4, 520]
In the work of the representatives of our classical
literature, the names of flowers such as sunbul, basil,
purple, tulip, and jasmine are also used, some of them
mean a flower, and some of them are used to describe
parts of the div. At this point, we need to explain
what kind of plants some flowers are.
Sunbul is an ornamental herbaceous plant with long
tulip-like leaves and a fragrant, beautiful flower that
opens in clusters. Jasmine is a plant with white fragrant
flowers. For this reason, the mistress herself or her hair
is equated to sunbul.
In this verse written by Amiri, using the art of roju, he
compares the yor to a Chinese musk sunbul and,
realizing that he made a mistake, compares it to a barn.
In other words, the poet strengthened and
exaggerated the meaning of the first stanza:
Xito mushki bilan gulshandagi sunbulni ko‘rgach men
Xato qildimki, xatti anabarbora o‘xshattim. [5, 28, 360]
In the radifli ghazal "Orgulsun" he compares
the hair of the yor to sunbul and the soft hair on his lips
to the basil of paradise by means of the art of "Laff and
Nashr".
Soching sunbul, xating rayhoni jannat,
Yuzing gul, anda holing tuxmi rayhon. [6, 199]
In the following stanzas, he rejects even this, and
sacrifices the violet birla basil to the letter of the yor,
and the almond flower and the daffodil, he says: May
your sick eyes rest in peace:
Fido bo‘lsun binafsha birla rayhon xattu holingg‘a,
Guli bodomu nargis chashmi bemoringdan o‘rgul
sun.
The role of the art of "Laff and nashr" is incomparable
in the lyrics of Shah and poet, owner of high artistic
skills Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur. In this type of
artistic art, the poet enumerates something or an
event first, and then arranges similes related to them
in this order. 'directly' explains what it looks like, in
some it goes the above way:
Xati
—
binafsha, xadi
—
lola, zulfi rayhondur,
Bahori husnda yuzi ajab gulistondur.
or
Xating bila yuzungu kokulung sening, ey jon,
Biri
—
binafsha, biri
—
yosuman, biri
—
rayhon.[8, 56,]
Babur makes good use of phytonyms, likening his letter
to a violet, his khadi to a tulip, his face to a jasmine, and
his zulfi to a basil, deviating from tradition.
In Furqat's ghazal "Fasli navbahor oldi", one of the
bright examples of landscape, flowers are diagnosed:
Nastaran yuvib yuzni, yosumon tuzib o‘zni,
Nargis ochibon ko‘zni intizori yoronlar.[39,
301]
Volume 05 Issue 06-2024
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CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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05
ISSUE
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Pages:
10-14
SJIF
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(2023:
7.
491
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(2024:
8.235
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OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
In the work of representatives of modern literature,
the scope of the subject changes. There is a strong
thirst for a man in their hearts, they want to see their
nation free. For example, the poem "Purple" can be
found in Cholpon. In this, the poet sees it in the form of
a people thirsty for independence, he assigns a great
meaning to it, in which the heart of the lyrical hero is
shaken by the condition of his oppressed and trampled
country:
Binafsha, nimaga bir ozroq ochilmay,
Bir erkin kulmasdan uzilding?
Binafsha, nimaga hidlaring sochilmay,
Yerlarga egilding, cho‘zilding?[9]
By the second half of the 20th century, we can
observe that in the work of poets, the appeal to nature
itself, and the attempts to show its miraculous beauty
in its entirety, increased. Poets began to depict the
poetic landscape of the world by means of floristic
images. Abdulla Oripov, a great representative of the
poetry of the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, reflected
the artistic image of existence in his poems in such a
way that high pathos prevails. The artist loves spring.
He considers it the beginning of life, and appoints grass
as its ambassador. In the poem "Bahor" "The grass also
shakes the head" refers to the arrival of the bride of the
seasons, while in the poem "Song of Resistance" he
expresses his longing for his mother in the image of a
tiny grass:
Oyoqlangan qo‘ziday dovdirar yelda maysa,
Ko‘m
-
ko‘k moviy osmonda kezib yurar oq bulut.
To‘rt taraf qisib kelib nogahon jala quysa,
Olamga anqib ketar ming xil k
o‘kat, ming xil o‘t.[10,
182]
This piece depicts the landscape of the Karshi
desert in spring. In Yale, the light shaking of the grass
is compared to a lamb that has been trampled. In the
poem, his love for the homeland is combined with
longing for his mother. The nature of Jonahon area is
given a different appearance in each season. The world
of flora helped in this. Dili likened the mother, who
always seemed happy, to a tulip, even though she
missed her child.
Erta kun qovjirashdan bo‘lsa
ham dilda zori
Lola kabi xandonu dilda dog‘i yashirin.
In the poem "Purple Land" the poet describes
his country with the help of flowers, and in the poem
"Ismalog" he uses the phytonymic image to remind the
listeners of the past of his people.
We can also find the names of different flowers
in Erkin Vahidov's poem "Feast of Flowers", where
diagnosis, that is, the art of revitalization, is skillfully
used from beginning to end. The flowers are surprised
by the beauty of my date, who went for a walk in the
garden: the tulip, which boasts that it is the king of
flowers, is embarrassed by the pride of the flower, the
trumpeter's mouth is open, the daffodil can't take its
eyes off the girl, and the lily is leading her. The cases of
saffron, saffron, and ivy are also described. In the last
stanza of the poem, the poet admits that his poem was
in a mess from the bouquet of flowers through the art
of tazad:
Gulshanda kezib
Xo‘p sara guldasta tuzibsan,
Erkinning esa
She’ri parokanda bo‘libdur.[11, 300]
Erkin Vahidov's works also contain a poem dedicated
to tulips, which inspired many poets. In it, usings the
art of tajohuli orifona to question Lola:
Deyman: sahar shafaqdan
Uchqunmi, lolasanmu,
Shodlik mayiga to‘lgan
Gulgun piyolasanmu?
In this poem, the poet created a unique
example of the art of speech through the dialogue
between the lyrical hero and the tulip. As the poet
honors the tulip, the flower is ready to sacrifice its life,
it is also in love with the poem.
Volume 05 Issue 06-2024
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CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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VOLUME
05
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Pages:
10-14
SJIF
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)
(2023:
7.
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)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
Erkin Vahidov: "The great power of poetry lies
in its power of persuasion. We see its owner behind
each poem, imagine his spiritual world, the person
behind that poem must convince us of the truth of his
feelings with his sincerity and honesty. . Poetry is
always the fate of the poet. If a poet does not say what
suits him, his lot, people will not believe him," says the
article "Poetry Lives in Search". In fact, every poet
writes in his own style, reflects his worldview in his
poems, instills his feelings in his heart.
In the poems of the poet Yusuf Shomansur, we
can see his unique inner world. He refers to other
phytonymic names that are different from the
traditional images, such as tulips and violets, chosen by
other poets. His poems "O'sma", "Rayhon", "Atirgul
novdasi...", "Bedazor" can be a clear proof of our
opinion. He prefers to follow the innovative path
rather than the traditional one.
The women of the East have spread the world
with their happiness since time immemorial. Their
constant assistants in the field of make-up are natural
dyes such as osma and henna. Osma has been grown in
Uzbek households since ancient times to put it on the
eyebrows and eyes of young girls. The leaves of the
plant are dried and its juice is used to decorate the
eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids. From little girls to
grandmothers, they fast themselves by putting up a
tumor. This plant occupies an important place not only
in the ethnography of the Uzbek people, but also in the
ethnography of the Uyghur people. For example, in the
Uyghurs, when they were seven days old, they put a
tumor on the middle of their eyebrows. It means that
when the girl grows up, she should marry somewhere
close to her parents.
Yusuf Shomansur also received spiritual
nourishment from the customs and ethnography of
the Uzbek people. We can clearly see this in his lyrics.
In the poem "Osma" we see the phenomenon that has
become a tradition in Uzbek households through the
details of the pilik, the mirror, and the green juice of the
osma. The poet is amazed at how much strong passion
there is in one process. He sees that the symbols of
beauty and youth are combined in the image of Osma.
The artist chooses the image of a tumor as a
representative of our nationality:
Bo‘yoq emas, o‘smaning yashil
Qonin surtgach qizlar qoshiga
Yurt husnidan rang olur asl
Go‘zalligu yoshlik nashida.[12,
56]
Basil is considered one of the most popular
vegetables in our country. It is valued for its healing
properties. Our grandmothers plant in the yards and
wear them in their ears. We come to honor you as a
flower of heaven. The poet also describes basil as "the
most elegant flower of my Chamanzor garden":
Ariqlar bo‘yida barq urar suluv,
Shovvalardan tinglar sho‘x,
o‘ynoqi kuy.
Yomg‘ir… barglariga to‘kilar
inju,
G‘ubordan
tozarib
taratar
xushbo‘y.
Emphasizing the fragrance of basil, the poet
believes that the reason for this fragrance is the smell
of the leeches wandering among the basil fields. True,
in our classical literature there was a comparison of
hair to a sunbul or basil, or a description of a sunbul isli.
The fragrance of a flower due to the touch of the
beautiful flowers is a unique discovery of the poet.
Yusuf Shomansur also creates unique findings
in the poem "Rose branch.." Associate Professor of
Bukhara State University, Doctor of Philology (PhD)
Orokova Nafosat expresses the following thoughts
about this poem in her article: "First of all, the poem
begins with the name of a flower. The words are well
chosen and the punctuation is well thought out. The
shape also shows freedom. In his imagination, the poet
Volume 05 Issue 06-2024
14
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
06
Pages:
10-14
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
wants to create a flower garden in his house and give
it to someone. It is very interesting that the buds look
like red coals. It embodies the image of a man who is
thirsty for man and open to freedom." [13, 211] In fact,
from the arrangement of verses to the choice of
images, it means that the poet's desire to see his
country freely exists in the depths of his heart.
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–
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432 B.
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E. Vahidov. Love. - T.: Literary and Art Publishing
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13.
Orokova N. Interpretation of floristic images in
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