Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
59
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
59-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
ABSTRACT
This article provides an in-depth analysis of Jadid literature and its prominent figures, particularly the literary legacy of
Cho'lpon and its role during the independence period. The article highlights the significance of works by Jadid poets
and writers such as Cho'lpon, Fitrat, and Abdulla Qodiriy in fostering national identity and promoting ideas of
independence, as well as how their works are interpreted in literary-critical studies. Additionally, it underscores the
contributions of eminent scholars an
d critics, such as Ozod Sharafiddinov, in the study and promotion of Cho'lpon’s
works. The article discusses the complex history of Jadid literature, its themes of national freedom, spirituality, and
progress, and its relevance as a source of inspiration f
or today’s youth.
KEYWORDS
Jadid literature, Cho'lpon, Ozod Sharafiddinov, independence, national identity, criticism, artistic-aesthetic thought,
literary process, Abdulla Qodiriy, Fitrat, literary studies.
INTRODUCTION
Artistic Creation and Literary Criticism Have Always
Developed in Close Connection
Artistic creation and literary criticism-literary studies
have always developed in close connection. In all eras,
the role and significance of literary criticism
—“the
science of naqd” (critique)—
in the development of
artistic and aesthetic thinking has been acknowledged.
In past centuries, too, the importance of literary
criticism and literary studies, known as “the science of
naqd,” “the science of gariba,” and “the science of
bade’a,” in the development of artistic and aesthetic
thinking has been highlighted by renowned poets and
thinkers. Indeed, artistic creation and criticism have
always walked hand in hand, serving a noble purpose
—
Research Article
THOUGHTS ON THE STUDY OF JADID LITERATURE
Submission Date:
October 20, 2024,
Accepted Date:
October 25, 2024,
Published Date:
October 30, 2024
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-10-10
Tulishova Gulzina Ravshanovna
Teacher At Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://masterjournals.
com/index.php/crjps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
60
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
59-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
the development of spirituality and intellectual
growth. That is why the primary function of literary
criticism, described as “sorting” artistic works
(Behbudiy), is rightfully called the mirror of the literary
process.
The unique works and critical activity of Fitrat, Abdulla
Qodiriy, Cho‘lpon, Oybek, G‘afur G‘ulom, Abdulla
Qahhor, and Shayxzoda, who continued Alisher
Navoi’s creative traditions, as well as their profound
thoughts in the fields of criticism and literary studies,
were undoubtedly directed towards such noble goals.
For example, Abdulla Qodiriy describes criticism, free
from bias, ego, an
d selfish motives, as “the key to the
mysteries of enlightenment, the cradle of the world of
culture, which guides the new achievements of life.” [1
-
112]
The special role and importance of criticism in the
development of our literature are significant. For
instance, consider the study of 20th-century Uzbek
literary history. This era was extremely complex and
filled with contradictions, but the creation of many
comprehensive studies, textbooks, monographs, and
valuable collections illuminating the lives and works of
dozens of prominent representatives of this period’s
literature is one of the major achievements of our
criticism and literary studies. However, many of these
valuable efforts, which are of immense importance in
the development of our nation’s spi
rituality and
literary-aesthetic thinking, were realized directly under
the guidance and leadership of the distinguished critic
Ozod Sharafiddinov, who, in return, faced harsh
criticism and accusations during the Soviet era.
Unfortunately, today’s young ge
neration may not fully
appreciate this.
Especially in terms of the exploration and
reintroduction to the public of Jadid literature, the
bearer of independence ideas, and its prominent
figures like Cho‘lpon, Fitrat, Mustafa Cho‘qay, and
Otajon Hoshimov, Oz
od Sharafiddinov’s courage and
dedication set him apart, and few other creators in our
country match his level of resilience and devotion. Due
to independence, today we can mention Cho‘lpon’s
name with pride, rather than fear or hesitation, and
value him as one of the brightest figures in our
literature, largely thanks to Ozod Sharafiddinov’s
invaluable contributions.
This historical and scholarly truth found vibrant
expression in the prestigious international scholarly
conferences held in our capital in March and December
2023, dedicated to Jadid literature and its remarkable
figures, thanks to the initiative of our esteemed
President and with the unanimous support of all Turkic-
speaking countries. It is a significant historical event
that we must proudly highlight. These international
conferences, held twice a year with high content and
standards, not only hold unparalleled literary-scientific
and historical significance for the development of our
literature, criticism, literary studies, and national
ideology and spirituality, but also received admiration
and respect from leading writers and scholars from
dozens of countries who actively participated. One of
the significant social-political and literary-scientific
outcomes of these historical gatherings was the
establishment of the new weekly newspaper “Jadid,”
which started publication on January 1, 2024, marking
a significant event in the literary and spiritual life of our
republic.
Thus, Ozod Sharafiddinov was one of the devoted
scholars who studied with great creative courage,
unwavering faith, and endless love the lives and works
of the prominent figures of Jadid literature, which was
born out of unique content and universal goals, despite
numerous pressures and prohibitions. Unfortunately,
the true purpose and vast socio-political significance of
the Jadid movement and literature, which emerged as
the most active and patriotic force, were often
interpreted one-sidedly. The great significance of the
Jadid literature founded by figures like Behbudiy,
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
61
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
59-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
Qodiri
y, Fitrat, and Cho‘lpon lies in their ability to
reflect historical truth with extraordinary courage and
skill, from the perspective of the people’s and nation’s
interests.
It was precisely for this bravery and patriotism that our
innocent, pure-hearted heroes, including Abdulla
Qodiriy, Fitrat, Elbek, G‘ozi Yunus, Botu, Otajon
Xoshim, G‘ulom Zafariy, and other devoted
intellectuals, were executed by Stalin’s executioners,
and among them was Abdulhamid Sulaymon o‘g‘li
Cho‘lpon. Cho‘lpon, like many of our nation’s true sons,
became a victim of repression
—
executed as an
“enemy of the people” in 1938, with his works banned
from publication, reading, and even mention of his
name. Only in 1956, after Stalin’s cult of personality was
openly condemned, was Cho‘lpon
rehabilitated.
However, even after that, his works remained
unpublished, and his creative output was not studied
for another 30 years.
Let us illustrate this tragic injustice with a historical
fact. In 1968, mainly through Ozod Sharafiddinov’s
many years
of research, a collection titled “Living
Lines” was prepared, featuring the best poems by
Cho‘lpon and other poets who fell victim to repression.
However, due to the ruling Communist Party’s policies
of that era, this unique book was banned and
destroyed with ignorance. Yet, these prohibitions did
not extinguish Sharafiddinov’s faith in truth, and he
continued to promote Cho‘lpon’s work.
Finally, in the mid-1980s, and especially after
Uzbekistan gained independence, the injustices
against Jadid literature,
particularly Cho‘lpon, began to
be rectified. Within a short time, his books such as
“Bahorni sog‘indim,” “Yana oldim sozimni,” “Adabiyot
nadur?” and a three
-volume selection of his works
were published, his dramas were staged in theaters,
and a film based
on his novel “Kecha va kunduz” was
produced. Numerous articles and brochures about the
poet’s work were published, a documentary film about
his life and creativity was released, and Cho‘lpon Days
were established. Dissertations on Cho‘lpon’s work
were defended, and in 1991, Abdulla Qodiriy, Fitrat, and
Cho‘lpon were awarded the Republic State Prize
named after Alisher Navoi, which is a clear sign of our
people’s deep respect for the memory of these great
Jadidists.
The return of Cho‘lpon to the ranks of cr
eators fills a
gap in our literary history, and his works not only enrich
our understanding of the complex paths our literature
has traversed but also continue to provide us with
great joy and meaning. His works are cherished as
genuine examples of art due to their profound human
content, as well as the lofty ideals they emdiv. [2-166-
167]
Cho‘lpon was a multifaceted talent. First and foremost,
he was known as a sensitive poet who opened new
artistic-aesthetic horizons in Uzbek poetry. At the
same time, his services in Uzbek realistic prose, drama,
artistic translation, publicism, criticism, and literary
studies are incomparable.
From the very beginning of his steps into literature,
Cho‘lpon bore witness to the need to awaken the
people, caught in a colonial stupor, and instill
enlightenment, national progress, and ideas of
independence in their hearts. Such progressive ideas of
Jadid literature form the foundation of Cho‘lpon’s
creativity. When discussing Cho‘lpon, one first recalls
his poems such as “Vijdon erki” (Freedom of
Conscience), “Ko‘ngil” (Heart), and “Kishan”
(Shackle), which are about the freedom of spirit and
soul. This sentiment resonates strongly in his poem
“Buzilgan o‘lkaga” (To the Devastated Land), exposing
the oppression and atrocities committed by Soviet
authorities and intertwined with the struggle for
independence.
In that complex and controversial era and literary
environment, some poets took different paths to
Volume 05 Issue 10-2024
62
CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(ISSN
–
2767-3758)
VOLUME
05
ISSUE
10
Pages:
59-62
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
6.
041
)
(2023:
7.
491
)
(2024:
8.235
)
OCLC
–
1242423883
Publisher:
Master Journals
expose nationalism
—
creating controversial poems
that opposed nationalist sentiments. For instance, in
response to Cho‘lpon’s poem “Buzilgan o‘lkaga,”
G‘ayratiy wrote “Tuzalgan o‘lkaga” (To the Restored
Land). In response to Fitrat’s poem “Mening kecham”
(My Night), Botu wrote “Mening kunduzim” (My Day).
While Cho‘lpon laments th
e shadow cast by clouds
over the mountains that once greeted the heavens,
G‘ayratiy, in contrast, depicts the bustling life brought
by the revolution. Ozod Sharafiddinov, who
emphasized the deep realism and authenticity of
Cho‘lpon’s poetry, described it as “the powerful artistic
document of the era.” [3
-3] We believe there is no
exaggeration in this assessment.
Great scholars like Ozod Sharafiddinov rightly call
Cho‘lpon the “Herald of Independence.” Indeed,
Cho‘lpon dreamed of freedom for the Turkestan
peoples who had achieved independence, and he
envisioned the rise of an independent state. The
literary heritage and spiritual legacy left by Cho‘lpon
have begun to be thoroughly studied, thanks to
independence. This legacy is of great value. It
preserves th
e path Cho‘lpon followed, teaching
independent youth about the sacredness of the
homeland, the inestimable value of freedom, and
independence. At the same time, today’s readers
should also remember the era and atmosphere
REFERENCES
1.
Abdulla Qodiriy. Diyori bakr.
–
T.: Yangi asr
avlodi, 2007-yil 112-b.
2.
Sharafiddinov O. XX asr o‘zbek adabiyoti tarixi.
T. “O‘qituvchi”. 1999, 167
-168 bb.
3.
Cho‘lpon. Yana oldim sozimni. –
T.: Fan, 1991-yil
3-b.
4.
Yo‘ldoshev N. Yoniq qalb munaqqidi. // Sharq
yulduzi jurnali, 2012-yil 1-son.
