<Вестни^врача, Самарканд
2014, № 2
(Dofaorax6orotnomasi, Samarkand
STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL RISK FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF IRON
DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN 5 YEARS-OLD CHILDREN IN ALMATY AND
ALMATY REGION
Kazakh National Medical University named by S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty
Introduction. Rational nutrition is one of the most es-
sential factors for keeping children healthy, for their bal-
anced physical and mental development, ensuring stability
of growing child’s organism against hazardous factors of
environment. In countries, where the nutrition of main part
of the population is on high quality level, life expectancy
is higher, mobility and mortality rates are lower.
The Republic of Kazakhstan, which set strategic goal
to be among 50 competitive countries, needs to develop
national food supplying program for the population. For
that, it is needed to arrange rational norms of food con-
sumption for different age and gender, professional and
social groups of population, as one of the main indicators
of life quality assessment of population. Nowadays, the
indisputable truth of keeping healthy of all the people is
ensuring balanced nutrition during all lifecycle from birth
till natural death.
The goal of work. Develop nonns of food consumption
among 5 years-old children suffering from iron deficiency
anemia.
Materials and methods of research. On the basis of
thesis were used materials of complex checkup of 5 years-
old children from Almaty and rural areas of Almaty region.
Based on the results of investigation were received data for
development of nonns of food consumption, scientific
facts and arguments:
1)
Presence of overweight and disorder of composi-
tional variation of div structure, iron deficiency anemia,
state of hypovitaminosis, frequent relapses of chronic dis-
eases were proved;
2)
It was shown that on the basis of boundary and
pathological states is imbalance of foodstuffs, conditioned
by inadequate energy and food value of daily diet mainly
because of insufficient consumption of animal origin prod-
ucts, vegetables and fruits;
3)
Priority of factors, conditioned by lifestyle, was
determined in formation of new cases vegetative and car-
diovascular system’s functional deviation for the period of
school education;
4)
Expediency of correction school nutrition was
proved for correction of factors, limiting physical and
mental capacity of schoolchildren, prevention of tiredness
and stimulation of intensive adaptation process.
Different food disorder, which are spread among chil-
dren and teenagers of school age are main risk factors of
psychosocial disadaptation and development of alimentary
disordersfhypotrcphy, iron deficiency anemia and others),
which took the status of “school diseases” for the last dec-
ade. Growth rate of functional disorders and diseases is
higher in “new type of schools”.
Lack of knowledge of parents and children themselves
about bases of balanced rational nutrition, deficiency in
organization of slow food at school and absence of scien-
tific-proved norms consumption of foodstuffs make signif-
icant contribution in decreasing of child’s health potential
and deepening clinical symptoms of iron deficiency ane-
mia of early and school ages.
Results and conclusion. The main part of iron, enter-
ing organism, comes from bread stuff(34,7%), meat and
meat stuff(I9,l%), vegetab!es(14,3%), potatoes(7,2%),
fruits(2,6%), confectionaiy(2,3%), dairy products(l,7%),
fish(l,7%), egg(l,7%), oil and fat(l,5%).
5 years-old children from rural regions of Almaty,
comparably with their urban peers from Almaty itself, 2
times more consume bread and much less eat eggs and
vegetables, and generally do not eat fish at all. Urban chil-
dren consume dairy products 2 times more titan rural chil-
dren under school age, but we must mention that the ma-
jority of rural children under school age drink natural and
richer milk. The main difference of 5 years-old children
nutrition structure of Almaty is varied menu and food
composition. All this features of nutrition cause specific
character of energy value food allowance of urban and
rural children, level of consumption of proteins, fats, car-
bohydrates and frequency of deficiency of separate micro-
elements. As mentioned before, high calorie content of
food allowance of 5 years-old rural children is mainly be-
cause of high level of carbohydrate consumption, which is
due to floury and grain products.
5 years-old children most often suffered from the iron
and folate, vitamin A, calcium and zinc deficiency. The
percentage of children with folate and vitamin A deficien-
cy was high among rural children, but with zinc deficiency
- among urban children under school age. Should mention,
insignificant percentage of calcium deficiency was found
out only among urban children.
Analysis of results of determination of hemoglobin in
capillary blood of 5 years-old children (norm of hemoglo-
bin according to WHO =11,5 g/1) showed that 25% of
boys and 30% girls suffer from iron deficiency anemia in
rural areas of Almaty region. But in Alinaty, this number
is lower - 18% of boys and 8% of girls.
Approximately 7% rural and 10,5% urban investigat-
ed 5 years-old children had these or other presence of pol-
ynutrient deficiency, which indicates to the necessity, on
one hand, rationalization of children nutrition at home and
kinder gardens, on the other - importance of strengthening
of work on revealing alimentary-conditional states and
diseases on time.
Carrying out preventive measures on struggling with
iron deficiency anemia will be realized in following direc-
tions:
1)
Modification of food allowance with adding more
products containing heme iron and raising quotas on
vegetables and fruits, rich for ascorbic acid, which are
strong promoters for absorption of nonheme-iron;
2)
Strengthening educational programs in the field
of nutrition;
3)
Fortification of flour with vitamin and mineral
premix;
4)
Supplementation of iron containing chemicals for
pregnant women.
After well-handled research among rural and urban 5
years-old children, there were carried out educational pro-
grams in the field of healthy nutrition, held lectures, pub-
lish booklets, calendars, rulers, brochures, as well as medi-
cal and sanitary measures among people suffering iron
deficiency anemia.
Sakenova
D.A.,
Nurjanova K.C.,
Kulsinbayeva M.
