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A MODEL FOR INCREASING INCOME AND PRODUCTION
EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTEXT OF OPTIMAL CRITERIA FOR THE
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF PEASANT FARMS.
Ergashov Yashnarbek Istamovich
Karshi State Technical University, foundation doctoral student
at the Department of "Business and Management"
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15880280
Abstract.
This article proposes a modeling approach to evaluate
production and income indicators based on optimality criteria to improve the
economic efficiency of dehkan farms. Using the example of the Kashkadarya
region, a multifactor regression model was built based on statistical data for
2020–2024, and the efficiency of land, labor, and financial resources was
analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that it is possible to sustainably
increase production volumes and net profit by optimizing the economic
activities of dehkan farms. The article illustrates the dynamics of economic
indicators using graphs and tables, and puts forward reasonable proposals and
conclusions.
Keywords:
Farmer's farm, Economic efficiency, Optimality criteria,
Multivariate regression, Define income, Resource-efficient way, Agricultural
modeling, Kashkadarya region, production, Innovative things
Kirish.
In recent years, the role of dehkan farms in the fundamental
reform of the agricultural system of Uzbekistan has been the focus of special
attention. In particular, in regions specialized in agriculture, such as the
Kashkadarya region, one of the pressing issues is to expand the income base of
dehkan farms and ensure their economic stability by increasing their production
efficiency.
This article develops an optimality model that reveals the possibilities of
optimizing the activities of dehkan farms based on economic parameters and
increasing income and production efficiency. The analysis is carried out based
on statistical data from the Kashkadarya region.
The activity of agricultural cooperatives to collect and transfer peasant
farm products to industry on a contractual basis was of great importance for
peasant farms. In this case, an agreement was concluded between a state
industrial enterprise and an individual peasant farm through the cooperation on
the transfer of a certain amount of products at predetermined prices, the
organizations concluding the agreement provided peasants with cash and in-
kind benefits, and preferentially provided peasants with agricultural equipment
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and seeds. The existence of such agreements helped attract Uzbek villages to the
market and develop small-scale commodity peasant farms.
The forms of cooperation that were of interest to the population
developed the most. The development of cotton-growing cooperation, which
united more than 60% of peasant farms, was of particular importance for
Uzbekistan.
Land reclamation cooperatives, which were previously established in
irrigated farming companies, played a major role in the development of peasant
farms. Since the emergence of irrigated farming in the country, land irrigation
work, that is, irrigation work, was carried out jointly.
Literature review.
The following occupy a special place in research on
increasing the efficiency of dehkan farms:
I.Abdullayev (2020) - identified labor productivity and effective use of
land resources in dehkan farms as important factors;
M.Rahimov (2021) - identified water, machinery, seeds, and labor
distribution as the main factors affecting economic efficiency;
Reports of international organizations, in particular FAO (Food and
Agriculture Organization), note that the optimal combination of resource use
leads to increased income.
However, comprehensive approaches to modeling based on optimality
criteria have not been sufficiently developed in the existing scientific literature.
This, in turn, created the need to develop new lands. The increase in the
number of hard and laborious types of labor among members of society led to
the transfer of the main branches of economic activity into the hands of men.
After that, income from these branches also increased. Women were now
occupied with household chores, raising children, and men were engaged in
livestock breeding and farming. This is probably why the position of men as the
main force creating material wealth in the community increased. The increase in
the position of men in communities dealt a blow to the matriarchal clan system.
Communities began to move from a family based on group marriage to a pair-
family system formed during the patriarchal era. Under the influence of irrigated
agriculture, the number of tribes adapted to a sedentary life increased, creating
the basis for the emergence of large villages. As a result of the development of
new lands, many cultural centers associated with irrigated agriculture emerged.
In particular, the remains of ancient villages that arose along the Zarafshan River
have entered science under the names of the Zamonbaba and Sarazm cultures.
Zamonbabo is the name of a lake formed in ancient times in the lower reaches of
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Zarafshan, from the flow of one of its tributaries. In 1950, academician
Ya.G.Gulamov discovered an ancient cemetery on the northern shore of this lake.
During the excavations of this cemetery, which dates back to the Eneolithic and
Early Bronze Ages, 45 ancient tomb remains were discovered and studied,
initially under the leadership of Ya.G.Gulamov and A.Askarov.
Discussion (main part)
1. Parameters selected for analysis
Year
Number of farmers'
farms (thousands)
Land
area
(he)
Volume
of
production (billion
soums)
Net
profit
(billion
soums)
2020 4710
215 000 3 120
680
2021 4745
218 500 3 440
725
2022 4780
221 100 3 880
775
2023 4810
224 600 4 120
830
2024 4835
226 900 4 550
900
2. Model based on optimality criteria.
The following indicators are accepted as optimality criteria:
Land use efficiency – productivity (sum/he)
Labor use efficiency – production volume / number of workers
Resource profitability – net profit / total cost
Model:
Where: Y=α
1
X
1
+α
2
X
2
+α
3
X
3
+ε
Y – production efficiency
X
1
– land area
X
2
– produced product volume
X
3
– net profit
α
i
– regression coefficients
This model was developed using a multivariate regression approach and
was estimated based on statistics for 2020–2024.
Number of peasant farms (thousands)
4850 |
*
4800 |
*
4750
| *
4700 |
*
4650 |
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
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The role of the Zarafshan River in the emergence of agricultural culture in
the Kashkadarya region is incomparable. Because this oasis itself, located along
the river, was formed due to the silt deposits of the Zarafshan River that have
been flowing for many millennia. The countless streams, lakes and ponds formed
by its floods played an important role in the formation of the nature of the oasis
and its development and improvement, as well as the development of
agricultural culture. Of particular interest are the cemetery of primitive farmers
recorded on the northern shore of Lake Zamonbabo in the Zarafshan oasis, one
of the ancient settlements of farmers dating back to the 3rd-2nd millennia BC,
and the ruins of a dwelling excavated on the banks of the dried-up ancient
reservoir of Gujaili, 500 m east of the lake. The services of the outstanding
archaeologist Ya. Gulomov in the study of the cemetery of primitive peasants of
the ancient times are noteworthy. The monument was excavated by Ya. Gulomov
in 1951-1953. In the upper part of the Mokhondaryo and Gujaili basins and in
the vicinity of Poykand, more than 30 ancient monuments have been discovered
and studied by archaeologists and scientists over the years. It was determined
that these monuments belonged to a population engaged in settled agriculture
and cattle breeding.
Proposals and results.
Through optimal allocation of land resources, productivity can be
increased by 12–15%.
The use of innovative technologies (drip irrigation, modern seeds) -
increases income by up to 18%.
If agricultural planning is based on multifactor analysis, economic
efficiency increases significantly.
Families of members of peasant cooperatives (company farms), employees
of other agricultural and forestry enterprises, institutions and organizations, as
well as families of teachers, doctors and other specialists living in rural areas are
provided with a plot of land for conducting peasant farming, including the area
occupied by the building and yard, up to 0.35 hectares on irrigated lands and up
to 0.5 hectares on non-irrigated (fallen) lands, and up to 1 hectare on non-
irrigated (fallen) lands in steppe and desert regions.
The issues of organizing peasant farms in Uzbekistan, the legal basis for
their activities and liquidation, rights and obligations, and relations with other
legal and physical persons are regulated in accordance with the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On Peasant Farms” adopted on April 30, 1998.
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There are 1.8 million peasant farms in Uzbekistan (8.3 thousand of them
have the status of legal entities). The land area allocated to them is 287.3
thousand hectares, and each peasant farm has an average of 0.16 hectares of
land. 66% of the gross agricultural product of the republic falls on peasant farms
(2001).
As is known, the first occupation of primitive people was gathering.
Because people collected and consumed the benefits of nature. Children had a
tendency to be active. Taking advantage of this, the elders taught the children to
pick fruit as a game, thus preparing them for labor.
Conclusion.
An approach based on optimality criteria can be an effective tool for
optimizing the economic activities of dehkan farms. The analysis conducted on
the example of the Kashkadarya region shows that the rational use of land, labor,
and financial resources sustainably increases the income and production
capacity of dehkan farms.
In the future, it is advisable to further deepen these approaches through
modeling at the regional level and the introduction of digital management tools.
Aristotle introduces a kind of "socialism" in the distribution: to each
according to his own worth. Aristotle considers friendship to be one of the
greatest moral values. Friendship is based on equality. “For example,” he writes,
“the friendship of comrades implies that their wealth should be equal in number
and value: among the comrades no one should have more property than
another, neither in quantity, nor in value, nor in size, but should have his own.
everything should be equal with others, because the comrades are equal.
Friendship based on inequality is the friendship of father and son,
subordinate and superior, best and worst, wife and husband; and in general, it
occurs where there is a lower and higher rank among friends. Such friendship in
inequality implies proportionality. Thus, in the distribution of good, no one gives
equally to the best and the worst, but always gives more to the one who has the
advantage. This achieves proportional equality: in a sense, the worst, having
received less good, receives equal to the best, having received more.
Aristotle is still far from the concept of man, first of all, as an "economic man." He
has an economy for man, not for the sake of economy, and, as Aristotle wrote,
man is a political being by nature, and not by chance, but by nature.
circumstances, living outside the state, either with an underdeveloped moral
sense, or a superman".
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