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ENHANCING THERMAL AND FIRE RESISTANCE IN MULTILAYER
LOW-CARBON BUILDING STRUCTURES: MATERIAL
PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
Ruziev B.D.
1
Rashidov J.
2
1
Acting Head of the Architectural and Construction Department, JSC
"BOSHTRANSLOYIHA" Main Design and Survey Institute for Transport;
2
PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Tashkent University of
Architecture and Civil Engineering
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16880858
Abstract:
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of thermal
conductivity, thermal and fire resistance properties in buildings. Given the
importance of effective insulation materials in the design and construction of
modern buildings today, their temperature dynamics and thermal conductivity
coefficients are evaluated and analyzed. In addition, each thermal resistance,
application possibilities and fire resistance properties in multilayer structures
are also considered. The main purpose of the article is to determine the
effectiveness of materials used in multilayer structures and to improve their
quality in building construction.
Keywords:
Multilayer structures, thermal conductivity, thermal properties,
fire resistance.
Currently, a wide range of measures are being implemented in the world to
further deepen economic reforms in the building materials industry and
accelerate the development of the industry, increase the production of new
modern building materials, structures and products, and expand their types, and
certain results are being achieved. Expanding the types of building materials
produced, increasing the share of modern, convenient and high-quality products
produced on the basis of the localization program, and, in turn, reducing
imports, and further developing the industry remain urgent issues today.
Particular attention is paid to the development of new compositions of
building materials, and the creation of new compositions of multifunctional
additives based on technogenic waste for the production of building materials is
one of the important tasks of research in this direction. The development of new
compositions of multifunctional additives and highly effective building materials
with their participation is of great importance in substantiating relevant
scientific solutions in the following areas: creating new methods for the
production of building products based on technogenic additives, using new
compositions to obtain multifunctional building materials with the participation
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of secondary raw materials, increasing the strength indicators of heat-resistant
and refractory building materials, optimizing the composition of raw materials
to obtain low-energy building materials, modernizing the production
technologies of heat-resistant and refractory building materials, and using local,
alternative sources of active mineral additives to increase their volume.
In our republic, comprehensive measures are being implemented to
produce high-quality building materials, modernize the economy and create new
production capacities aimed at ensuring the demand for them. The Development
Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022–2026 sets the tasks of “developing
production sectors, modernizing and diversifying the industry, applying low-
energy-saving methods in practice, developing the industry of building materials
with polymer content, and producing import-substituting and export-oriented
products.” In this regard, scientific research aimed at developing new
compositions of multifunctional additives based on technogenic waste in the
production of building materials and new types of highly efficient building
materials with their participation is of great importance.
Regarding the improvement of methods for increasing thermal and fire
resistance properties in buildings,
It serves to implement the tasks set out in the
Resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4198 dated
February 20, 2019 “On measures for the radical improvement and
comprehensive development of the building materials industry”, No. PQ-4335
dated May 25, 2019 “On additional measures for the accelerated development of
the building materials industry”, No. PQ-4992 dated February 13, 2021 “On
measures for further reform and financial soundness of chemical industry
enterprises, development of the production of high-value-added chemical
products” and No. PQ-99 dated January 24, 2022 “On measures for the creation
of an effective system for the development of production and expansion of
industrial cooperation in the republic”, as well as other regulatory legal acts
related to the activities of this sector.
Today, the issue of extending the service life of buildings is gaining
importance. Therefore, the thermal conductivity and fire resistance properties
of their structures are extremely important in the design of buildings. Multi-
layer structures are widely used to effectively solve these problems. This article
analyzes the main properties of CSPs, and their thermal insulation, thermal
stability and fire resistance aspects are studied[1-3].
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Multi-layer barrier structures consist of different materials, each layer
performing a different function. In general, CCPs consist of the following
elements:
-The outer layer (external or internal): This layer is selected from aesthetic
and weather-resistant materials.
-Insulation layer: This layer provides thermal insulation. Its main function
is to reduce heat energy loss.
- CCP structures: These structures provide strength and distribute the
overall load. The mechanical and physical properties of each layer are selected
based on their construction purposes and are specifically designed to provide
optimal strength.
Table 1.
Insulation in multilayer structures thermal conductivity coefficients of
materials
Insulation
material
Thermal
conductivity coefficient
( λ , W/m·K)
Floor
value (d, m)
Thermal
resistance (R,
m²·K/W)
Aerogel
0.013
0.02
1.54
Styrofoam
0.035
0.02
0.57
Table 1 provides information on the thermal conductivity coefficients of
insulation materials used in multilayer barrier structures. The table shows
materials such as aerogel, foam plastic and mineral wool, and for each of them
the thermal conductivity coefficient (λ), layer value (d) and thermal resistance
(R) are indicated. This table will be the main source for determining the
effectiveness of insulation materials and choosing the most appropriate options
in construction.
In multilayer structures, thermal conductivity is determined by the thermal
resistance of the materials. This indicator is estimated using R-values, the higher
the R-value, the better the thermal insulation of the material. In the CSP, the
thermal conductivity of each layer is taken into account separately, and due to
their interaction, the overall thermal insulation is increased. For example,
modern materials such as polystyrene or mineral wool insulation provide a high
level of insulation. This contributes to energy efficiency and reduces the cost of
heating buildings in winter. When thermal stability is high, it becomes possible
to create a comfortable microclimate in the building. Temperature changes
occur slowly, which creates comfort for residents [4-5].
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Thermal stability is important for human comfort, and to ensure a
comfortable microclimate in buildings, it is necessary to use thermosetting
materials and structures [6-9]. That is, the thermal inertia of multilayer
structures helps to prevent rapid temperature changes in the building. For
example, in aerogel (Figure 1), the temperature dynamics are stable due to the
slow transfer of heat in multilayer barrier structures. The presence of air or
other insulating elements between the layers further increases thermal stability.
This property is equally effective in summer and winter climatic conditions,
reducing energy consumption in buildings.
Fig.1 .
Temperature dynamics of an aerogel layered ETC
The fire resistance of multilayer structures depends on the degree of fire
protection of the materials and their ability to maintain mechanical strength.
Table 2.
Thermal and fire resistance properties of multilayer barrier
structures
Insulation
material
Thermal
properties
Fire resistance
Importance
Aerogel
High thermal
efficiency
Harmonious,
effective
Energy saving and
environmental
responsibility
Styrofoam
Average thermal
efficiency
Harmonious,
moderately
productive
Cheap and effective
when installed
correctly
Table 2 provides information on the thermal and fire resistance properties
of insulation materials in multilayer structures. The table shows the thermal
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efficiency, fire resistance levels of materials such as aerogel, foam plastic and
mineral wool and their importance in construction. The materials used in
lightweight barrier structures (LFS) are classified according to their
flammability properties and their fire resistance time is determined by F values.
Non-combustible materials (for example, concrete or plaster) are used as the
outer layer and help maintain the integrity of the structure for a long time in the
event of a fire.
In conclusion, it should be said that multilayer structures have become an
important factor in the construction of buildings, improving thermal insulation,
ensuring thermal stability and increasing fire resistance. The use of modern
materials and technologies further increases the efficiency of CSPs, which
significantly contributes to the construction of energy-efficient buildings. In the
future, further development and implementation of today's innovative solutions
is important in terms of energy saving in the construction industry.
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