European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
52-54
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
20 March 2025
ACCEPTED
16 April 2025
PUBLISHED
18 May 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue05 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Phonological Approach to
The Study of Andizhan
Dialect
Satimboyeva Onorkhon Anvarjon qizi
Assistant teacher of the “University of economics and pedagogy” NOTM,
Independent researcher of the Uzdjtu, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article discusses the opinions of
linguists about the Andijan dialect, the specific features
of the pronunciation of representatives of this dialect.
It also provides information about the differences and
similarities of the Andijan dialect from other dialects.
Keywords:
Dialect,
vowel,
consonant,
lexical,
grammatical, phonetic, morphological, syntactic
features.
Introduction:
The history of the Andijan dialect dates
back to ancient times, and the majority of its
representatives were speakers of Turkic languages, and
the Andijan dialect served as the basis for the literary
language of all of Central Asia and Transoxiana in the
15th and 16th centuries. Many orientalists have
expressed their opinions on this issue. In particular, as
Professor A.Y. Yakubovsky noted: “During the Mongo
l
era, many cities in Fergana became Turkish cities. Some
of them, for example, Andijan, became a real center of
Turkish culture, especially the Turkish language” [6].
Andijan was among the developed cities even during
the Timurid period. Recognized as the center of the
Fergana Valley, the dialect of this city became the
dominant dialect for all regions. In this regard,
academician V.V. Bartold notes: “At the end of the 15th
century, Andijan differed from most of the cities in
Fergana in the predominance of
the Turkish language”
[4].
The following thoughts are expressed in the
Baburnama about the Andijan dialect: “The people are
Turkic and there is no one in the city bazaar who does
not know the Turkish language” [5]. Babur also noted
that the representatives of the cities of Margilan and
Akhsi spoke Sort, and the representatives of the city of
Andijan spoke Turkish. During the Mongol period, the
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and Management Studies
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European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
majority of the Sogdian-speaking population began to
speak Turkish. During this period, the majority of the
population of Andijan began to speak Turkish
exclusively.
After the merging of Central Asia to Russia, this city was
annexed to the former state of Turkestan. From then
on, interest in Russian culture began and industry
developed, as a result of which Russification and
Europeanization developed, which also affected the
speech of the population. The language of Babur's
works was written in the Andijan dialect. Also, the
creative works created by Navoi are variants of the
Turkic language, the basis of which was the Andijan
dialect. The works of Babur and Navoi were later
continued in their artistic works by scholars such as
Furqat, Mukumi, Zayqi, Niyozi, and in this regard, the
Andijan dialect played a major role in the formation of
the current Uzbek literary language.
In addition to Uzbeks, representatives of other
nationalities such as Uyghurs, Tatars, Russians,
Armenians, Tajiks, Jews, Kyrgyz, and Kazakhs live in
Andijan, and their languages influence each other in the
process of mutual discourse, and many interferences
arise. S. Ibrohimov in his book “Andijan Dialect of the
Uzbek Language” states: “The Andijan dialect is
widespread in many areas outside of Andijan. In
addition to speakers of Kipchak-Qarakalpak, Saray, and
Naiman-Turkic dialects in Andijan, others mainly speak
the Andijan dialect” [2].
Regarding the pronunciation of representatives of the
Andijan dialect, S. Ibrohimov: In his work "Andijan
dialect of the Uzbek language", the following thoughts
are given about the Andijan dialect: "In the Andijan
dialect of the Uzbek language, there are contrast pairs
of vowel phonemes marked by the horizontal
movement of the tongue, and therefore the state of
syngermanism has been preserved. This situation is
understood in some regions of the Andijan dialect by
pronouncing the back vowel o as a, and for example:
qazi (horse meat), qazi (sharia official), qaq (imitation
exclamation), qaq (the stem of the verb qaqmoq.
Researchers engaged in areal linguistics have paid little
attention to such cases. When zoning the Uzbek-
speaking massifs, for example, the dialectal zones in the
Fergana Valley were divided into three large groups:
the South-Eastern Fergana dialectal zone (Andijan-
Osh), the South-Western Fergana dialectal zone
(Margilan-Kokand), and the Northern Fergana dialectal
zone (Namangan)[3].
The phonetic, lexical, grammatical, and morphological
features of the Andijan dialect have attracted the
attention of many scholars. In this regard, Alimbekova
Vazira Halimjon kizi provides the following information:
In particular, it has been studied on the basis of
research by V.V. Radlov, F.E. Korshk, A.K. Borovkov,
Ghozi Olim Yunusov, S.Ibrohimov, A.Mamatov and
other scientists. In particular, according to the
classification of academician V.V. Radlov, this dialect
belongs to the 3rd group of four members, and
according to the interpretation of F.E. Korshk, it belongs
to the mixed or eastern group. According to the
classification of I.K. Borovkov, it belongs to I (the y-
group of the o-group). According to the classification of
V.V. Reshetov, it belongs to the Fergana part of the
Karluk, Chig'il, Uyghur dialects.
Sobirjon Ibrohimov provides a lot of information about
the Andijan dialect, including the German linguist
Stefan Wurm, who estimates the number of vowels in
this dialect to be 14. In this regard, he conducted
research by recording the pronunciation processes of
representatives of the Andijan dialect on a plate and
wrote information based on this, but he made some
significant mistakes.
Ibrohim Sobirov's book "The Andijan Dialect of the
Uzbek Language", written in 1967, on the history of the
study of the Andijan dialect, provides not only
information about the language, but also facts about
the history, nationality, and ethnic origin of this region.
Another scholar who has left his thoughts on the
Andijan dialect is Abdi Mamatov. This scholar has
contributed to the development and study of this
dialect with many articles, and in 2009, he made a
significant contribution to the development of our
vocabulary with the book "The Use of Cognate Terms in
Andijan Type Dialects."
Speakers of the Kipchak dialect occupy a significant part
of the territory of Uzbekistan. Similarly, the majority of
the population of Andijan also speaks the Kipchak
dialect. This is also due to Andijan's border with
Kyrgyzstan. Historically, representatives of the Kipchak
dialect have been in the majority in this region. In the
Kurgan-Tepa, Khojaabad, and Jalaquduk districts, which
are part of the southeastern region of Andijan, speakers
of the Kipchak dialect are in the majority, and lip
harmony prevails in this region, which distinguishes it
from other Kipchak dialects. In this dialect, the use of
the suffix -lak, which means negative, is of particular
importance, i.e. -boralak (may not go). This was
previously common in Altai and Kyrgyz dialects. Until
now, this situation has still been preserved in districts
such as Kurgan-Tepa (Dardoq, Kurganchek, Kyzyltoqay,
Dehkanchek, Yangiyul), and Jalaquduk (Abdullabiy,
Ilich, Okhunbobayev, Marks).
The pronunciation of the representatives of the Andijan
dialect is considered to be very consistent and similar
to the norms of the literary language. However, it
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and Management Studies
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European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies
differs from the Namangan, Fergana, Margilan and
Tashkent dialects in terms of the number of vowels.
That is, the number of vowels is greater than in other
dialects. According to Ibrohim Sobirov, in the Andijan
dialect there are contrast pairs, which are determined
by the horizontal movement of vowel phonemes on the
tongue, and therefore the law of synharmonism is
preserved to a certain extent [2].
If we turn to the vowel i, the front row (platal) is a
narrow unlabial vowel, which occurs in all syllables that
do not have the consonants q, g', x. The back row differs
from i in pronunciation, as well as in meaning. Some
consonants can be pronounced differently depending
on their position in words. Therefore, in some cases it
can be pronounced long, in some cases it can be
pronounced short.
REFERENCES
Alimbekova Vazira Xalimjon qizi. Dialektologiya
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academy.uz/index.php/si. 84-86-b.
Ibrohim Sobirov. O’zbek tilining Andijon shevasi. “Fan”
nashriyoti. Toshkent 196718-b.260 B.
Jahongirova (Mahmudova) Diyoraxon Bahodirjon qizi.
Andijon viloyatidagi tojikqishloq shevsi bo‘yicha ayrim
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