No. 05 (2025) Volume - V Issue - V

This article analyzes the economic characteristics of the cattle breeders of the Surkhan-Sherabad oasis by territorial distribution, the main differences in the composition and maintenance of livestock, as well as the factors that influenced the traditional economic activities of ethnic and ethnographic groups at the beginning of the twentieth century. Also presented are materials on the exchange of farms in connection with the mixed residence of cattle breeders with the sedentary agricultural population.

This article discusses three rare genetic diseases — albinism, Cri du Chat syndrome, and Reilly syndrome (congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis). Their main clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, features of genetic transmission, and modern approaches to treatment are described. An overview of the impact of these diseases on the quality of life of patients and the prospects for medical care is presented.

This article summarizes the content of endurance-physical qualities. Because its application and performance characteristics, types are applied in all practical activities, as well as in all sports in a unique way, and the need arises. Endurance refers to the process of coping, enduring, and overcoming the challenges of social life, physical education classes, sports training, and sports competitions, both large and small. Signs and qualities of endurance require a lot of repetition of exercises, long periods of exercise. Endurance breathing, holding the breath in, and the habituation of muscles and all joints to perform light and heavy movements are paramount.

The article analyzes the current state of developing professional competencies in higher education students in the context of implementing innovative approaches and advanced educational technologies. The main focus is on the importance of cultivating professional skills and abilities that meet labor market demands. Additionally, the article examines effective methods and conditions that facilitate the development of a competency-based approach in the educational process, and emphasizes the role of interactive teaching methods in enhancing students' level of professional preparedness.

This article analyzes the issues of manifestation of religious xenophobia in the era of globalization. In today's period, research within the framework of this topic plays an important role. The article mainly covers the main aspects and conclusions of the dissertation entitled "Religious xenophobia and features of its manifestation in the era of globalization" and serves to form a holistic picture in the reader on the topic. In particular, the article covers such issues as the relevance and necessity of the topic of the dissertation, the degree of study of the problem, the tasks of the study, the scientific novelty of the study, the practical result of the study, the scientific and practical significance of the research results and so on. In the study of the problem of xenophobia, research has been conducted in the fields of philosophy, history, pedagogy, psychology, law, religion, which shows that it has a coverage based on an interdisciplinary approach.

This study examines how animal symbols (zoonyms) in literature reflect both ethological principles and cognitive processes. We combined Tinbergen’s ethological framework with cognitive metaphor theory to analyze French and Uzbek literary passages featuring animal imagery. Each instance of animal symbolism was categorized into one of five motivational bases – instinctive, emotional, archetypal, initiatory, or moral – guiding a cross-cultural comparison. Applying Tinbergen’s four questions (function, phylogeny, mechanism, ontogeny) revealed that many animal metaphors share biological roots (e.g., a universal fear of predators) yet carry culturally specific nuances. The findings indicate that literary zoo-symbols are not arbitrary; they arise from innate animal behaviors interpreted through human cognitive and cultural lenses. Ultimately, the research highlights an integrated ethological–cognitive approach to understanding how animal imagery conveys meaning, offering insights for future cross-cultural literary studies.

It is imperative to improve patient outcomes and healthcare delivery by enhancing pharmaceutical services in pharmacies. This paper evaluates the present state of pharmacy services, pinpoints deficiencies in practice, and suggests methods for enhancement. This research emphasises the necessity of extending the role of chemists in patient care by conducting a systematic review of literature and analysing case studies. The results indicate that the integration of sophisticated pharmaceutical services can result in a decrease in medication-related problems, improved medication management, and improved patient education.

This research offers a thorough marketing analysis of the diverse selection of medications that are accessible in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. The objective of the investigation is to assess the pricing strategies, availability, and variety of pharmaceuticals in local pharmacies. This paper identifies critical trends and challenges in the pharmaceutical sector by evaluating market dynamics, consumer preferences, and regulatory influences. The results indicate a wide variety of products, but they also emphasise the need for significant improvement in affordability and accessibility. This research contributes to the comprehension of the pharmaceutical landscape in Samarkand, offering valuable insights to stakeholders such as policymakers, healthcare providers, and pharmaceutical companies.

The pharmaceutical industry is a critical component of healthcare systems worldwide, and the timely availability of medications is contingent upon the efficient implementation of logistics and taxation processes. The present logistics and taxing frameworks within pharmacy networks are the focus of this study, which aims to identify areas for improvement. The research examines the distribution of pharmaceutical products in terms of logistical inefficiencies and taxation challenges, utilising a mixed-methods approach. However, the results imply that there are substantial opportunities to improve operational efficiencies and propose strategic recommendations for optimising logistics and taxation processes in pharmacy networks.

The article explores national precedent phenomena as key components of Russian artistic discourse. These phenomena serve as culturally marked units that function as carriers of collective memory and conceptual identity. Drawing on linguistic, cultural, and discourse analysis, the article outlines the typology, features, and functions of precedent phenomena in Russian literature, cinema, and media art. Special attention is paid to the interaction between precedent texts, names, and situations with the sociocultural context of Russian-speaking society.

This article explores antonymic relations among the lexical units that denote headgear in English and Uzbek. While names of clothing items, including headgear, typically lack direct binary oppositions, certain indirect or contextually conditioned antonymic relations can be identified. The study investigates how such oppositions manifest in both languages and how cultural, functional, and stylistic aspects influence antonymy within this lexical field.

This article explores the concept of socialist realism as a universal method of artistic representation, officially established in the Soviet Union during the 1930s. It examines the ideological foundations, aesthetic principles, and implications of its proclaimed universality across various art forms. The article also discusses the limitations and transformations of the method, particularly in the context of its post-Soviet reevaluation.

This article examines both the theoretical underpinnings and practical techniques for integrating interdisciplinary connections into Russian language instruction at the secondary‐school level. It highlights how cross‐subject collaboration enriches students’ holistic understanding, enhances their linguistic competence, and fosters critical thinking. Sample methodologies draw on materials from literature, history, social studies, the natural sciences, and the arts.

This article is devoted to the development of professional competences of future foreign language teachers, in which the strategies of mastering students' reading and writing skills and the characteristics of the competence approach are analyzed. Also, the effectiveness of innovative technologies in the development of professional competencies is revealed.

This article is about developing reading motivation by using meaningful tasks such as using reading to identify solutions to problems and other texts of interest to the students. Findings from the first sample suggest that teachers prefer more tangible practices when teaching reading comprehension (teaching vocabulary, prediction and asking questions), in contrast to developing the inference skills and self-monitoring for meaning strategies of the children they teach.

This article examines the major themes, narrative techniques, and historical influences in the works of Egyptian novelist Jamal al-Ghitani. Through a synthesis of Islamic historiography, Sufi mysticism, and modern literary forms, al-Ghitani reshaped Arabic narrative to reflect both historical consciousness and contemporary political critique. His fiction provides a unique case study in the adaptation of classical Arabic traditions to modernist literary sensibilities.

The present study investigated self-comforting behaviours of university students by validating and applying the Self-Comforting and Coping Scale (SCCS), a newly developed multidimensional psychometric instrument designed to measure emotional self-regulation and adaptive coping strategies. Self-comforting behaviours—including positive self-encouragement, mindfulness, cognitive reframing, and self-compassion—are essential for psychological resilience, yet few tools adequately capture these dimensions in a cohesive framework. A sample of 300 undergraduate students participated in the study to validate the SCCS and assess the prevalence of these behaviours within a higher education context.

Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate self-comforting tendencies in the sample. A one-sample t-test revealed that the overall SCCS mean score (M = 3.25, SD = 0.72) was significantly higher than the scale's theoretical midpoint of 3.0 (t(299) = 3.47, p < 0.001), confirming that the students demonstrated a relatively high level of self-comforting behaviour. Subscale-specific analyses further supported this finding, with particularly elevated scores reported in domains such as Mindfulness and Acceptance (M = 4.5, SD = 0.6), Positive Affect/Self-Encouragement (M = 4.3, SD = 0.8), and Self-Compassion (M = 4.2, SD = 0.75). These results suggest that students not only engage in self-comforting strategies but do so consistently and with considerable effectiveness.

To validate the internal structure of the SCCS, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Eigenvalues for the 13 identified factors ranged from 1.2 to 7.8, collectively explaining 73.2% of the total variance, indicating that the scale captured a substantial proportion of the underlying constructs. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.88, with minimal residuals and no significant modification indices, supporting the robustness of the proposed factor structure.

These findings affirm the SCCS as a psychometrically sound instrument and highlight the presence of strong self-comforting and coping capacities among university students. The results have implications for mental health practitioners, educators, and researchers seeking to identify and support emotionally resilient individuals in academic settings.

The present study investigated self-comforting behaviours of university students by validating and applying the Self-Comforting and Coping Scale (SCCS), a newly developed multidimensional psychometric instrument designed to measure emotional self-regulation and adaptive coping strategies. Self-comforting behaviours—including positive self-encouragement, mindfulness, cognitive reframing, and self-compassion—are essential for psychological resilience, yet few tools adequately capture these dimensions in a cohesive framework. A sample of 300 undergraduate students participated in the study to validate the SCCS and assess the prevalence of these behaviours within a higher education context.

Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate self-comforting tendencies in the sample. A one-sample t-test revealed that the overall SCCS mean score (M = 3.25, SD = 0.72) was significantly higher than the scale's theoretical midpoint of 3.0 (t(299) = 3.47, p < 0.001), confirming that the students demonstrated a relatively high level of self-comforting behaviour. Subscale-specific analyses further supported this finding, with particularly elevated scores reported in domains such as Mindfulness and Acceptance (M = 4.5, SD = 0.6), Positive Affect/Self-Encouragement (M = 4.3, SD = 0.8), and Self-Compassion (M = 4.2, SD = 0.75). These results suggest that students not only engage in self-comforting strategies but do so consistently and with considerable effectiveness.

To validate the internal structure of the SCCS, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Eigenvalues for the 13 identified factors ranged from 1.2 to 7.8, collectively explaining 73.2% of the total variance, indicating that the scale captured a substantial proportion of the underlying constructs. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.88, with minimal residuals and no significant modification indices, supporting the robustness of the proposed factor structure.

These findings affirm the SCCS as a psychometrically sound instrument and highlight the presence of strong self-comforting and coping capacities among university students. The results have implications for mental health practitioners, educators, and researchers seeking to identify and support emotionally resilient individuals in academic settings.

This study synthesizes existing literature to comprehensively examine the aggregated effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on enterprise performance. Drawing upon a wide range of empirical studies conducted across diverse industries and geographical contexts, this review analyzes the multifaceted relationship between EO – encompassing innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy – and various dimensions of organizational success. By aggregating findings from prior research [1], [3], [7], [12], [18], [25], [29], [31], this article provides a robust understanding of how a firm's entrepreneurial posture collectively drives improved performance outcomes. The analysis identifies key mediating and moderating factors that influence this relationship, such as market orientation [10], [16], [44], innovation capabilities [21], [22], total quality management [2], [3], and environmental dynamism [16]. The findings highlight the consistent and significant positive impact of a strong EO on various aspects of business performance, offering valuable insights for both academics and practitioners seeking to enhance organizational effectiveness through entrepreneurial initiatives.

Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill in second language acquisition, yet traditional methods often rely on short, intensive reading passages that may not fully engage learners. This study investigates the use of English novels as a tool to improve students’ reading comprehension in an EFL context. Results indicate that the novel-reading group made significant gains in reading comprehension and related sub-skills, with notably higher incidental vocabulary gains and improved inferencing ability in comprehension questions. Participants also demonstrated increased reading fluency and expressed greater cultural insight and motivation to read in English.

In recent years, the Korean language has attracted millions of learners worldwide. Influenced by K-dramas, K-pop, and educational or job opportunities in Korea, many young people are motivated to study Korean. This article outlines practical strategies, useful resources, and motivational insights for effective Korean language learning.

The presented article is aimed to explore the linguistic representation of the author within the poetry of V. Vysotsky. To accomplish this objective, several tasks were undertaken: an extensive examination of V. Vysotsky's poetic legacy, a thorough analysis of the stylistic application of phraseological units in his poetry to effectively showcase the evolving character of phraseology, its receptiveness to diverse structural and semantic transformations, and to distinctly highlight the uniqueness of the poet's artistic style and his skillful manipulation of language.

Jamal al-Gitani (1945–2015) is an outstanding Egyptian writer whose work marks an important stage in the development of modern Arabic literature. A special place in his legacy is occupied by the genre of diaries and memoirs, which he developed from the very beginning of his writing career. His works, such as "Diary", "Book of Revelations" and "Notebooks of Essays", are a synthesis of personal memories, historical reflections and artistic imagination, which makes them unique in Arabic literature.

This article studies households as one of the main subjects in the economic system. The economic activity of households, their role in market relations and the distribution of resources are analyzed. Also, the sources of income, consumption behavior of households and their impact on socio-economic stability in society are scientifically covered. The article reveals the essence and functional tasks of households in economic relations based on statistical data, practical examples and existing scientific views.

This article analyzes the factors influencing the consumer behavior model. In particular, it examines how psychological, sociological, cultural and economic factors influence consumer decisions. It also highlights the role of this model in the economy, namely the formation of market demand, the definition of marketing strategies and its impact on the equilibrium in the market for goods and services. By studying consumer behavior in depth, economic entities will be able to make more effective decisions.