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SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PLANNING IN THE TRAINING OF
ATHLETES
Razzoqova Mushtariy
Second-year master's student at the Faculty of Taekwondo and Sports Activities, National University of
Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Scientific inquiry, training-exercise,
sports science, human, world, analysis, synthesis,
induction,
deduction,
similarity,
analogy,
modeling, abstraction, clarification, system,
analysis, observation, experiment.
Received:
20.09.2024
Accepted
: 25.09.2024
Published
: 30.09.2024
Abstract:
This work examines certain principles
that must be followed in the process of scientific
inquiry. These principles include the knowledge of
the objective world, determinism, development,
historicism, and the unity of theory and practice.
It emphasizes the ability to form a truthful
understanding of the surrounding world and its
laws through human learning activities.
INTRODUCTION
A distinctive feature of scientific research in sports science is that every phenomenon studied in any
field of physical education is examined in the process of its development, in mutual connection and
correlation. For example, when investigating facts characterizing the structure of an athlete's training
process, one can determine how they developed previously, what factors had a decisive influence on
them in the conditions of a specific sport, and how these facts and phenomena might influence the
further development of physical education theory and methodology.
Scientific inquiry is a complex dialectical process through which human intellect delves into the essence
of things, their lawful connections, and relationships. Without scientific inquiry, it is impossible to
effectively transform nature and social life. It is well known that the issue of understanding the world
is considered the central problem of philosophy.
METHOD
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In the process of cognition, the subject of knowledge (human) and the object of knowledge (existing
reality) are interconnected. Humans study the world, and therefore, all the knowledge they gain is not
just an objective depiction of reality, but rather a subjective representation. This means that a
contradiction arises between objectivity and subjectivity in the process of cognition. Over time,
knowledge becomes increasingly accurate; that is, the development of cognition and the deepening of
knowledge about the objective world inevitably turns into a process of more adequately reflecting
reality.
The development of sports science, like any other science, is not an exception. It is closely linked with
the development of the methodology of scientific inquiry, including its methods and principles.
Scientific methodology is the system of the most general, worldview-related principles of scientific
knowledge. Methodology in science generally refers to the general methodology of science, including
the doctrine of the methods of scientific knowledge in a specific field.
A method is the primary way of collecting and processing data in scientific research. A scientific method
always originates from the general principles and ideas about the characteristics of the object and
encompasses the guidelines and requirements that ensure the achievement of the result, which is the
goal.
Methodology is a concept that expresses the combination of methods or technical approaches related
to a specific method, which also includes specific procedures, their sequence, and interrelations
Methodology includes: a) A specific variant of the method, a special way to solve a particular problem,
for example, the methodology of studying an athlete's speed-strength qualities. b) A set of methods for
researching a given task and the procedure for applying them, for instance, the methodology for
studying a wrestler's competitive activity.
The logic of scientific knowledge studies its structure and stages and provides a comprehensive value
of the scientific research process and its constituent elements.
Any scientific research should begin with the formulation of a scientific problem. Ilmiy
muammo
bilimlarning erishilgan darajasi bilan ijtimoiy amaliyotning yangi dalillari yoki ehtiyojlari orasidagi
ziddiyatning yuzaga kelishi va rivojlanishi oqibati sifatida shakllanadi.
To properly formulate a scientific problem, it is necessary to be familiar with the latest achievements
and possibilities of science and technology, as well as to have a clear understanding of the level of
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research in that particular field. The correct formulation of a scientific problem can provide significant
insights for its resolution.
Based on scientific methodology, the following general methods of scientific inquiry can be
distinguished: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, modeling, abstraction, clarification,
systematic analysis, observation, and experiment.
Analysis is a method of investigation that involves mentally or practically breaking down an object into
its components, characteristics, properties, or relationships to study them individually. Each separated
part is analyzed individually within the context of the whole. For example, analyzing both the training
process of a team of athletes and that of each individual player.
Synthesis is the method of combining, integrating, or constructing to study an object as a whole,
considering the interrelations and unity of its parts. In scientific research, synthesis is closely connected
to analysis, as it unites the components that have been separated during the analysis process,
identifying their interrelations and enabling the study of the object as a whole. For example, studying
the total volume of different training loads in micro and mesocycles performed by athletes.
Induction is a research method based on studying the characteristics of certain elements of an object
and drawing general conclusions about characteristics that apply to all elements. For instance, specific
factors that positively affect an athlete's performance in competitions are studied and then generalized
across other performance indicators.
Deduction is a method of reasoning from the general to the specific, where the object is first examined
as a whole, and then its components are analyzed. For example, studying the technique of a wrestler
performing a particular move, followed by breaking down the move into its components: gripping,
lifting, tripping, and falling.
Analogy is a method of scientific thinking that relies on the similarity between certain objects or
phenomena to study one based on its resemblance to another. For example, studying the physical fitness
of school-aged children in specific schools and applying the results to all schools.
Modeling is a method of scientific inquiry in which the object or phenomenon being studied is replaced
with a similar object or model that embodies the most important characteristics of the original. In sports
science, modeling competitive activities is widely used, such as using similar equations to describe a
competition between two athletes and investigating it with modern computers. For example, computer
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programs have been developed and are actively used in practice to model a wrestler's matches against
potential opponents.
Abstraction is a method that allows for the transition from specific objects to the general concepts and
laws of development by diverting attention away from the particular and focusing on the broader
principles.
This method is applied in pedagogical research when developing a prospective plan for the training
process, whereby the future development of athletes' training is predicted based on an analysis of their
previous activities. Clarification is a method that, unlike abstract or general studies, involves examining
objects in their full complexity and qualitative diversity.
In this approach, the state of the objects is studied in relation to their specific conditions and historical
development. Thus, the prospects for improving athletes' physical training are calculated using a new
method through predictions and calculations.
System analysis
means studying the research object as a collection of elements that form a system. In
scientific research, this involves evaluating the object's status as a system, taking into account all the
factors influencing the functioning of that object. In sports science, for example, this method is widely
used in studying competitive activity as a whole, particularly in identifying factors that affect the
performance of athletes.
Observation
is a method of studying an object through quantitative measurements and qualitative
descriptions. It is used in all types of research in sports science. For instance, it is applied in timing
training sessions and determining the percentage of overall and movement intensity in training.
Scientific experimentation
is a scientific test conducted according to the goals of the study to verify
the results of theoretical research. A scientific experiment is carried out under specific conditions that
allow observation of the phenomenon's course and, if necessary, its exact repetition.
In sports science, any newly developed methodology must be confirmed through pedagogical scientific
experiments.
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