EIJMRMS ISSN: 2750-8587
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ASSESSMENT OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CAD-CAM CERAMIC CROWNS
Abdurashidov Oybek Abdurashidovich
Assistant Department of orthopedic dentistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand,
Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Fracture, suprastructure.
Received:
03.10.2024
Accepted
: 08.10.2024
Published
: 13.10.2024
Abstract:
Angular abutments have been
developed in the anterior part of the upper and
lower jaw to achieve optimal mechanical,
aesthetic and biological results in treatment based
on implants. The optimal placement of the implant
and the design of the suprastructure make it
possible to achieve a high aesthetic result. It is
known that with an increase in the angle of
inclination of the abutment, the microstrain
increases significantly, which makes it important
to choose the preferred material of the
suprastructure. An option for restoring the
dentition in case of partial adentia is prosthetics
based on implants, which allows preserving the
integrity of adjacent teeth.
INTRODUCTION
Angular abutments have been developed in the anterior part of the upper and lower jaw to achieve
optimal mechanical, aesthetic and biological results in treatment based on implants. The optimal
placement of the implant and the design of the suprastructure make it possible to achieve a high
aesthetic result. It is known that with an increase in the angle of inclination of the abutment, the
microstrain increases significantly, which makes it important to choose the preferred material of the
suprastructure. An option for restoring the dentition in case of partial adentia is prosthetics based on
implants, which allows preserving the integrity of adjacent teeth [1].
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Pages: 31-41
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CEREC CAD/CAM dentistry is a process in which dental restorations are made using an HD intraoral
video scanner, computer
—
aided design software and precision milling equipment. It uses advanced
motorized equipment to create 3D objects, including customized dental crowns that are perfect for your
mouth.
Ceramic Crown CAD/CAM
Let's take a closer look at what the materials used are, what their advantages are and how the procedure
itself goes.
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A CAD/CAM crown is essentially a denture for a tooth that is made without the use of metal. Instead,
lithium disilicate is used, which is characterized by greater strength and durability. In addition, these
types of prostheses are almost impossible to differentiate from one's own teeth.
The metal-free construction of this type was developed in Germany, because of the substance used, it is
also called glass ceramics. It is characterized by wear resistance even at high chewing loads and the
ability to maintain its properties for more than two decades.
Advantages of crowns using CAD/CAM technology
CAD/CAM ceramic crowns have a number of advantages that place them in the top of products used for
similar purposes:
• Aesthetics and convenience. Due to the color features, they are practically ind
istinguishable from their
own teeth, and a tight fit to the gum gives a feeling of comfort.
• Security. The materials do not cause irritation of the oral mucosa and rejection reactions, so the option
is especially preferable for people with allergies.
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•
The ability to keep your own tooth tissues alive. This is due to the small thickness of the structure,
and, consequently, there is no need for intensive preparation.
• Light weight of the product. Due to this, minimal pressure is exerted on the underlying
bone.
• The ability to use glass ceramics for both front and chewing teeth.
• Special strength, which makes it possible to operate such products for a very long period of time.
Indications for the procedure
The replacement of zirconium oxide with lithium disilicate made it possible to multiply the service life
of the product and solved the issues of its premature failure.
The cost of this type of prosthetics is slightly higher than using alternatives in the form of cermets, but
this is the only drawback of the method.
However, only a dentist can determine whether the system is suitable for a particular person, so make
an appointment with a competent specialist before making a decision. First of all, the doctor conducts
a general examination of the oral cavity and identifies anatomical and physiological indications for the
procedure. The next step is to determine the condition of a particular damaged tooth, clean it, process
it, and in rare cases even remove it. Sometimes, however, even these activities are not required. The
next step is to determine the bite and begin the process of making a CAD/CAM crown (check the price
in the price list). The process takes about 2-3 weeks and during this period, temporary prosthetic
options are installed for the patient. At the end of the period, the restoration is completed directly by
installation.
Tooth loss is accompanied by changes in anatomical structures and resorption of the alveolar bone.
According to the study, using the example of an incisor bone, 25% of the bone volume is lost in the first
year after tooth extraction, and 40-60% in the first 3 years. In addition, a change in anatomy in the
compact bone of the vestibule after tooth extraction may cause difficulties in implant placement [2].
Angular abutments have been developed in order to achieve optimal mechanical, aesthetic and
biological results in the anterior part of the upper and lower jaw during implant-based treatment [3,4].
Clinical results with the use of angular abutments are considered satisfactory [4].
Visually, single restorations based on implants are compared with adjacent natural teeth, especially in
patients with gingival type of smile. In metal-ceramic restorations, the unnatural appearance of the
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metal infrastructure negatively affects aesthetics [5]. Since the optimal placement of the implant and
the design of the suprastructure are necessary to simulate the natural appearance of the tooth and
achieve a high aesthetic result, ceramics can be used to restore the crown part.
Recently, computer-aided design (CAD) and automated manufacturing (CAM) technologies have been
used in the standardized production of monolithic crowns [6]. Due to its excellent aesthetic as well as
mechanical characteristics, such as high fracture resistance and bending strength, zirconium is a
reliable alternative to metal restorations [7]. An in vitro study conducted by Beuer et al. showed that
zirconium crowns in full anatomy have a higher resistance to fracture than zirconium crowns with
traditional cladding.
A new glass-ceramic material has appeared in dental practice, lithium-silicate ceramics reinforced with
zirconium (Vita Suprinity ,VS), combining the beneficial physical properties of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)
and the aesthetic characteristics of traditional glass ceramics [9].
Vita Enamic (VE), a hybrid ceramic obtained by combining ceramics and composite, has advantages
such as low brittleness, lateral stability, in addition, the material is perfectly amenable to processing
[10]. Due to the finer crystalline silicate particles and the homogeneous structure, the material has a
high abrasion resistance. The dense glass matrix in the composition gives an aesthetic appearance [11].
Due to the high bending strength, these materials, used in a monolithic manner, demonstrate reliability
in the manufacture of restorations in the area of the chewing group of teeth, in patients with high
occlusal loads, as well as with insufficient interclusal distance [12].
The angle of the abutment is a mechanical variable that can affect the internal and external structure of
bone tissues [13]. It is known that with an increase in the angle of inclination of the abutment, the micro-
voltage increases significantly. In this case, it becomes important to choose the preferred
suprastructure material [1].
Goal
The purpose of this study was to study fracture resistance, as well as the types of fractures of monolithic
all-ceramic blocks mounted on abutments with different angles of inclination.
METHODS
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CAM-CAD restorations were mounted on titanium abutments, the angle of inclination of which was: 0
(group 0), 15 (group 15) and 25 (group 25).
Artificial CAM-CAD crowns were made of:
• monolithic zirconium dioxide [Zir],
• lithium silicate ceramics reinforced with zirconium dioxide [VS],
• hybrid ceramics [VE].
The samples were subjected to dynamic loading and thermocyclic aging in vitro. The values of
resistance to destruction were measured, as well as the types of destruction were determined.
RESULTS
The highest fracture resistance was found in the 0-Zir group, and the lowest in the 15-VE group.
Fracture resistance showed significant differences between group 0 and group 15 for Zir and VE
materials, as well as between group 0 and group 25 for VS; no statistical significance was revealed
between the other groups. When analyzing the types of fractures, complete or partial fractures of
artificial crowns were detected in the samples, and abutment deformation was found in some samples.
CONCLUSION
The fracture resistance of monolithic crowns, which include zirconium, is higher than that of hybrid
materials. As the angle of inclination of the abutment increases, the resistance of the restoration to
destruction decreases. When using an angular abutment, the material of the suprastructure plays an
important role.
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