Science and Technology Other Topics

Subjects of the research: The ring spinning machine «Zinser», cotton fiber and yarn samples produced from it.
Purpose of work: Improve the quality of yarn on the basis of theoretical research and practical and optimization of parameters of ring spinning machine «Zinser».
Method of research: Of properties of yarn carried on the researching equipment of certification center named after «CENTEXUZ» at TITLI, also on the modern test equipment installed in the laboratory branch of “Gurlan teks” foreign company “Muruvvat teks”. There are used the theory of mechanics of yarns, methods of mathematical statistics and analysis of the experiment in this thesis.
The results obtained and their novelty: The influence of spindle speed and twist on the properties of the yarn was studied. Defined the dominant influence on the properties of the yarn twist, and with increasing number of twist the difference of actual twist increases than nominal. Justified that by changing the size of the triangle of twisting may improve the structure of the yarn and improving its quality. Strain components are estimated with great accuracy using strain created by the test apparatus. Determined that the compact yarn has a higher tensile force compared to the conventional yarn by 14% and hairiness below 80%.
Practical value: Based on research of the effect speed spindle and twist on the properties of the yarn recommended optimal operating parameters of high-speed ring spinning machines. Rationale for ways to improve the quality of the actual yarn is of great practical importance.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: The results of the thesis introduced in the spinning machine with 1200 spindles in branch “Gurlan teks” foreign company “Muruvvat teks” and economic efficiency of 43180.35 thousand sum. per year.
Field of application: Mills of spinning.

Subject of research: Ipakchi-2 x Ipakchi-1 cocoons, ultraviolet luminescence, device, raw silk, twisted thread, fabric, knitted fabric, boiling, bleaching.
Purpose of work: To improve technology of preparing raw silk for getting uniform silk colouring by sorting according to colour range of cocoons cover.
Methods of research: Theoretical research was based on threads mechanics, spectrophotometer method, electronic microscopy, mathematical statistics and experiments analysis.
Experimental researches were made using modem equipment and devices at the laboratories of “Silk technology” departments and Certification centre “CcntcxUz” of TITLE
The results obtained and their novelty: A device with programmed operating for defining cocoons colour in real time. (Patent №DGU 01345) and atent application (№ FAR 2008 0074) for automated sorting device of cocoons on cover colour range о the base of MKK.-1 were made. Rational speed of unreeling was defined and an application act at the factory on a modern silk reeling machine K.CC-SR100 (115-120m/min) was received. Due to additional including cocoons sorting on colour range the technology of preparing raw silk for making smoothly dyed fabrics, knitted fabrics and goods was improved.
Practical value: Rational speed of cocoons unreeling was defined. It will allow to produce raw silk of high quality and to increase assortment of smoothly dyed fabrics which arc in demand both in our country and abroad, it will increase effectiveness of industrial production.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the research of the dissertation were applied in cocoons unreeling workshop in Namangan “Vodiy ipagi” ltd. Expected profit in manufacture and realization of 1000m2 silk knitted fabric is 406000 sum (in the price of 2006).
Field of application: Cocoons unreeling, silk weaving and knitting factories.

Urgency and relevance of dissertation topic. Today, all over the world to the highest level raised agriculture, food production and ensuring its security.
In recent years, a number of activities to create added value by organizing and processing of agricultural products achieved high economic efficiency through the use of new technologies.
Drying is one of the most common ways of processing agricultural products grown. There is a steady increase in demand for dried vegetable ingredients are widely used in cooking. Production of dried foods with high nutritional value, containing large amounts of vitamins, carbohydrates and rich in minerals with minimal destructurized biological components has become an urgent task of today.
In the course of solving this problem arose the need for a resource-saving drying technology, providing the output of interior ha-quality products. Technology development of dry products associated with the implementation of methods of drying in two stages, the use of electro-magnetic fields, infrared and microwave ranges of energy supply.
This research work is performed in accordance with regulations President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № PP-I072 «About measures for implementation of important projects on modernization, technical and technological reequipment of production for 2009-2015», adopted on 12 March 2009 № PP-1633 «On measures to further improve the management of the organization and development of the food industry, laziness Republic in 2012-2015», adopted on 31 October 2011.
Purpose of research is reducing energy costs and improving the quality of the finished product when drying components culinary products.
Scientific novelty of the dissertation research:
the influence of the characteristic methods preliminary temporary short-IR, microwave and infrared microwave process affecting the structure of the object of drying, the state of moisture in the product, its removal during the vacuum infrared drying;
describes a mechanism for focusing the emitted energy of the IR spectrum, pulsed radiation, the magnitude of its length and density, analytical study of the emissivity of the IR emitter in relation dried vegetables, disclosed cyclical energy transformations, the mechanism of ejection pulse energy and maximize the efficiency of the process, the range of the emitted waves and effects including sterilizing at drying vegetables;
formalized mathematical relationship between exposure periods, and breaks through the diffusion coefficient as a result of studies of the effect of temperature gradient and redirect moisture evaporation of moisture due to accumulated heat during pulse heating with simultaneous cooling of the material, thus the redistribution of moisture present in the centre of the specimen in the periphery;
determined by the temperature and the length of vacuum infrared drying vegetables, the limiting factor is the activity in the water;
substantiated role increase osmotically bound moisture sample to establish limits on the length of the period of drying at a constant high speed;
the mechanism of stimulation of the drying process by entering the pretreatment facility and a cascade of drying.
Conclusion
1. The processes of drying designed to study the effect of different methods of exposure to moisture, and must be removed as far as possible at a low temperature in a short time and with minimal energy consumption. The characteristic IR momentary prior methods, microwave and infrared exposure to microwave drying objects, studied their influence on the state of the moisture in the product, its removal in the atmospheric and vacuum infrared drying. Due to the feasibility of finding appropriate methods of drying and to develop constructive recommendations for the rational organization of the process of drying potatoes, carrots and onions.
2. The degree of radiation and the heating temperature of the working body -the radiator, ceramic selected pulse converters. The mechanism of focusing the radiated energy of the IR spectrum, pulsed radiation, the magnitude of its length and density. Discloses a cyclical energy conversion mechanism and a mechanism ejection pulse energy and maximize the efficiency of the process, the range of the radiated waves and effect, including sterilizing at drying vegetables.
3. Describe the effect of redirecting the temperature gradient and moisture evaporation of moisture due to accumulated under pulsed heating of heat while cooling the material, thereby redistribution of moisture at the center of the sample in the periphery. Disclosed mathematical relationship between exposure periods and breaks through the diffusion coefficient.
4. The features of the mechanism of action of electromagnetic fields IR samples were dried in the product, reducing the operating temperature of the evaporation of moisture of up to 50°C.
5. It was established experimentally that in studies of pulsed-mode continuous drying with decreasing levels of energy supply in each subsequent cycle of the vitamin C content in potatoes, carrots and onions are respectively 63.5; 30.26 and 49.74 mg%, sugar 52.5; 52.5 and 72.5%. For the other two modes IR energy supply when drying potatoes, carrots and onions to a moisture content of 10-14% time spent increased by 7%.
6. It is confirmed that the application of pre-cal elektrofizi (infrared, microwave) treating the drying process is accelerated, especially in the short-term IR pre-treatment delayed, the final moisture content of the sample was 9.88% of potatoes, carrots - 8.83%, onion - 12 4%. When using the microwave processing final moisture of the sample is 13.9% of potatoes, carrots - 9.2%, onion - 11.4%. When using a combined infrared microwave - final moisture content of the sample processing potatoes is 12.9%, carrots - 9.8%, onion - 14.08%.
7. IR vacuum drying IR pretreatment reduces drying time of about 30 minutes and reduces temperature of from 65 to 50°C, thereby saving energy costs.
8. Based on the results of laboratory studies, experimental and industrial test developed technological scheme of the primary dried vegetable ingredients, compiled the material balance. The potatoes subjected to experiments (grade «Santa»), carrots (grade «shantane») and onions (grade «karatal») residual amount of sugar increased by 20%, and vitamin C by 13%. Due to improvement of the grade of the finished product at the enterprises «GOLD DRIED FRUITS» and «TOOL PAPER» settlement annual economic effect will be 305.3 million sums on enterprise-yatii SP LLC "Turakurgan Shirinlik Agro" actual effect was 101.5 million with an annual sum the development of 200 tons of dehydrated vegetables.

Subjects of research: the acetylene, acetaldegyd, KOH, DMSO, butyn-3-ol-2, heksyn-3-diol-2,5 and their vinyl ethers, as well as their laboratory and production installing of their synthesis.
Aim of the inquiry: synthesis of acetylene alcohols on the base of local rawmaterials. Studying the vinilytion reaction of some saturated and synthesized acetylene alcohols. Improvement of the technology of obtain of butyn-3-ol-2 and hcxin-3-diol-2,5. Determination of optimal conditions for caring out of this process. Methods of research: gas-liquid chromatography, quantum-chemical method RMZ, PMR- and IR- spectrometry, clement analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: the vinilytion of butyn-3-ol-2 and hexyn-3-diol-2,5 by acetylene in the presence KOH-DMCO at the atmosphere pressure was studied. Improvement technological scheme of butyn-3-ol- 2 and it's vynilated ether synthesis was elaborated. The description of technological process and scheme of synthesis of some new compounds were given. The quantum-chemical and molecular dynamic calculations of some acetylene alcohols and diols were carried out. Mathematic modeling of their vinilytion also was carried out.
Practical volue: vinylated derivatives of alcohols were synthesized by homogenieal catalytical vinilytion by acetylene at atmosphere pressure. The technological reglamcnt of synthesis of vinyl esters butyn-3-ol-2, hcxyn-3-diol-2,5 and their vinyl ethers was developed.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: in ОАО "Navoiazot" installing bor syntheses butyn-3-ol-2, gcksin-3-diol-2,5 and their vinyl ethers was contested and arc also the technological reglamcnt was elaborated. Some synthesized componndics were recommended bor using as defoliants and grow-regulating preparates. The elaborated methods of synthesis of acetylene alcohols and their vinylation arc used at reading of the course “Technology of organic synthesis”
Field of application: chemical industry, agriculture, the educational process in some Institutes of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Subject of research: belt drive with a VGR, laboratory device, a section of cleaning raw cotton from small litter 1XK. (УХК).
Purposes of the work: To create a new efficient construction of a belt transmission with VGR; the development of methods for kinematic and dynamic analysis, the definition of ratio between parameters and the rational justification for their values. Methods of research: In the thesis work used theoretical and experimental methods. Theoretical studies were done based on methods of the theory of mechanisms and machines, theoretical mechanics, higher mathematics, dynamics of machine aggregates, theories of belt drives, etc. In experimental studies used methods of strain measurement, tcchnogcncrator, magnctoclcctric sensor and experimental dynamics of technological machines. The experimental results arc processed by methods of mathematical statistics with extensive use of computer technologies.
The results obtained and their novelty: A new of a belt transmission with VGR designed and recommended a new analytical method for kinematic analysis. Based on theoretical and experimental studies identified patterns of mass movement of machine assembly, loading of the driven unit. Developed a new belt drive with the VGR and recommended for use in machines 1XK. (УХК) cotton cleaner from a small litter.
Practical value: This study can be used in cotton factories and in the educational process in teaching the course "Theory of Mechanisms and Machines" and the inclusion in the curriculum of the MS.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The annual economic effect from using a belt drive with the VGR in the cotton factory «Pop paxta tolasi» is 41959.19 thousand sum.
Field of application: Engineering, cotton factories.

This article talks about one of the problems of ensuring the architecture-landscape structure of the southern urban centers of Uzbekistan, further greening and improvement of the ecological environment. It is known that the climate of the southern cities is strongly continental, so it is possible to observe both the harshness of winter and the heat of summer in this area. For this reason, information was provided on the feasibility of building on the basis of innovative projects in the organization of architectural landscape and the relevance of showing the ways of effective landscape organization in the regions by combining urban architecture, landscape architecture and design.

This article analyzes the issues of landscape architecture improvement in the Republic of Uzbekistan, especially in the roadside areas connecting the tourist routes of the Namangan region.

Subjects of research: financial - economic activities of polygraphic enterprises of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: to work out scientific suggestions and practical recommendations on improving the organization of intraproductive accounting and analysis of the activities of polygraphic enterprises.
Methods of research: Surveying, comparative analysis, summarizing, classification, systemic approach, statistical analysis.
The obtained results and their novelty: the analysis of current state and development of polygraphic enterprises and its influence on organization of intraproductive accounting undertaken; scientific recommendations on implementing intraproductive accounting policy for polygraphic enterprises elaborated; the method of calculating the variable and fixed costs to reflect the changes in the edition of publications for polygraphic enterprises suggested; scientific recommendations on budgeting the activities of intraproductive subdivisions of polygraphic enterprises elaborated; the suggested method of intraproductive transfer pricing for polygraphic enterprises proved.
Practical value: the scientific conclusions and practical recommendations of the dissertation on improving intraproductive accounting and analysis can be implemented in the activities of polygraphic enterprises.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: Practical findings and suggestions of the dissertation were accepted for embedding by the publishing-polygraphic house “UZBEK.ISTON” (act of implementation №01/12-259 dated 12.02.2010). Main ideas and concepts of the dissertation are used in the process of teaching courses on “Management accounting”, “Financial and managerial analysis” and “Calculation of production costs” in the Tashkent institute of textile and light industry (act of implementation №382-08p dated 14.10.2009).
Field of application: polygraphic enterprises, higher education institutions.

Maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida ishga mahkamachilik asosida yondoshishning salbiy oqibatlari tahlil qilinib, o‘qish va o‘rganishda talabalar faolligini oshirishning ayrim qirralari yoritib berilgan.

Bu maqolada didaktik oʻyinlar haqida maʼlumot va boshlang‘ich sinf darslarini samarali tashkil etish usullari, afzalliklari yoritilgan. Matematika, ona tili va oʻqish savodxonligi fanlarida qo‘llash mumkin bo‘lgan didaktik o‘yinlardan namunalar keltirilib, ularning ta’riflari va qo‘llash usullari bayon qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada odamlarni psixik va fiziologik muhitiga bevosita daxl qilayotgan xavotir hissi va buning oqibatida asab buzilishi, kuchli nevrozlarni yuzaga kelishi va omillari, menopauza va gormonal yetishmovchilikka duchor bo'lgan ayollarning psixik holati va buning natijasida insonlarning kundalik hayotda ishlash qobiliyatiga salbiy ta’sir etishi, uni oldini olish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Ushbu maqolada talabalarda tanqidiy fiklashni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiya LAT – loyihaga asoslangan ta’lim, uning afzalliklari va qiyinchiliklari haqida umumiy ma’lumot berilgan bo‘lib, loyihaga asoslangan ta’lim texnologiyasi orqali kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni takomillashtirish usullari keng yoritilgan.

In recent years, as a priority in the development of the pharmaceutical industry in our country, special attention is paid to herbal
medicines. In this regard, a number of government decisions have been made on the rational use of natural resources, the establishment of plantations on farms and forests for the cultivation of medicinal plants, and the processing of raw materials. In particular, the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 10, 2020 "On measures for the protection, cultivation, processing and rational use of available resources of wild medicinal plants" PP-4670- Resolution No. has had a
significant impact on the development of this sector as a new legal framework. In order to create a favorable environment for further
development of cultivation and processing of medicinal plants, increase the export potential of the industry, as well as the integration of educational, scientific and production processes, the list of regions specializing in the cultivation of medicinal plants is attached. confirmed. In the 37th place in the list from the seeds of Samarkand booze (Helichrysum maracandicum M.Pop.) Jizzakh as a conditionally irrigated (mesophyte) plant, suitable forlight soils, foothills and plains. , Cultivation in all irrigated areas of
Samarkand region (1). However, so far the scientific research on the cultivation of Samarkand sagebrush has not yielded positive results, and the solution of this problem is the purpose of our scientific research

Using technology in language teaching process is not new. Actually, technology has been in language teaching process for decades – anyone can argue for centuries, if we can consider the blackboard as a technology. Type recorders, language laboratories and video have been in use since the 1960s and 1970s, and are still used in classrooms around the world.

Ushbu ishida ? 2 (?) Hilbert fazosida aniqlangan ikki o’lchamli qo’zg’alanishli, chiziqli, chegaralangan va o’z o’ziga qo’shma ? ?? operator qaralgan. Ishda ? ?? operatorning muhim spektrdan chapda va o’ngda faqat bitta yoki ikkita xos qiymatga ega ekanligi operatorning paremetrlariga bog’liq ravishda o’rganilgan.

Bizga ma’lumki, biz ko‘rib chiqqan sud tibbiyotiga oid barcha mahalliy va xorijiy adabiyotlarda inson so‘lagi tarkibi, uning tarkibidagi (oqsil va fermentlar jinoiy ishlarni ochishdagi voqea joyida qoldirgan va dalil sifatidagi sudga oid tasdiqlavchi asosiy ko‘rsatma ekanligi, shu jihatidan so‘lak va uning dog‘larini, tarkibiy qismlarini o‘rganish sud tibbiyotida, inson hayotiga suiqasd qilish, nomusga tajovus qilish va boshqa bir qancha jinoyatlarda shaxsni aniq identifikatsiyalash zarurligini taqoza etadi. Inson aralash so‘lagining solishtirma og`irligi 1002-1007 ga teng bo‘lib, u yopishqoq suyuqlikdir. Uning tarkibida hujayra elementlari bo‘lganligi tufayli, u xira-oqish ko‘rinishga ega. Aralash so‘lak oqsillari hazm qiluvchi, himoyalovchi, ajratuvchi, bufer va boshqa bir qator vazifalarni bajaradi. Aralash so`lakda 100 dan ortiq fermentlar mavjud. Bu fermentlardan- amilazaga sud tibbiyotida alohida ahamiyat beriladi

Maqolada kontakt elementi uyurmali oqim xosil qiluvchi ho‘l usulda chang ushlovchi va gaz tozalovchi qurilmaning gidrodinamik qarshiliklari aniqlash rejimlari tavsiya etilgan.

Satoshi Nakamoto mentioned the Bitcoin as a combinational integration of e-signatures. which can also be called “blockchain". The blockchain creates a chance for bitcoin transfer among users without a need for third parties (financial institutions). The illustration of the blockchain usage can be exemplified with the Bitcoin in Figure 1. The reason behind why the e-currencies are called "ciyptocurrencies” is that blockchains such as Bitcoin utilizes cryptography to regulate the transactions. Balance of the Bitcoin users are secured with a private key. The legal permission for transactions is given by a group of users known as “miners", they benefit from sharing database and distributing processing and receiving additional bitcoins in exchange.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a versatile tool that allows people to rethink how we integrate information, analyze data and use the knowledge gained to improve decision-making - and it is already changing all areas of life. In this article, the authors discuss the use of AI in various sectors, solve the problems of its development, and offer recommendations for the most effective use of AI while preserving important human values.

Subjects of the inquiry: Disscrtational work is directed on the decision of a problem of creation of theoretical bases of complex processing of tomatoes. The basic attention is given to a problem (task) - to modeling and optimization bioprocesses and hot processes of food technology.
Aim of the inquiry: Development of scientific bases of an intensification of processes of reception tomato product’s, by mathematical modeling and optimization of processes and creation of highly effective technology and the equipment.
Method of inquiry: Mathematical modeling. Reception of the mathematical description of object of research, algorithmization and the software, computer research, experimental check of adequacy of the mathematical description to real process, optimization of process.
The results achieved and their novelty: The received results and their novelty of work consists in the following:
- theoretical bases of intensification HMR of processes of processing agrccultural products on an example tomato products, including the structural -system analysis of processes at various levels of hierarchy and use of methods of mathematical modeling arc developed;
- the theoretical results promoting development of a science about processes and devices of food technology, suitable arc received at research of similar processes of food technology;
- the experimental, methodically proved installations for reception of analytical and experimental mathematical descriptions of researched processes and establishments of their adequacy to real processes arc developed and prepared;
- ways of sterilization of container and finished goods arc offered by IR-processing of tomatoes of the whole in exchange hoting mixed weights in tubular devices, system centrifugation-evaporation (S-E) for conscntratcd, drying of seeds in warmed with IR-bcams pnevmomashin;
- mathematical models of the top levels of hierarchy for system conscntratcd under circuit S-E, reflecting quantitative and qualitative essence of division in a field of centrifugal forces and evaporation fugate arc offered;
- the optimum mode of IR-processing of tomatoes for their clearing of a thin skin is experimentally found, processes centrifugation a tomato pulp and evaporation fugate arc investigated depending on entrance parameters, such as initial concentration dry water-soluble (S), not soluble (NS) components, their parity ratio, value of vacuum in the device, the set concentration of tomato - paste, etc.; the structure of temperature on time for the set temperature of sterilization in periodic autoclaves is received; influence of temperature of the working agent, an initial moisture, a parity ratio of charges of tomato seeds and air, density of a thermal stream, on course of process of drying of tomato seeds is investigated. By reception of statistical mathematical model optimum values of the factors influencing process of drying of tomato seeds arc determined;
- it is received nomogram for conscntratcd food solutions in technological system S-E, the technique of two-level optimization of process of drying of a loose material is developed.
Practical value: the practical importance of results of research of disscrtational work consists in the following:
- the software of the received analytic and experimental models it is suitable for research similar HMR processes;
- optimum parameters arc revealed at processing tomatoes in an offered (a suggested) line;
- installation for pneumo drying seeds is included in a technological line of processing of tomatoes, short-term electro physical influence is used, the choice of rational regime parameters of process is proved;
- the design procedure of hydromcchanical process - divisions of a pulp in a field of centrifugal forces, evaporation fugate in the two-case device, HMR processes of drying of tomato seeds is developed, arc investigated modes of exploitation of effective installations;
- algorithms and programs of calculation hydromcchanical and HMR processes are developed.
Degree of embed and economical effectivity: the developed circuit of installation tritment a tomato pulp, drying of tomato seeds, use of the activated water at sterilization of container and the equipment arc introduced and have passed industrial tests in shop of processing agrccultural products collective farm "Tashkent" (the Tashkent area). The centrifugal-evaporation technological scheme for production the concentrated tomato juice realized on the Gazalkent’s canned plant. The technological scheme of drying tomato seed, and for example, seed’s fruit’s of apple, pomegranate and the groundotypc product’s realized on the production line of the Uzbek-Turkey trading-production firm “El Koi”.
Economic benefit collects for the account:
-decrease in losses and increases in concentration of an end-product;
-reduction of expenses of energy by unit of finished goods;
- increases of food value of finished goods as a result of decrease in influence of high temperature, preservation of biologically valuable components: vitamins, microcells, etc.;
- transformations into industrial raw material of tomato seeds;
- simplifications of a design of the equipment and controllability of a line.
Sphere of usage: the canning industry.

The problems and their causes in the process of construction and use of residential buildings in the saline soils of the region are studied. Uneven subsidence of buildings and structures during their operation and erosion of the foundation material due to corrosion are indicated. Design and protection suggestions are provided.

This article discusses the development of the geometric interpretation of composition in urban planning conditionally: - point, center, absence of a circular direction of development, (static composition); - line, row-develop in two opposite directions (dynamic composition);-four corners, grid - develop in several mutually transverse directions.

This article discusses issues related to the grounds of representation and the procedure for the participation of a representative in the case. The general provisions of civil procedural representation are analyzed. The author analyzes the practical experience of foreign countries in improving representative activities in civil procedural legislation. In the study, the author made suggestions and recommendations for improving the participation of a representative in national legislation.

Ushbu tezisda gen muhandisligida qoʻllaniladigan bir qancha fermentlar haqida qisqacha ma’lumotlar berib oʻtilgan.

Gen muhandisligi va genetika so’zlari bir-biriga sinonim sifatida ko’p ishlatiladi.Ushbu tezisda gen muhandisligida qo’llaniladigan fermentlar va ularning turlari, ahamiuati, qo’llanilishi haqida ma’lumot keltirilgan.