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EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PROVERBS IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE AND
METHODS OF EXPLAINING THEIR MEANING
N.O. Khudoyberdiyeva
BuxDPI teacher, Uzbekistan
V.L.Ibotova
BuxDPI 3rd year student, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Proverbs, wise words, 4th grade
reading literacy book, parables, folk wisdom,
word, phrase, hadith.
Received:
02.11.2024
Accepted
: 07.11.2024
Published
: 12.11.2024
Abstract:
In this article, the educational
significance of proverbs in children's literature is
explained to the students in different ways, and the
ways of comparison with other genres are
mentioned.
INTRODUCTION
Proverbs are short, often poetic words of wisdom, expressions with deep meaning,
born out of life experiences and expressing the wisdom of the people. These figurative expressions,
which are a vivid expression of folk wisdom, have been polished by the people for centuries as an artistic
form of human reaction to society and natural phenomena. Proverbs are distinguished by their clarity
and artistic simplicity. Accordingly, a proverb is one of the most important language tools that ensure
the effectiveness and meaningfulness of our speech. Therefore, enriching students' speech with
proverbs is one of the important tasks of school mother tongue and literature education. The method of
learning proverbs is developed in more detail in the subject of mother tongue teaching methodology in
elementary grades. However, the methods of introducing proverbs into the active speech of students
and teaching students to use proverbs in their speech have not yet been developed.
Proverbs, like every phenomenon in existence and in the system, are diverse, they sometimes approach
different units in the system, sometimes move away from them, sometimes move away from them,
forming a separateness. That's why they are distinguished in our language and in our background as a
unique phenomenon, they get the special name of a proverb. The true nature of proverbs can be revealed
and read in their relations (connections, contradictions, similarities, differences, etc.) with the
phenomena they are associated with.
Proverbs express thoughts about things and events and can express the content of an entire work. For
example, in the story "Thief" by A. Qahhor, the proverb "The death of a horse is a holiday of a dog"
echoes from the beginning to the end of the work.
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijp-04-11-29
Pages:154-157
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A phrase, like words, means the concept of things and events. This alternative between words and
phrases is clearly visible when they are used interchangeably, and the synonymy of words and phrases is
created. Because the difference between the meanings that occurs during such substitution is like the
change that occurs when using synonyms instead of one another.
Proverbs such as "Trust your friend, your skin is covered with straw", "The crow does not peck at the
crow's eye", "Except for the girl who came out", "Strengthen the rope" is a diachronic point of view.
constitutes a spiritual duality. Because with the passage of time, the events underlying the proverbs
disappear and are forgotten, or some of the words in the proverbs fall out of use and become archaic.
As a result, the real meaning of the words in the proverb is not clear to the reader. For example, let's take
the proverb: "Trust your friend, straw is your skin." "In ancient times, the executioners of the kings used
to torture and kill guilty people with extreme torture methods called ``Chor nailing'' and ``Skin pulling.''
In this case, they would lay the guilty person face down on a specially made board and cut off both hands
and legs. Even then, if he does not confess his guilt, they take out his whole skin, stuff it with straw, and
hang it on the top of the city gate to serve as an example to others.
This is hinted at in the proverb: "Don't think of everyone as your true friend and tell your secrets." It was
said that "your enemy, who is disguised as a friend, may "sell" you and destroy your morals after learning
your secret.
The proverbs that our scholars refer to as proverbs that are used both literally and figuratively are
proverbs that form a synchronic duality of meaning, and unlike expressions, such proverbs are both
literally and figuratively. It is also true in the sense of 'chma. For example, mix the following: To reach the
blue head, not to rise to the ankles when the world is flooded, to reach the mouth to the ears, and to
come from the sky with the feet.
You can't do without rice,
A single hand does not make a sound,
Click on the frog and it will say "time"
Two swords cannot fit in one scabbard.
From this it can be concluded that some proverbs were once used in their own sense and gradually
became proverbs as a result of idiomization of the meaning, gained generality, became philosophical and
became a conclusion of thought. Example: "A crow does not peck a crow's eye." This proverb, spread
among many peoples of the world, is one of the oldest proverbs created by mankind.
It was mentioned by the Latin writer and linguist F. Makrobi in his "Grammatika" as early as the 5th
century AD. The correct meaning of the proverb is that "when crows see a corpse of a person or an animal
left in the open ground, they first peck out its eyes and then start eating its flesh." But a living raven and
a raven do not peck at a dead raven and a raven."
In order for the student to be able to use proverbs in his speech, he must first memorize many proverbs
and understand their meaning. For this purpose, in mother tongue and reading classes, the teacher
should explain the meaning of more folk proverbs, teach to replace a certain folk proverb with another
form of it.
There are the following ways to explain the meaning of proverbs to 4th grade students:
1. Explain the direct meaning of the proverb. In this, the teacher explains the meaning of proverbs to the
students using various sources that explain the meaning of proverbs. For example, you can use the
explanatory dictionary of Uzbek proverbs called "Hikmatnama" by Sh. Shomaqsudov and Sh.
Shorahmedov. Proverbs are given as a separate topic in the 4th grade reading book. The first proverb
"Your motherland is a golden cradle" is explained in the book "Hikmatnama" as follows. The endless love,
respect, and loyalty of the Uzbek people to their Motherland is reflected in our proverbs. In them, the
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Motherland is glorified, it is shown that everyone can breathe freely in their country, live in honor, and
the need to love and be loyal to the Motherland is emphasized. After that, a series of proverbs about
love for the Motherland are given, and it is said: "In such a series of proverbs, it is necessary to maintain
the peace of the Motherland, to ensure its integrity, freedom and independence, not to trample the
motherland under the feet of the enemy, to prevent its destruction. It is said that it is a supreme duty not
to let go.
The following saying "If your motherland is safe, your complexion will not be straw" is similar to the
above saying, but it emphasizes that the peace of a person, the health of the people and the peace of
the Motherland depend on it. it is given. These proverbs correspond to the content of the poems and
stories in the section "Uzbekistan - My Motherland" in the 4th grade reading book. For example, the
poem "Courage and the Light of Mind" in this section contains the following lines:
Knowledge alone
It lights up, brother.
A bright mind is the Motherland
Heads forward are inevitable.
Through these verses, the reader understands the need to acquire knowledge for the development of
the Motherland.
After this proverb, the textbook mentions the proverb "Erinchoklik borga borga borga". The meaning of
this proverb is clear to the reader. In order to deepen the meaning of the proverb, the teacher asks the
students which poem in the textbook corresponds to the proverb. Pupils remember the poem "Laqma
it" from the textbook. In this poem, there is talk about a carefree dog that idles and barks in the summer
and frolics in the winter. This is what a dog does every summer:
Snoring on the cool ground
He rests while lying down.
In all cases, the puppy is void:
"I don't need a house," he says.
One thing will happen in winter, he says,
Early grief eats donkeys...
The poem concludes with these lines:
If you don't eat summer, winter is sad.
Woe to you, be safe.
Next proverb: If you have a craft, you will find bread on your way. This proverb is mentioned in the
explanation of the proverb "Hunar, hunar dan rizqin unar" in Hikmatnama. In the explanation of this
proverb, the following words taken from Sa'di's work "Gulistan" are given. "A wise man used to advise
his children like this: My dear sons, learn a trade, because there is no trust in the wealth of the world, and
gold and silver are dangerous in the journey. the robber steals or the owner finishes eating and drinking.
But the craft is such a source, an inexhaustible state, if the craftsman is deprived of his property, he will
not be sad, because the craft itself is a state. Wherever the craftsman is, he is appreciated and has a place
in the house. An unskilled person always suffers and begs."
Proverbs are short, concise folk sayings that express a grammatically complete idea, have a sharp
meaning, and are used figuratively.
Matals are short, concise folk wisdoms that express a grammatically complete idea and are used only in
their meaning - in the correct sense.
The main difference between a proverb and a proverb is that proverbs have an idiomatic figurative
meaning, and proverbs do not have this feature, but are used only in the correct sense.
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It is more complicated to explain the meaning of such metaphorical proverbs, which requires figurative
thinking from the reader. In order to understand the meaning of such proverbs, it is necessary to transfer
the image and characteristics expressed in the proverb to people.
For example, we can take the proverb "A melon gets its color from a melon." The teacher first explains
the meaning of this proverb. Melons grown in the same place, in the same pot, have the same color. For
example, if one of them is yellow, the others will also be yellow. Then the teacher goes on to explain the
figurative meaning of the proverb:
- Pupils, now let's put people instead of melons. What can people who sit with each other get from each
other?
Pupils: - They can pick up each other's good or bad qualities.
- That's right, Sabir and Abdullah are friends. A patient-lazy boy who does not like to study. If Abdullah is
not an independent-minded, strong-willed child, what will happen if he falls under Sabir's care?
- Abdullah also becomes a lazy child who does not like to study.
- It's not true, you should be careful when choosing friends. A lazy friend infects you with his laziness,
and a lying friend with his lies. That is, the melon gets its color from the melon.
Explaining proverbs to students in this way is of great educational value. Comparing proverbs with
hadiths and analyzing them side by side with parables is effective in revealing their meaning. Children
use proverbs to solve problems in life and, in a sense, to prevent the origin of these problems. Proverbs
understood in a positive sense serve as an important factor in the upbringing of a child. Also, he looks at
the surroundings with a special look, the proverbs learned from his youth remain a school of education
for the child until he reaches adulthood and beyond.
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