EIJP ISSN: 2751-000X
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DEVELOPMENT OF SPEAKING COMPETENCES OF PRIMARY CLASS STUDENTS BASED ON
PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES
D. F. Nuritdinova
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Teacher of the primary education department, Uzbekistan
AB O U T ART I CL E
Key words:
Speech, oral and written literacy,
speaking skills, speaking competence, exercise,
task, work on the text.
Received:
02.11.2024
Accepted
: 07.11.2024
Published
: 12.11.2024
Abstract:
In this article, the scientific-theoretical
justification of the development of the structural
components of students' speech competence in the
teaching of the mother tongue, the development of
oral and written speech, the independent
expression of one's opinion, the development of a
creative approach to text creation, and the
acquisition of speech culture. The scientific views
of linguists and Methodist scientists were
analyzed.
INTRODUCTION
Speech in improving the quality and effectiveness of mother tongue lessons the
specific role of competencies is considered important. Exercises on the topic independent performance
of the task, from the sentences and content of the texts in the exercise the original idea that can be
understood from the text by making a correct conclusion, listening and understanding retelling the
content and retelling based on the standards of literary language and writing, it is necessary to freely
express one's speech in oral and written form.
After all, "In order for our young people to become independent thinkers, have high intellectual and
spiritual potential, become people who are equal to their peers on a global scale in any field, and become
happy, our state and society must use all the strength and "We will mobilize our capabilities" to teach
the subjects of the mother tongue to the method of teaching the subjects of the educational process,
who can compete with the youth of the world by listening to various information. who understands,
expresses his/her opinion in a meaningful way, conveys it clearly and succinctly, has the ability to read
carefully and follows the orthographic rules in the process of writing, draws the necessary conclusion
after reading various information and information, sets the urgent and important task of educating
strong competitive knowledge holders who have their own position.
Also, in the manual "Methodology of Uzbek language teaching" by B.Tokhliyev, M.Shamsiyeva,
T.Ziyodova: "Acquiring the art of speech in mother tongue training and its effective use is knowledge,
VOLUME04 ISSUE11
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijp-04-11-16
Pages:71-74
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skills and educates skills. Speech culture is formed in this process. Speech culture from daily simple
greetings to young people to whom?, why?, when?, where?, how? teaches the secrets of communication
up to speaking; it is also of great importance in understanding the laws of oriental manners and the art
of beautiful recitation.
In order to develop students' speech, it is necessary to observe several conditions:
1. There must be a requirement for a person's speech to emerge. The methodical requirement of
developing students' speech is to create a situation where the student expresses his opinion, the desire
and need to express something verbally or in writing.
2. Any speech should have content and material. The more complete, rich, and valuable this material is,
the more meaningful its description will be.
3. An idea is understandable only if it is expressed using words, phrases, sentences, and speech
expressions that the listener understands. Therefore, the third condition for successful development of
speech is arming speech with language tools. Speech is an important tool in developing students'
thinking.
Based on the national curriculum, subjects are taught not linearly, but spirally. That is, the topics were
not repeated, but were introduced in a way that logically continued each other and was directed from
simple to complex. This prevents repetitions at the textbook stage, helps the child acquire new
knowledge and skills.
In the "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" knowledge, skills, qualifications and qualifications are
explained as follows:
Knowledge is the information people have about nature and social phenomena; the reflection of reality
in human thinking.
A skill is a person's ability to perform a specific activity or action based on previous experiences.
Qualification - (in psychology) skill acquired as a result of mastering a certain profession, job; (in
jurisprudence) a degree indicating the degree to which a profession is qualified to perform a job.
Competence is the student's ability to understand the acquired knowledge, understand it and use it. It
is necessary to teach elementary school students to understand and apply the acquired knowledge in
their daily activities, taking into account the above points, not limited to the level of educational
attainment. It is also necessary to provide knowledge based on competency-based approaches in
teaching elementary school students, use innovative technologies (electronic educational tools) in
teaching, and form and develop their competencies.
If we turn to the history of speech culture, we can see many written instructions of our ancestors about
speaking correctly and fluently. In particular, thinkers such as Farobi, Zamakhshari, Beruni, Ibn Sina,
Yusuf Khos Hajib, Kaikovus, Alisher Navoi, have noted speech as one of the signs of spiritual perfection
in their works. For example, Farobi says the foll
owing about the power of speech: ―...the power of
speech (speech) is such a power that a person can acquire knowledge and skills with the help of it, he
can distinguish between ugly and beautiful actions in his behavior and needs to be done -does things
that are not good, and at the same time understands what is harmful and what is useful, what is tasty
and what is bitter. M. Koshgari's "Devon-u Lughatit" Turkish work contains the proverb "The head of
manners is the language". This shows that our great ancestors emphasized the importance of language
in the formation and development of human spirituality. Yusuf Khos Hajib says that learning,
understanding and knowledge are manifested in a person through language and words, and calls for
fluency in speech: "Language is the interpreter and translator of learning and knowledge."
Enlightenment, goodness and goodness come to a person because of the language, it is necessary to
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know this well. A person finds fame and reputation through language. Never talk too much. In very few
words. Write down the word cloud in one word, that is, divide it into small words to get more meaning.
Kaikovus recognizes the culture of speaking in his "Nightmare" as follows: "... when you speak in front
of the people, let your words be beautiful, let the people accept these words." Let the people know that
you have reached a high level with your words, because they know a person's career through words,
everyone's condition is hidden under his words.
In native language classes, not only copying the text or finding noun, verb, adjective phrases, but also
positive analysis of what is being thought about in the text, what is emphasized, and how the word
combinations are related in the text. Theoretical knowledge, such as language, which parts of the
sentence are involved and how to connect to each other, should be carried out side by side. A greater
emphasis on creativity in mother tongue classes, where stories through images can be used to guide the
student to think logically.
No matter how much the material base, standard curricula, programs and textbooks are improved in
education, achieving the expected main result, providing deep and thorough knowledge, and achieving
high-quality mastery is the creativity of the teacher who conducts the theoretical and practical training.
, will depend on his curiosity, qualifications, and pedagogical skills, and will require him to be a student
in the educational center.
The main goal of all reforms in the field of education is to raise morally well-developed people, improve
the education system, implement the teaching processes based on new pedagogical and information
technologies in accordance with the needs of the times. That is why special attention is paid to the
effective use of computer and information technologies in the educational system. This is to increase
the level of knowledge and skills in this field, to provide technical support for the educational system,
and to create full opportunities to use the Internet in order for pedagogues to use modern tools of
information technology in the process of education. an effective result can be achieved only by giving.
One of the main ways to increase the quality and efficiency of the educational system is to use innovative
technologies in the educational process, including multimedia educational courses, to ensure
interactive communication between the teacher and the student, to develop multimedia educational
courses and textbooks. will consist of attracting highly qualified personnel. The guaranteed result of
education determines the efficiency and achievement of the goal. It can be seen that the closer the result
is to the goal, the more effective the educational process is, and this is one of the important aspects of
the implementation of modern technical tools and advanced technologies, and the goal of the
educational process, the tool ensures that the teacher achieves a guaranteed result by studying and
recording the result in advance.
"Find the rule", "Builders", "Who is clever, who is fast", "Wrong sentence", "Clap your hands", "Story",
"Puzzle", "Analysis of concepts", From didactic games and educational exercises such as "word in z",
"Funny alphabet", "Picture dictation", "Puzzle", "Yes or no", "Dictionary work", "Fish skeleton" if it is
widely used, the efficiency in classes will increase and it will be easier to achieve the intended result.
Let's talk about the game "Builders" in the mother tongue classes of the primary class. Students are
divided into groups and each group is given "bricks" to build "Modern Houses". Names of word groups
are written on the "Tom" blocks. Pupils have to find the words of the word groups from the bricks given
in mixed order and build the corresponding houses. Of course, knowledge, speed and cooperation are
very important in this game. The most important thing is that students' passion for that subject, school
and study will increase even more.
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"Picture dictation" game. In this case, the students are given pictures based on a certain topic in a mixed
manner, and the task required of the students is to make a meaningful dictation based on the pictures,
following the sequence. Through this game, the ground is created for students to develop independent
thinking, conscious thinking and, most importantly, their speech.
"Happy alphabet" game. In this case, the students say words according to the order of the letters given
in the alphabet. The purpose of the game is to keep the Alphabet in the memory of the students. For
example, bear-child-tutor-door-elephant-coat-of-arms-humo-two-giraffe ... and so on.
So, students' speech culture and speech in mother tongue classes the goal is to pay attention to the
development of competencies during each lesson is appropriate.
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