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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
45-49
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
11 December 2024
ACCEPTED
13 January 2025
PUBLISHED
15 February 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue02 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Theoretical and
Methodological Basis of
Implementing the
Principles of Academic and
Financial Autonomy to The
Management of Higher
Education Institutions
Azamov Jasurbek Murodovich
Kokokn State Pedagogical Institute, Independent researcher, Doctor of
Philosophy in Jurisprudence (PhD), Uzbekistan
Abstract:
In the article, the need to adapt education to
the processes of globalization, introduce innovative
approaches to introduce innovative standards, reform
the management system, introduce new principles into
it, and today academic and financial autonomy are being
formed as components of institutional autonomy as
new principles for higher education management, and
every country that aims to reform its effective aspects,
the higher education system, issues of introducing these
principles to its higher education management are
covered.
Keywords:
Intellect, academic capitalism, "hub",
conceptual,
methodological
and
organizational-
pedagogical, "base of science", "general cultural
institution".
Introduction:
In the world, many reforms, innovative
projects and approaches aimed at increasing the quality
of higher education and the effectiveness of personnel
training are being implemented, and through this, it is
aimed to adapt HEIs to new socio-economic and political
changes. Various countries and academic circles,
striving to take the leading positions in the ranking of
the world's most potential higher education institutions,
are trying to develop new ideas about the purpose and
place of education in the modern world. Today, world-
class HEIs are not only providers of quality education,
intellectual and cultural development, but they have
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European International Journal of Pedagogics
become a source of pride and pride, as countries begin
to compare the status of their educational institutions
with others, and connect their own development with
this factor. For this reason, developing countries have
begun to prepare and direct HEIs to occupy high places
in international rankings. However, it is becoming clear
that such a result cannot be achieved without the
introduction of the advanced management method -
the principles of autonomy in higher education.
Therefore, it is important to study the tasks of
introducing
academic
freedom
and
financial
independence to the management of higher education
from the point of view of educational management.
In advanced scientific research centers and institutes
of Du, a lot of research is being conducted on
modernizing the management of higher education
institutions, changing the management structure and
tasks, creating sources of financing, searching for
innovative teaching methods, and improving the
effectiveness of knowledge control mechanisms. In the
practice of developed countries, creating a healthy
competitive environment by introducing the principles
of "academic capitalism" into higher education is one
of the important steps in this regard. Also, the
introduction of the principles of autonomy to HEIs in
the conditions of the market economy is the basis for
their adaptation to the current socio-economic and
political reality and their development. For this, one of
the important tasks is to introduce the principles of
autonomy to the management of higher education and
ensure its compliance with the requirements of
society's development, align personnel training with
the need for highly qualified specialists in the labor
market, operate on the basis of financial
independence, and improve scientific research to
create conditions for academic freedom.
In-depth study of advanced foreign management
experiences
is
important
in
increasing
the
competitiveness of higher education in our country.
Fundamental improvement of the higher education
system in the Action Strategy for the further
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-
2021" [1:70], the Decision of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan on July 11, 2019 "On measures
to introduce new management principles into the
system of higher and secondary special education" [ 2]
and in the concept of developing the higher education
system until 2030, based on international experiences,
introducing advanced standards of higher education,
ensuring academic independence, turning the higher
education system of Uzbekistan into a "hub"
implementing international education programs in
Central Asia, evaluating the effectiveness of higher
education
institutions
and
development
of
recommendations based on the study of foreign best
practices for improvement, reforms, legal frameworks
and many scientific studies on the systematic
development of HEIs and improvement of management
activities [3]. As a result of this, a systematic approach
to the problems of higher education, reforming the
management of higher education, giving it financial
independence and introducing academic freedom to
create a healthy competitive environment is an urgent
task. However, clear procedures and grounds for
introducing these changes to the management of higher
education have not been created. Therefore, scientific
research of the organizational-pedagogical aspects of
introducing the principles of autonomy to the
management of HEIs in the case of foreign developed
countries is a priority.
Decree No. PF-4947 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 "On the Action
Strategy for Five Priority Areas of Development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan", No. PQ-2909 dated April 20,
2017 "On Measures for the Further Development of the
Higher Education System", 2017 No. PQ-3151 dated July
27, 2018 "On measures to further expand the
participation of economic sectors and sectors in
improving the quality of training of highly educated
specialists", June 5, 2018 "Increasing the quality of
education in higher education institutions and their
active participation in comprehensive reforms
implemented in the country" Decisions No. PQ-3775 on
additional measures to provide, Decree No. PF-5763
dated July 11, 2019 "On measures to reform
management in the field of higher and secondary special
education", "On the system of higher and secondary
special education Decision No. PQ-4391 on measures to
introduce new management principles" and dated
October 8, 2019 The dissertation presented serves as a
specific source in the implementation of the tasks
defined in the Decree No. PF-5847 "On approval of the
concept of development of the higher education system
of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030" and other
normative legal documents related to the field.
The role of quality higher education in the social
development and economic stability of countries in the
world is increasing. Today, the world community places
high hopes on higher education and demands from
them the implementation of large-scale tasks that
contribute to the growth of the economy and the
formation of the knowledge society. In addition to
traditional education, research and innovation
activities, higher education institutions are called to
participate widely in the development of the country
and to ensure the continuous growth of their
intellectual and innovative potential.
METHODOLOGY
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European International Journal of Pedagogics
Ph. Altbach, K. A. Khoon, R. Shukor, O. Hassan, Z. Saleh,
A. Hamzah, R. Ismail, Alden, J, G. Lin, among foreign
scientists, introduced methods of introducing the
principles of autonomy into the process of organizing
and managing the activities of higher educational
institutions. , S.K. Katsikas, R. Stichweh, I. Ordorika, P.
G. Kielmansegg, Rh. Buchbinde, U. Felt, M. Glanz, M.
Henkel, R.L. Geiger, J.F. Volkwein, S.M. Malik, O.C.
McDaniel, P. Lingenfelter, G. A. Jones, Th. Shanahan, P.
Goyan, Th. Estermann, T. Nokkala, M. Steinel and
others.
The effectiveness of introducing the principles of
autonomy to higher education management, the
conceptual, methodological and organizational-
pedagogical aspects of the formation of financial
independence and academic freedom, the impact of
professional management on the organizational and
economic
development
of
higher
education
institutions, the manifestation of professionalism in
the activities of management personnel in higher
education institutions: rector, vice-rector, dean,
department heads and the need for improvement N.V.
Demidova, S.V. Sulima, S.A. scientists from the CIS
countries. Druzhilov, K.I. Morozova, S.D. Reznik, S.M.
Vasin, O.A. Sazykina, O. Bychkova, L. Verbitskaya, V.
Kasevich, M. V. Niyazova, V. E. Varavenko, Johan G.
Wissema, F. Altbach, P. Yu. Grishina, R. N. Abramov, E.
V. Galazhinsky, A. O. Grudzinsky, R. It was studied and
analyzed by Dim, V. Konnov, M. Repina and others, and
appropriate recommendations were given.
G.N. Akhunova, B.A. Begalov, A.Sh. Bekmurodov, S.S.
Gulyamov, Sh.N. Zaynutdinov, M.A. Ikramov are
among the scientists involved in modernization of
higher education management in Uzbekistan and
introduction of new principles. . It was studied by N.
Samadov, T. Sh. Shodiev, Sh. D. Ergashkhodjaeva, A. T.
Yusupov, Sh. Qurbanov.
RESULT
Despite the fact that many scientific studies have been
carried out on the theoretical and practical aspects of
the introduction of new management principles in
HEIs, they cannot be considered to adequately
illuminate
the
problem.
In
particular,
the
organizational-legal and administrative-pedagogical
aspects of the problem have not yet been studied
based on the characteristics of the new era of the
development of our society. Accordingly, there is a
need to solve a number of scientific, methodological
and practical problems related to these issues.
In the current climate of wide open access to higher
education, there is a risk of a decline in high quality
standards. Such conditions, in which the state
considers itself to be the protector of the public
interest, do not always correspond to the interests of
universities [5:78]. German scientist Hermann
Holmholtz, a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of
Sciences, in his 1968 acceptance speech as rector of the
University of Berlin, speaks about combining academic
freedom and university responsibilities. This theory
served as the basis for the formation of the principle of
academic autonomy in the Bologna process. Its essence
lies in the fact that the university is the center of the
educational system, because here education and
research are carried out together, thus becoming a
"base of science", a "universal cultural institution". The
form of higher education founded by Humboldt derives
its legitimacy from a culture that synthesizes education
and research, process and result, history and
consciousness, philology and criticism, historical
knowledge and aesthetic experience, institutionalism
and individuality[6:29-33]. Its university model is
expressed in the Universal Declaration on Higher
Education. According to the Recommendation on the
Status of Higher Education Institutions adopted by
UNESCO in 1997, higher educational institutions:
a) maintain and expand scientific and intellectual ethics
and demandingness, their main tasks in all their
activities;
b) having a unique intellectual reputation and having
the opportunity to express his opinion on cultural and
social problems related to ethics with full independence
and responsibility;
c) use his intellectual capabilities and moral and ethical
reputation to protect and actively popularize universally
recognized values, including peace, justice, freedom,
equality, and harmony;
g) use of full academic freedom and autonomy, which is
considered as a set of rights and obligations, while being
fully responsible and accountable to the society;
d) should play some role in identifying and helping to
solve problems affecting the well-being of countries and
the world community.
DISCUSSION
Currently, the separation of higher education
institutions from the state and financial independence
is a requirement of UN member countries.
A higher education institution must have its own
management charter and it must be adopted at a
general meeting of scientific and pedagogical staff,
members of the higher educational institution's
management board, and student representatives. In
modern Russian higher education institutions, the
scientific council is a div of representatives appointed
by election of the rector. It includes representatives of
the rector, vice-rectors and departments of HEIs, as well
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as students. The rector is elected at the general
meeting by secret ballot. His candidacy must be
approved by the executive authorities under the
jurisdiction of the higher educational institution. In
addition to being independent in management, they
have the right to independently determine various
financial issues: the fee paid for education, the fee paid
for additional educational services.
At the end of the last century, there were drastic
changes in the development of the autonomy of HEIs
of western countries. All the properties in their
possession were transferred to their management,
they were given wide rights and significant tax
benefits. The state has abandoned them from
ideological guardianship, many forms of management
that interfered with the processes of academic
development during the old regime. At the same time,
the state also "liberated" HEIs from many financial
resources. Although this has led to a decrease in the
quality of teaching in HEIs, it has led to an urgent
search for means and methods of "survival".
Currently in Russia there is a contradiction between
the autonomy of HEIs and their responsibility for
academic quality. As in any open social system, there
have always been contradictions in the relations
between the society, the state, and non-governmental
organizations. In many cases, the academic autonomy
given to HEIs by the government has led to "doing
whatever you want". A certain part of this conflict is
still being tried to be resolved by administrative
measures. Therefore, higher education institutions are
forced to act in the direction of social monitoring of
quality, relying on the international level of content, as
in Western Europe (where national agencies for quality
control and accreditation are actively being
established and developed). Russian universities still
need to conduct research on finding optimal options
for interaction with the state and society.
Today, knowledge does not belong only to scientists,
because it is financed and appropriated by powerful
economic institutions. Thus, the appeal to self-
governance in the field of science is one of the possible
expressions of this neoliberal political doctrine, the
effectiveness of which in the field of science can be
illustrated by too many examples from history. Hence,
the argument that the current regime leads to the
stagnation of science is called into question by the
need for external funding of science and public
oversight of the application of scientific research
results today.
Authors of studies on increasing the efficiency of
management in higher education and adapting it to the
market laws are worried about the reduction of the
space of academic autonomy in the future. Today,
universities face serious challenges: popularization of
education; commercialization and privatization of
science and education; globalization of the service
market in education can be included. Massification of
education first occurred as a result of the educational
revolution in the secondary education system, and later
it spread to the higher education system. The
educational revolution represents an unprecedented
expansion of the number of students at all levels of
education [7:78]. It led to an increase in the number of
students per university teacher and seriously hampered
interpersonal communication within the university.
CONCLUSION
In today's globalization, global changes are also
observed in education. There is an increasing need to
adapt education to the processes of globalization, to
introduce innovative approaches to it, to introduce
innovative standards, to reform the management
system, and to introduce new principles. Today,
academic and financial autonomy, as components of
institutional autonomy, are emerging as new principles
for higher education management and are showing
their effective aspects. Therefore, every country that
aims to reform the higher education system should
introduce these principles to its higher education
management, and autonomous higher education
institutions that compete for financial resources will be
more effective, and autonomy and competition will
further develop higher education institutions. If
autonomy is granted in a non-competitive environment,
the HEI will use its autonomous status for purposes
other than improving its overall performance. At the
same time, there is no point in encouraging competition
among HEIs if they do not have sufficient autonomy.
Thus, at the present time, the autonomy of HEIs is not
only
an
indicator
of
the
development
of
democratization of management in higher education,
but also an objective condition for increasing the
competitiveness of the higher education system.
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Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
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Decision PQ-4391 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan "On measures to introduce new
management principles into the system of higher and
secondary special education". July 11, 2019.
Decree No. PF-5847 of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated October 8, 2019 "On approval of the
concept of development of the higher education system
of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030" // National
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