European International Journal of Philological Sciences
60
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijps
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
60-62
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
29 January 2025
ACCEPTED
28 February 2025
PUBLISHED
31 March 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 03 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Occasionalisms In the
Literary Text
Ibragimov Khayrulla Hamdamovich
PhD, Associate Professor, Jizzakh Branch of the National University of
Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Abstract
: This article discusses the role of
occasionalisms in the literary text and the way in which
the creator expresses the meaning of words in his
works, the nature, mental state, lifestyle and spiritual
experiences of the heroes of the work through
occasionalisms.
Keywords:
Text, literary text, usual, occasional,
denotation,
semantics,
expressiveness,
proper
meaning, portable meaning, image.
Introduction:
Considering that each word has its own
place in a literary text, the use of words can be called a
separate art. However, not every artist can master this
art to its fullest. Only when the author clearly imagines
the word, its meaning, and the structure of this
meaning, can it rise to the level of art.
In the system of artistic images, occasionalisms are the
leading ones in expressing concepts and situations,
moods and experiences, the essence of events through
dense images. After all, this aspect underlies the
author's multifaceted world of feelings and experiences
of the lyrical hero, the emotionally rich philosophical
observation in the work, the clarity and colorfulness of
deep thoughts.
Additional semantic subtleties, content variations
associated with the use of words in a literary text are
realized through various methods and means of
depiction
. “However, it is worth noting that such
additional semantic subtleties in most cases exist, first
of all, as an opportunity in the construction of the
meaning of the word itself, they are already noted in the
structure of the construction of the meaning of the
word.”
As is known, terms such as imagery, figurativeness,
expressiveness have a wide meaning in terms of
application.
Some
of
them
(figurativeness,
figurativeness) are used both as literary and linguistic
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
terms. One of such phenomena is occasionalisms.
The figurative possibilities of the Uzbek language are
so diverse that it can vividly express any complex and
intricate mental state. The growth and change of
meanings of words in our language occurs in the form
of translation, expansion and narrowing of meaning.
The names of things-events, signs-properties, actions-
states in existence are also used as the names of other
things-events, signs-properties, actions-states on a
certain basis. In such cases, one word serves as the
name of several things-events, signs-properties,
actions-states.
Taking into account these considerations, we believe
that occasionalisms play an important role in the
development and analysis of works of art. The main
object in the creation of artistic occasionalisms is the
artistic text. A poet or writer seeks and searches for
words with the most subtle meaning to convey his
imaginary world to the reader. As a result, he uses
random words - occasionalisms.
Below we will consider what functions occasionalisms
perform in a literary text. Authors use occasionalisms
in their works for the following purposes:
1. To express existing words and concepts in our
language with other words that are not included in the
language and dictionary.
2. To create an opportunity for semantic comparison
of different denotations.
2. To prevent the repeated use of words.
3. To give a new meaning to a word and enhance its
meaning.
4. To give the reader aesthetic pleasure and ensure the
transparency of speech.
5. To increase the artistic value of the work.
Based on the purpose of the image, creators do not
limit themselves to the selective use of words, but, on
the contrary, change the meaning of words by
adapting them to the nature, mental state, lifestyle
and spiritual experiences of the characters of the work,
and thus the words already existing in the language are
polished with new subtleties of meaning. At the same
time, language units reworked by a poet or writer
continue to gain special importance due to their artistic
richness and impact.
In fiction, in order to fully express the artistic world
created by the creator, there is a need not only to use
the units available in the language, but also to create
other units that have artistic value. For example, the
word black is a color-tone adjective, which is also used
in a figurative sense. The poet Tora Sulaymon used this
adjective in the style of black, in an occasional sense,
to express the unevenness of life's path, the saltiness of
his forehead:
Our original path was rough,
It has remained rough.
The truth is that the path is white,
The path is black, as if it were black.
In another stanza of the same poem, the poet
avoids repetition and uses the adjective siya, a synonym
for the lexeme kara, to express the sadness of the heart:
Now we are completely separated,
The heart remains siyali.
The moon is eclipsed, the sun does not darken,
The world remains mundane...
In these verses, the words black and ink are
used figuratively, creating a synonym for the word
darkness. Tora Sulaymon uses the word darkness in the
meaning of black in another of his poems:
If the west is restless, the east is restless
Can a friend help a friend?
Where there is darkness, somewhere there is
light
Unless there is peace on earth ...
You think that it's spring all year round,
That the world is empty without spring.
That everyone has the same worries,
That everyone is as pure and innocent as you...
I'm in love with you, my child...
The words "pok" and "begubor" express the meanings
of "clean, pure, free from dirt, dirt, dust, etc." The poet
uses these synonyms in a figurative sense to refer to a
child who has no evil in his heart, who is pure, honest,
and sincere, increasing the impact. In another stanza of
the same poem, he also appropriately uses the word
"begard," which is a synonym for the words "pok" and
"begubor." Through this, the poet shows that the
language is rich in synonyms and that there are diverse
ways of expressing thoughts:
With you in the world, there is a mother's joy,
Happiness, longevity.
Don't be careless, your sister is a heartbreaker,
I miss you, my child...
The semantic series, which consists of lexical units
(lexemes) of the language, are always open. That is, the
semantic series can be supplemented, firstly, based on
the requirements of the era, speech situation, and social
demand. Secondly, the semantic series is connected
with the verbal units of speech, phraseological
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
expressions, types of independent lexemes and
sememes, artificial words, word combinations, and the
speech transfer meanings of words, expanding its
series with the means of speech semantics (contextual
synonymy).
The fifteenth of the month is dark,
My days are few, without shadows.
My liver is blood, my heart is blood,
Black blood in my mouth - a cup in front of me...
The word shadow in the poem here is an expression of
the inner mental state of a person in the throes of
anxiety, sorrow, and suffering. The poet added the
suffix -siz to this word, indicating that it does not have
a sign. By adding the word shadowless to the synonym
row of sorrowless, anxietyless, and sufferingless, he
expanded the meaning of the word. In these verses,
the words shadowless and clear form a series of
synonyms in an occasional sense. Because these words
are not synonyms outside of the speech situation.
However, due to the poet's resourcefulness, they form
a speech synonym nest in the sense of days without
pain and well-lived. Also, the synonymous words
jigarim and bagirim in the poetic fragment are also
useful in exaggerating the mental state of a person in
the throes of suffering.
In conclusion, it can be said that occasionalisms, in
addition to increasing the artistic and aesthetic value
of the work, serve as a means of determining the
writer's skill in using words, his ability to express
feelings and concepts, and as a means of expressing
the creator's skill in artistic use of the figurative
possibilities of the Uzbek language in a unique way,
and serve for the development of the national literary
language and the richness of speech.
The creator's skillful use of occasionalisms in their
place allows for a simple, understandable and clear
expression of thought. In the creative mind, words are
a systematic system, each element in this system has
its own clear and solid place. The poetic value of the
word, however, is expressed under the influence of
pragmatic factors, without going beyond its essence.
Poetic thinking and skill acquire harmonious activity to
ensure this expression.
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