European International Journal of Philological Sciences
36
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
36-38
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
21 January 2025
ACCEPTED
25 February 2025
PUBLISHED
23 March 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 03 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Predicative Category and
Verb Part of Speech
Shokirova Xavasxon Nurmamatovna
Doctor of Philological Sciences, Acting Professor at Namangan State
Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan
Abstract
: This article discusses the predicate category,
which, like grammatical categories, has its own valency
potential and is an independent grammatical category.
At the same time, it is stated that the predicate category
is a superparadigm formed by a combination of several
categories, such as affirmation-negation, mood-
modality, tense, person-number.
Keywords:
Predicate
category,
verb,
valency,
affirmation-negation, mood-modality, tense, person-
number, superparadigm, Turkic languages, functional-
syntactic category, grammatical forms, morphological
forms, comparative-historical linguistics.
Introduction:
The relationship between parts of speech
and sentence components has been one of the most
important issues in comparative-historical linguistics. In
this field, representatives of historical linguistics,
including the “Young Grammarians,” conducted
extensive research and proposed the idea that one of
the key factors in the emergence of parts of speech is
the specialization of certain semantic groups of words in
specific syntactic functions, which leads them to adopt
particular morphological forms. I.I. Meshchaninov
further developed these ideas in his research on the
relationship between sentence components and parts
of speech, as well as in his monograph dedicated to the
verb.
According to these scholars, the development of verb
morphological forms
—
particularly the formation and
evolution of the finite verb (verbum finitum) used as the
predicate
—
is closely linked to the fact that the finite
verb consistently functions as the predicate. Specifically,
Meshchaninov defines finite verb forms as follows: “A
verb is conjugated not because it is a verb, but only
when it functions as a predicate,” and he emphasizes
that conjugation is not a property of the verbal nature
itself, but rather a characteristic of predicativity.
Therefore, conjugation, mood, and tense are not
classificatory grammatical categories that define the
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
essence of the verb as a part of speech, but rather
functional-syntactic categories related to sentence
components. The tradition of associating affirmation-
negation, mood, tense, and person-number forms with
the verb part of speech, and analyzing them within the
verb system, is due, firstly, to the fact that the verb as
a part of speech frequently serves as a predicate and
has developed an extensive system of forms to fulfill
this function. The second reason lies in the fact that, in
Western European languages, the function of the
predicate is inseparable from the verb.
It is well known that in Western European languages, a
predicate cannot be formed without the participation
of a verb. For this reason, V.G. Admoni emphasizes the
absolute necessity of a verb in the predicate structure
as one of the general features of sentence construction
in Western European languages. The close connection
between the predicate and the verb in these languages
and the inseparability of the predicate from the verb
have led Western European linguistics to avoid
classifying predicativity as a separate functional
category, analyzing it instead within the framework of
the verb.
Since even nominal predicates in these languages are
formed with the help of auxiliary verbs, the principle of
the inseparability of predicativity from the verb in
Western European languages was transferred to the
interpretation of morphology and syntax in Turkic
languages as well. As a result, in Turkic linguistics,
predicativity has also been consistently described in
connection with the verb.
Many Turkologists, based on the idea that the suffix -
dir, one of the predicate formants, historically derives
from the verb turmok (to stand) in the form turur (-
durur), have evaluated the form Talaba tururman (“I
am a student”) as the original one, and forms like
Talabadirman and Talabaman as derivative. This led to
the proposition that nominal predicates in Turkic
languages were historically also verb-based. As a
result, in Turkic languages, the category of predicativity
has been closely associated with the verb part of
speech. However, the internal characteristics of Turkic
languages indicate that nominal predicates in these
languages are not inherently related to the verb (i.e.,
the verbal part of speech). This is because the elements
commonly referred to as auxiliary verbs, such as *-e*
and *-er*, are not true verbs in the literal sense
—
they
lack the defining feature of the verb part of speech,
namely the category of voice (which determines its
essence as a part of speech). Instead, these elements
serve as tools that convey the form and meaning of the
predicative category within the structure of the
predicate. Therefore, in Turkic languages, the category
of predicativity should not be analyzed within the
system of verbal morphological forms, but rather within
the framework of functional-syntactic forms that arise
from the Turkic nature of these languages. The category
of predicativity is not a verbal category, but a syntactic
component of the sentence. However, due to the fact
that the verb frequently functions as the predicate, its
specialized forms for expressing affirmation-negation,
mood, tense, and person-number have developed
significantly within this part of speech.This naturally
raises the following question: if the predicative category
is specific to sentence components, but the expression
of its meanings and forms relies on a specialized system
of verb forms, should this category be studied within the
framework of the verb part of speech or within that of
sentence components?
In Uzbek linguistics as well, under the influence of
Western European linguistic traditions, the grammatical
forms of affirmation-negation, mood-tense, and
person-number have traditionally been studied within
the framework of the verb part of speech. However, in
more recent times, particularly in textbooks and
manuals written from the perspective of functional
grammar
—
such as those developed under the
leadership of H. Nematov
—
these grammatical forms
have been removed from the domain of the verb part of
speech and are now studied as part of relational-
functional forms.
Thus, an approach based on the functional capacities of
these categories has begun to emerge in the
interpretation of their essence.
In the system of syntactic relational-functional forms,
the category of predicativity is considered alongside
possessive and case forms and is separated from the
verb part of speech. This approach is undoubtedly
correct for the purpose of analyzing the essence of the
predicative category. However, from an educational and
pedagogical standpoint, it presents certain challenges.
When teaching topics such as verb tenses or
conjugation of predicates, one inevitably has to refer
back to the verb part of speech.
Nominal predicates, except for forms expressing
certainty, intention, or present-future tense, are
generally formed with auxiliary elements, and their
lexical basis still traces back to the verb. Therefore, in
new curricula and textbooks, it cannot be deemed
entirely correct to separate the categories of mood,
tense, and person-number from the verb. In our
opinion, it is more appropriate to retain these forms
within the domain of the verb and classify them as the
verb’s predicative forms.
For example, in the 7th grade “Mother Tongue”
textbook (Nematov H. et al., Tashkent, 2001, pp. 55
–
58),
while predicative forms are separated from participles,
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
adverbial participles, and verbal nouns under the
classification of verb functions, these predicative forms
are not analyzed under the section on verb forms, but
rather redirected to the “Relational Forms” section.
Undoubtedly, this creates difficulties in the
educational process.
In conclusion, like all grammatical categories, the
predicative category has its own valency and should be
regarded as an independent grammatical category. At
the same time, it is a superparadigm composed of
several interrelated categories such as affirmation-
negation, mood-modality, tense, and person-number.
Accordingly, the predicative category has its own
valency.
Research into the personal actant and its
manifestation in speech reveals that the personal
actant and the grammatical subject are related but not
identical. The personal actant may or may not coincide
with the subject, and in some cases, the personal
element may be null. It is also plausible that similar
relationships exist between the actants of affirmation-
negation, mood-modality, tense, and the various
sentence extensions. Naturally, in order to elevate this
hypothesis to a scientific truth, it is necessary to study
in detail the relationships between affirmation-
negation, mood-modality, tense actants, and sentence
extensions. This represents one of the important
unresolved tasks facing our field.
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