European International Journal of Philological Sciences
33
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijps
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
33-34
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
18 February 2025
ACCEPTED
16 March 2025
PUBLISHED
17 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 04 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Antonyms in The Work
“Tazkirayi Shuaro”
Dustova Surayyo Savronovna
Associate Professor, PhD in Philological Sciences at Jizzakh State
Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan
Abstract
: This article provides information about the
work Tazkirayi Shuaro and the use of antonyms within
it. It also draws scholarly conclusions based on the
antonyms found in the text.
Keywords:
Tazkira, source, scribe, manuscript,
inventory, archive, work, letter, page, antonym,
synonym, homonym, author.
Introduction:
Hasanmurod Laffasiy is a poet and writer
who holds a significant place in Uzbek literature.
Manuscript copies of his work Tazkirayi Shuaro are
preserved in various manuscript collections across the
country. The work contains information about 58 poets
and samples of their poetry.
In Tazkirayi Shuaro, along with homonyms and
synonyms, a considerable number of antonyms can be
found. “Antonyms play a significant role in speech by
helping to compare objects, phenomena, and their
characteristics, highlighting contrasts, and expressing
o
ur thoughts and emotions clearly and effectively.”
Antonymy (from the Greek antionymo
–
"opposite
name") refers to a relationship of opposition between
lexemes: big
–
small, young
–
old, tiny
–
huge, and so on.
Antonym lexemes must share a general semantic
category as well as opposing features. For example, the
lexemes big and small both belong to the categories
“adjective” and “scale,” while also opposing in meaning
—
“relatively greater” (big) and “relatively lesser”
(small). Not every word has an antonym. For example:
store, book, institute, river, mountain
—
these words do
not have antonyms. Antonyms are more commonly
found in adjectives that describe characteristics of
objects.
“Bo‘lib sun’iy nasimidin azal birla abad paydo,
Xirad zoting bilgali yorabni
had paydo”
In this couplet from Tazkirayi Shuaro, the antonyms azal
and abad are used. According to the explanatory
European International Journal of Philological Sciences
34
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
dictionary:
Azal
–
the time with no beginning, an eternal past.
Abad
–
eternity, infinite future; antonym of azal.
“Ey ko‘ngil, daxr ichra tuzgil shevaiy xushyorlig‘,
Tashlabon g‘aflatni, tun
-
kun aylagil bedorlig‘”
In this couplet, the antonyms tun (night) and kun (day)
are used. In the dictionary of Navoi’s works:
Tun
–
1. The part of the day from sunset to sunrise. 2.
Darkness, absence of light.
Kun
–
1. Sun. 2. The daytime from sunrise to sunset. 3.
A 24-hour period. 4. A calendar date. 5. A time or era.
“Hijri shomida qorong‘u kecha birlan kunduzim,
Ishq aro tushdim, qo‘lim tut, yo Ali duldulsuvor”
Here, kecha (night) and kunduz (daytime) are
antonyms:
Kecha
–
the part of the day from nightfall to dawn.
Kunduz
–
the part of the day from sunrise to sunset.
“Firoqida qorong‘u ko‘zlarimni ravshan etmoqqa,
Niqobin tashlabon kelgach yana xurshida sonimmu”
The antonyms qorong‘i (dark) and ravshan
(bright) are
used in this couplet:
Qorong‘i –
1. Darkened, lacking light; antonym: light.
Ravshan
–
[Persian: bright, luminous, clear]; shining,
light-filled, bright, visible.
“Bir gul g‘amida shom
-
sahar aylaram fig‘on,
Yo‘qtur vafo gulidin asar onda bir nishon”
The antonyms sahar (dawn) and shom (evening) are
defined in the explanatory dictionary as follows:
Sahar
–
[Arabic: early dawn]; the moment of first light.
Shom
–
[Persian: evening]; the time after sunset when
darkness begins.
CONCLUSION
Antonyms are widely used in the Uzbek language and
particularly in the language of Laffasiy’s Tazkirayi
Shuaro. Since the beginning of the world, everything
has had its opposite: evil and good, virtue and sin. For
instance, when we say white, we immediately think of
black; when we say long, we think of short; young
–
old; good
–
bad. These contrasts are reflected in both
our language and our consciousness. Antonyms
enhance vocabulary and linguistic richness. Therefore,
effective use of antonyms helps the writer stand out,
and this is evident in Laffasiy’s tazkira. Studying
Hasanmurod Laffasiy’s Tazkirayi Shuaro from a
linguistic perspective remains an important subject in
contemporary research.
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