European International Journal of Philological Sciences
90
https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijps
TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
90-93
DOI
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
28 February 2025
ACCEPTED
29 March 2025
PUBLISHED
30 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue 04 2025
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Features of The Respect
Category
Azimova Parizod Azamat qizi
Korean language teacher at the Uzbek State University of World
Languages, Uzbekistan
Abstract
: This article is about the characteristics of the
categories of respect, which involves a comparative
study of respect words in Korean language lessons.
Language has historically been a social phenomenon,
which has deep spiritual and cultural significance for
every person and every specialist. For this reason,
language, language teaching, language research,
especially the study of our native language through
comparison with foreign languages, has become even
more relevant among philologists of our country after
the Uzbek language was given the status of the state
language.
Korean and Uzbek languages belong to the same
language family and are considered to be close to each
other in terms of cultural indicators. In this regard, the
relevance of our topic requires the analysis of the
existence or absence of the category of respect, which
is a complex process in Korean, in the Uzbek language,
its role, translation phenomenon, and also the object of
communication.
Keywords:
Category, subject, dialectic, respectful form,
communicative behavior.
Introduction:
Since the emergence of language in
society, it has always possessed a social character,
serving as a means of establishing mutual
communication and exchanging ideas among people in
the process of social labor. At the same time, it is one of
the important symbols that reflects a nation's spiritual
identity and essence
—
it is also a priceless mirror of
human thought. Just as every language has its own
reasons for emergence, formation, and development,
the Korean language also has its own unique origin and
dialectical history.
Compared to other languages, the Korean language
began to be studied much later. Several factors
contributed to the exploration of the historical
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
foundations of Korean. As is known, Korea was a
colony of China for many centuries. This is considered
the first reason for studying the historical roots of the
Korean language. The second issue is that, until the
15th century
—
before King Sejong invented the
alphabet
—
Koreans did not have their own script.
Because Korea was under Chinese rule for over 1,500
years, some scholars, especially Edkins, claimed that
Korean is simply a variant of the Chinese language.
However, this view is incorrect. Although about 75% of
Korean vocabulary consists of words borrowed from
Chinese, this does not mean that the Korean language
has lost its identity. Furthermore, although the Korean
people may resemble other nations and ethnicities in
terms of interpersonal relations, it is also possible to
witness various dissimilarities among them.
When expl
oring “
언어
예절
”
(Eoneo Yejeol
–
speech
etiquette), we must first understand the categories of
communication etiquette in the Korean language. The
following categories of speech etiquette currently exist
in Korean:
1-Table
1.
다임법
- category of
respect
A.
철수야
,
선생님께서
너
교무실에
오라고
하셨습니다
.
They said that old man Su should come as
our teacher.
B.
너
왜
이렇게
쌀이
쪘니
?
Why are you so fat?
2.
완곡어법
- category
of circular communication
A.
요즘
더
건강해
보이나요
.
You look healthy these days
인사법
- category of
greetings and farewells
A.
안녕하십니까
? – Hello!
B.
안녕
! – Hi
C.
안녕히
가십시오
! – Go well!!
호칭법과
지칭법
-
category of terms
A.
아버지
,
어디
계세요
? – "Dad, where
are you?"
B.
안과
병둥에
근무하는
저
호사는
마음이
참
예쁘구나
!
The nurse working in the ophthalmology
department is very beautiful
Hospitality and respect for elders, which have been
considered traditions since ancient times, are among
the most important traits of the Korean character. The
custom of hospitality, which emerged in ancient times,
was initially tied to vital needs, which is why it has
survived all stages of social development and reached
the present day. Respect for elders is one of the
ancient customs of Eastern peoples, including Koreans,
and this tradition has continued for centuries. Just like
the Uzbek people, the Korean people also follow the
principle of showing respect to elders and kindness to
the young (kattalarga hurmat, kichiklarga izzat). They
raise the younger generation in this spirit, teaching
them to treat everyone equally. This is one of the
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distinctive features of the Korean people.
Because the Korean nation has its own unique
character, the issue of
언어
예절
(speech etiquette)
cannot be studied without taking into account the
national character, specific customs, values, and
traditions. This is because speech etiquette is an
integral part of the national character and is closely
connected to it.
In Korean, words expressing evaluative forms (mutual
respect and politeness) are always used between the
speaker and the listener. If the speaker is older and the
listener is younger, the speaker uses
낮춤말
–
speech
showing humility. That is, the speaker uses expressions
that lower their own status in relation to the listener.
However, when the speaker addresses a larger group
or someone younger in age or status, even if the
speaker is older or of higher rank, they use
높임말
–
the honorific form.
The honorific form
주체높임
(subject honorification),
with the suffix
–
(
으
)
시
, can be attached not only to
verbs but also to adjectives functioning as predicates,
as well as to nouns and adverbs.
Examples:
A.
저분이
박
선생님이십니다
. That person is Teacher
Park.
B.
아버지께서
신문을
읽고
계십니다
. My father is
reading a newspaper.
C.
그분이
아주
예쁘십니다
. That person is very
beautiful.
D.
그
한국에서
온
선배님의
발음이
너무
빠르셔서
알아듣는
것이
무척
어려워요
. The pronunciation of
the senior who came from Korea is so fast that it’s very
difficult to understand.
When the listener holds a higher status, and the
subject of the sentence is also higher than the speaker,
the speaker does not add the
–
(
으
)
시
suffix.
Example:
할아버지
,
아버지가
아직
회사에서
안
왔습니다
.
✔️
할아버지
,
아버지께서
아직
회사에서
안
오셨습니다
.
❌
If the subject is someone of very high status (such as a
minister or president), then
–
(
으
)
시
is not used when
delivering news, reporting, or writing official
documents.:
A.
우즈베키스탄
대통령은
한국을
방문할
예정입니다
. The President of Uzbekistan is expected to
visit Korea.
B.
세종대왕은
1443
년에
한글을
창제했습니다
. King
Sejong created the Korean script in 1443.
If the subject is a group of two or more people (i.e., a
collective), the honorific suffix
–
(
으
)
시
is not applied.
This can be seen in the following examples:
A.
선생님들은
날마다
학교에서
학생들을
가르침니다
. Teachers teach students at school every
day.
B.
오늘은
다양한
나라에서
온
손님들을
위해서
우즈베키스탄
전통
문화에
대해서
재미있는
영화가
재공되었습니다
.Today, an interesting film about
Uzbekistan’s traditional culture was presented for
honorable guests from various countries.
When a conversation between two people is about a
third person, the honorific suffix
–
(
으
)
시
is used
depending on the age or status of that third person,
even if the listener is younger than the speaker.
Examples:
A.
딜도라
,
당신의
아버지께서는
무슨
일을
하심니까
?
Dildora, what does your father do?
B.
철수씨
,
오빠는
지금
어디
계십니까
? Mr. Chulsoo,
where is your elder brother now?
C.
아버지
,
할아버지는
친척
집에
가셨습니다
. Dad,
grandfather went to a relative’s house.
When the topic of conversation relates to the honorable
subject or someone associated with them, the suffix
–
(
으
)
시
is also used:
A.
한국에서
오신
김
선생님의
연세가
많으십니다
.
Mr. Kim, who came from Korea, is of old age.
B.
학생들을
가르치기
위해서
미국에서
새로
온
선생님의
키가
작으십니다
. The newly arrived teacher
from the U.S., who came to teach students, is short in
height.
C.
선생님
,
시간이
있으십니까
? Teacher, do you have
time?
In Korean, certain words also have distinct honorific
forms.:
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European International Journal of Philological Sciences
2-Table
자다
주무시다
to sleep
죽다
돌아가시다
to die, to pass away
있다
계시다
to exist
먹다
드시다
/
잡수시다
to eat
Examples:
A.
지듬
아버지께서는
자신
방에서
주무시고
있습니다
. Currently, my father is sleeping in his own
room.
B.
할머니께서는
점심
드셨습니까
? Grandmother,
have you had lunch?
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Eastern countries are distinguished by
their
etiquette
of
speech
and
culture
of
communication. As seen from the above information,
the Korean people, too, place great importance on
showing respect to elders and consideration toward
the younger.
The honorific category in the Korean language is much
stronger and requires more attention compared to
other languages. Through this topic, our goal was to
highlight the Korean people's emphasis on respect and
how it serves as a reflection of their national identity.
For centuries, the Korean people have preserved
unique customs and rituals. This nation has long been
known for its upbringing in noble values such as
respectful communication and reverence for elders.
Studying the problem of communicative etiquette
without considering national character, unique
customs, values, and traditions of a nation is absolutely
impossible. This is because communication etiquette is
an integral part of a nation’s character, and they are
closely interconnected.
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