Literature

Ushbu maqolada XX asr o‘zbek she’riyatining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari tadqiq etilib, unda eng sara asarlarning keyingi davr ijodkorlari she’riyatiga ta’siri xususida fikr bildiriladi. Аynan XX asr boshlaridagi o‘zgarishlar keyingi davr adabiy jarayonining shakllanishiga xizmat qilganligi hamda ularning ijodi keyingi davr uchun etalon vazifasini o‘taganligi aniqlanadi. Shu bilan bir qatorda, Hamid Olimjon va Zulfiya kabi ijodkorlarning she’riyati, ma’lum bir xususiyatlari yangi davr adabiyoti uchun an’ana vazifasini o‘taydi. Bu kabi xususiyat Аbdulla Oripov ijodi misolida aniqlanadi. Аbdulla Oripov she’riyatiga ta’sir etgan omillar sifatida XX asr ijodkorlari va ularning asarlari o‘zaro qiyosiy tahlil etiladi. Аyniqsa, shoirning bahor fasliga bag‘ishlangan she’rlari xususida fikr yuritilib, undagi shoir mahorati aniqlangan.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilining korpusini yaratishda xususiy korpuslar asos vazifasini bajarishi haqida so‘z yuritilgan. Abdulla Qodiriyning “O‘tkan kunlar” asarining xususiy korpusini yaratish lingvistik jihatdan o‘rganilgan.

Xo'jandiy XIV asrning ikkinchi yarmi va XV asrning birinchi choragida yashab o'tgan iste’dodli o'zbek shoirlaridan biridir. Undan bizga masnaviy yo'lida yozilgan "Latofatnoma" dostoni yetib kelgan. Shoirning hayoti, yashagan davri, asarlari haqida bizga hech qanday ma'Iumotlar yetib kelmagan. Dunyo qo'lyozma fondlarida ushbu dostonning 5 ta qo'lyozma nusxasi aniqlangan:

Mazkur maqolada xorijiy tillarni o‘qitishda yondashuvlarning o‘rni va til talimida ulardan samarali foydalanish haqida fikr yuritilgan. Muallif yondashuv termini va uning turlarini ilmiy va nazariy jihatdan yoritib bergan. Shuningdek, yondashuv o‘quv fanining mazmuni haqidagi qarashlarni umumiylashtiradi, undan konkret bilim sohasidagi tadqiqotning umumiy metodologik asosi sifatida foydalaniladi, tadqiqotchi faoliyatini u yoki bu hodisalarini o‘rganish bo‘yicha yo‘nalishini aniqlaydi. Yondashuv til o‘qitish sistemasi zamiridagi fundamental komponent bo‘lib, o‘qitishning umumiy metodologik asosi sifatida gavdalanadi va o‘quv fanining maqsadi, vazifalari hamda ta’lim jarayonida ularni amalga oshirish imkoniyatini taminlaydigan ta’lim mazmuni haqidagi mavjud nuqtayi nazarlar bilan xaraktayerlanadi

Ushbu maqolada xalq og‘zaki badiiy ijodi namunalarida diniy motivlar talqini “Ollonazar Olchinbek” dostoni misolida tahlilga tortiladi.

This article says that Tursunzade was a great connoisseur of Persian-Tajik classical poetry, knew well the literature of the peoples of Central Asia and his approach to the classics was romantic. He did not idealize antiquity, considering it unchanged, therefore, in the works of his ancient predecessors, he sought and found reflections of injustice, disharmony of the world and man. The study of the variability of translation is carried out not from an axiological point of view, but as a manifestation of the variability of the translator's positions in the activity, due to various sociocultural and interpretive circumstances.

Subjects of the inquiry: stories by M.Osim, M.M.Dust, S.Siyoev, Sh.Kholmirzaev, U.Hashimov, T.Murad, Kh.Dustmuhammad, G.Hatamov, E.A’zamov, Kh.Davran, Kh.Sultanov, Sh.Butaev, A.Saidov, N.Boki, B.Murad Ali, A.Ibadinov and other writers.
Aim of the inquiry: to put forward theoretical positions for definition of principles of development for one of the major stages of the Uzbek story through studying the specimens of this genre created in the last quarter of the 20th century which includes two periods radically distinguished as far as it concerns the content: the last years the Soviet era and the first years of Independence.
Methods of the inquiry: analytical and comparative-and-typological methods have been applied in the dissertation.
The results achieved and their novelty': a) The thesis is the first one to consider the internal transformation as a process, which results in recognition that in the last quarter of the 20th century, in particular, under independence, in the Uzbek stories there appeared the heroes of a new type and new artistic interpretations; specific techniques for choosing true-life material and its artistic rethinking as well as new artistic interpretation were designed; some changes took place in the poetics of artistic representation of reality as the movement and updating in dynamics of internal transformation of a genre was showed, b) the dissertational work pioneers to undertake the comparative investigation of renovations appeared between the two periods; in addition, the stories of this period have been compared with creative work of world-known writers in the context of literary influence and interaction; c) the Uzbek stories have been analyzed in terms of criteria of new times and ideas of independence; d) for the first time in the generalized monographic aspect the problems of development of the Uzbek realistic stories have been elucidated; the influence of new science-based and artistic thinking on a genre of a story has been shown.
Practical value: the results and scientific-and-theoretical conclusions of the research can be used in studying the literature of the 20th century and modern process of literary writing; the scientific generalizations of the dissertation serve as the main source for pursuing research and analyzing the literary and artistic problems elucidated in the literary stories written in that period.
The research materials can be regarded as the main basis in writing text-books, educational guides on the Uzbek literature of the 20th century and modern literary process; in preparing texts for rendering lectures and organizing special courses and seminars on the Uzbek literature of the 20th century for Bachelor’s and Master's degree programs students.
Degree of embodiment and economic efficiency: the research results can be applied in teaching the History of Uzbek literature and the theory of literature at philological faculties of higher educational institutions, in colleges, academic lyceums and general education schools, as well as in writing textbooks and teaching materials on the Uzbek literature and its academic history. The results of the research have been presented in the monograph, brochures and articles of the author.
Sphere of usage: modem national literature, theory of literature, literary criticism, aesthetics, the social- humanitarian sciences, spheres of moral qualities and devotion.

O’zbekiston tarixdagi rivojlanish bosqichlarining eng yuksak pog’onasida ekanligi yoshlarimiz ta’lim olishi uchun barcha shart- sharoitlarni yaratib bermoqda va bu borada yuqori darajada ishlar olib borilmoqda. Bugungi mustaqilligimizgacha bo’lgan davrda yurtimiz ko’plab dovonlarni bosib o’tgan. Bu vaqtlar davomida yurtimiz bir necha bor yuksak pog’onalarga ko’tarildi va bir necha inqiroz holatlarini ham boshidan o’tkazdi. Bu davrlar orasida Amir Temur va temurriiylar davlatchiligi davri o’zining muhim o’rniga ega. Bu davrdagi davlatchilik siyosati xatto hozirgi davr davlatchiligida ham yuksak baholanadi. Shuning uchun ham bu davr davlatchiligi asoslarini o’rganish barcha yoshlarimiz uchun muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Mazkur maqolada Qo‘qon adabiy muhitining vakilasi Uvaysiy lirik merosida muxammas adabiy shaklining o‘rni, bu shakldagi namunalar tahlili, devonlaridan o‘rin olgan muxammaslar bog‘langan ijodkorlar guruhlangan, yaxlit bir umumiy manzara yaratilgan.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek adabiyotining iste’dodli vakili Usmon Nosir tarjimayi holi, ijodiy faoliyatining o‘ziga xos jihatlari haqida fikr yuritilgan.

This paper deals with using proverbs in teaching and learning English and the way teachers can make use of proverbs to keep the students interested in learning English. Proverbs reflect human experience across cultures and languages. In language teaching, proverbs can be used to teach vocabulary. Introducing a foreign culture and values can be carried out through the use of proverbs. Teachers can use different vocabulary activities through proverbs in teaching process

This article talks about the relationship between literature and folklore, about the classification of folklore borrowings

The article describes the notions of integration and differentiation as the basic processes of language development, describes historical examples of integration and differentiation and the development of these processes at the present stage of language existence. The process of language integration which globalization explains has provoked opposition in the national languages, which manifests itself by strengthening the processes of differentiation.

Ushbu maqolada antonimlarning strukturaviy va funksional xususiyatlari tadqiq etilib, muhokamaga qo‘yilgan.

The purpose of the research is to find out the common and distinctive features of these versions and variants, which arc based on a comparative study of various versions and variants of “Sayod and Khamro” epos, which plays an important role in the Khorczmian tradition of patriotism, describing the historical foundations of poetry, analysis of the role of images, the creation and development of folklore samples in a poem, the discovery of the laws of living in the live execution process, and the demonstration of epic creativity.
The scientific novelty is as follows:
The perfect variant of the epic is identified, based on the comparative study of two verbal and one copy of the poem of “Sayod and Hamra”;
comparing the Uzbek version of the poem and the Karakalpak and Turkmen versions, illuminated the common peculiarities of plot, the separations in the image system and the national identity;
For the first time, the epic was compared with the Azerbaijani and Turkic versions of the plot system, composition, leading images, the genetic and historical foundations of the work, and the factors and historical conditions that were the basis for the contrast between the Azerbaijani and Turkic versions of Central Asia;
illuminated the common and private aspcctsof traditions of the epic creativity on the basis of inter-varied comparisons;
the evolution of the image and the evolution of leading motives were introduccdon the basis of written and verbal variants;
the version and variantproblcms arc shown separately in the basis of one epos’s version and variants in the folklore.

The aim of research work is to convey the transformation of the categories of beauty and excited in the aesthetic teaching of Immanuel Kant from a scientifically philosophical point of view.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
It has been revealed that aesthetic pleasure based on art is based on refined, pure beauty and excited. It is also based on a philosophical-aesthetic and phenomenological approach to the stabilization and management of axiological, psychological, self-awareness, interpersonal and institutional relationships;
Immanuel Kant’s teachings have been ethically-aesthctically characterized by such factors as the impartiality, non-conformity and generality of beauty and excited mcgacatcgoryes;
It was discovered that the categories of beauty and glory in the aesthetic teaching of Immanuel Kant were transformed indirectly by the Oriental scientific heritage, and revealed the common aspects of philosophical ideas with east thinkers;
Immanuel Kant has developed a moral and aesthetic basis for creating immunity for non-multidimcnsional threats in the form of «mass culture» on the basis of pure beauty and majesty in the aesthetics of Kant.

This article analyzes poems in the Devas of Sultani, Saadi, Ghazis from the princely poets who created in the Khwarezmian literary environment of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Prince poets fed from the school of teachers, attached Nazira to the UAS, mastering classical poetry written in Persian-Tajik, Turkic languages. The article shows the lyrics of Prince poets the evolution of icons, the role of the means of artistic representation, the skill of using spiritual and lifesian Arts, which increase the power of artistic influence. Also, the lyrical poems, which take place from the devons of Prince poets, analyze the creation of poetic expressions based on fine arts such as tashbeh, tazod, tajnis, nido, talmeh, Kitabat.

Ushbu maqolada ijodkor Halima Xudoyberdiyevaning adabiy olamidagi, ijodidagi o‘ziga xosliklar, she’rlaridan asosiy o‘rinni egallagan mavzular, so‘z qo‘llash mahorati kabi xususiyatlar shoira she’rlari orqali mustaqil tahlil qilingan.

Til – millatning ma’naviy boyligidir. Til – davlat timsoli, mulki. Tilni asrash,rivojlantirish – millatning yuksalishi demak. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasida davlat tilining maqomi huquqiy jihatdan mustahkamlab qo‘yilgan. Shu tariqa o‘zbek tili mustaqil davlatimizning bayrog‘i, gerbi, madhiyasi qatorida turadigan, qonun yo‘li bilan himoya qilinadigan muqaddas davlat ramziga aylandi.

Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek tilining hozirgi kundagi ahamiyati, rivojlanishi, dunyo miqyosidagi o‘rni va jozibadorligi haqida bayon etilgan. O‘zbek tiliga davlat tili maqomining berilishi va uning respublika hududiga mustaqillikning kirib kelishiga zamin yaratganligi haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

Hammamizga ma’lumki , til bu mamlakatning madaniyati va urf-odatlari haqida ko‘proq ma’lumot beradigan eng muhim unsurlardan biri hisoblaniladi. Ushbu maqolada biz madaniyat va turmush tarzining chet tillarini o‘rganishga ijobiy ta’siri haqida ma’lumotlar berishga harakat qilamiz . Maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida mavjud bo‘lgan ba’zi muloyimlikni aks ettiruvchi so‘zlar ajratib ko‘rsatilgan, ularning ikki tildagi o‘xshash va farqli jihatlari solishtirilgan . Biz bu maqolada til o‘rganish jarayonida madaniyatning o‘quvchilar va o‘qituvchilarga ta’siri haqida biroz ma’lumot berishga harakat qildik.

This article describes the process of understanding the communicative meaning of the text, as well as the mechanisms of understanding the text. The process of understanding is a certain sequence of actions.

The article reveals creative career of great English science fiction writer Gerbert Wells and gives main information about literary features of novels written by this novelist

In this thesis, to study the expression and types of conflict in fiction by analyzing the expression of conflict in Mark Twain's "The Adventures of Hucklebberry Finn " andconflict is motivated by differences in the characteristics that brought the individual in an interaction. The differences
among them are related to the physical characteristics, intelligence, knowledge, customs, beliefs, and so forth. With it accompanies individual characteristics in social interaction, conflict is a normal situation in any society and any society is not one who has never experienced a conflict between its members or with other community groups, the conflict will only disappear with the loss of society itself

Problem and Purpose: The article highlights the problems associated with the study of the possibilities of using problem education; causes and ways to resolve them. The methodological basis was the fundamental research on the problematic education of John Dewey, Howard Burrows. The object of study is the learning process in a comprehensive school. Subject of research - methods and means of problem-based learning in the educational process. As research methods were used: theoretical analysis of the literature on this issue, qualitative andquantitative data analysis.