Literature

This article discusses the implementation of problem elements of teaching in literature lessons. It considers the classification of problem situations by various characteristics, the technological scheme of problem training and the sequence of actions for the implementation of problem technology. As examples of the implementation of problem-based learning, tasks on the topic of oral folk art are given.

The aim of the research is to reveal the participation of the direction of classical literary traditions reflecting the works of Uzbek Jadids and the role of traditional symbols in the composition of literary works in defining the originality and mastery of the writer.
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
- the role of the classical artistic rules, which is one of the main factors of the development of new Uzbek literature, in formatting the peculiarities of the jadid writers;
- theoretical foundations of the literary tradition, the problems of inheritance and literary influence, and the scientific position of the Jadid scholars in relation to the classical heritage are shown;
- in the works of the Jadidic writers, the level of ghazals’ use, the usage of smaller genres and forms of musammat, as well as the novelty on the genre’s poetry were identified;
- the role of traditional, actively used in poetry symbols and artistic imagery in the structure of contemporary texts was defined;
- the causes of Jadid Poet's appeal to aruz and the classical rhyme system and the level of poetic mastery and peculiarity in their use were described;
- in the new Uzbek prose, such genres as short stories, stories and travelers’ notes have been analyzed in the context of the literary heritage and the synthesis of the renewal principles with the special features of classical prose revealed;
- the place and the role of methodological aspects and the poetic peculiarities of the classical prose were reflected, and their participation in the formation of the Uzbek novel is shown.

In the article, based on a comparative analysis of the works of two poets, it is proved that Yunus Emro continued the creative traditions of Khoja Ahmad Yassawi in Turkic poetry. The works of two great poets are compared in three directions: 1) artistic interpretation of the esoteric meaning; 2) tradition and originality in the creation of an artistic image; 3) the language of the work of art and the way of expression. Comparative analysis leads to the following conclusions: firstly, Yunus Emro was a great esoteric poet, secondly, he continued the traditions of Hazrat Khoja Ahmad Yassawi in artistic creativity, and thirdly, he made a great contribution to the development of the literary and aesthetic thinking of the Turkic peoples.

In this article, in the late 19 th -early 20 th century Khorezm, Muhammad Rahim Khan II Feruz, the unique forms of the devanism tradition, the works of prince poets Sultani and Saadi, and the devans ordered by them, some poems in the devans, in particular, examples of ghazal, mustazod, mukhammas are presented, the text of poems in manuscripts is analyzed.Based on the sources stored in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhon Beruni of the Republic of Uzbekistan will be analyzed. The study of the Devonian traditions of Khorezm, the implementation of a cross-textual comparative study and analysis of Devonian manuscripts ordered by princely poets, in particular Sultani, Saadi,Ghazi, Asads, complement the history of Uzbek literature, and an important source of study of the historical, cultural, literary environment of this period.

In the article, the characters in the novel "Decline" by the son of Sa'dikhan Mavlavikhan are compared in terms of historical and artistic aspects. The images of Khudoyorkhan's close servant Saidbek and his sister Oltinoy, as well as Abdurakhman, the son of a Muslilmanqul mingbashi, and the historical prototype of Normuhammad koshbegi, who was the governor of Tashkent at that time, were studied from the images of textile nature. The use of textile images in the work gives the novel a unique artistry, and the issue of its influence on the theme and composition of the work is also discussed in detail. Also, the proportionality of the images of the work in terms of historical truth and artistic texture was also checked.

This article is devoted to identify the scientific researches of the phenomenon of graduonymy in speech patterns. And also, there is given information about forming graduonymic rows and their some important principles.

The most significant and valuable legacy of medieval Western literature is the epic -poems about warrior heroes created by the people and expressing their ideals. The epic arose in the form of legends, which for a long time existed in oral transmission. Their performers were called jugglers in France, and in Germany - spielmans. These are usually conjurer acrobats who amuse the people on the roads and
squares. They also sang or chanted songs about the knights. Later, from the twelfth century, learned poets
reworked these stories and wrote them down in the form of lengthy poems for reading

This article deals with the typological category ofcausativization in the material of languages of different systems and
different genealogical families. In the Uzbek language grammars and in some scientific works the verbs with the forms of causativization such as “o`qitmoq” – «make/let someone read», “yozdirmoq” – «make/let someone write» are considered to be one of the forms of the category of voice (causative voice). In the English language this linguistic phenomenon is expressed by the combination of the auxiliary verb make/let/get/cause to/+object+infinitive: I make my student read, etc. These auxiliary verbs have lost their lexical meaning and acquired the grammatical meaning of causativization in the mentioned above patterns. In the Uzbek language the
affixal morphemes - dir, - tir, - giz, etc are added to the root or the stem of the verb, at the result of which the verb acquires the meaning of causativization

Subjects of the research: novels expressed in verse “Ziyad and Adiba” by Mirmukhsin, “The Only Question” by Kh.Sharipov, “Imperishable World” by Mukhammad Ali.
Purpose of work: identifying distinguishing features of a poetic novel by the example of Uzbek realistic poetic novels, interpretation of specific aspects of poetics in novels of this type on the basis of analysis in above-mentioned works.
Methods of the research: comparative and historical analysis.
The received results and their novelty:
- the author has revealed that a novel written in verse is not an independent genre but a special type of the novel genre in Uzbek literary studies for the first time;
- the author has determined the process of shaping and driving principles of evolution of the Uzbek realistic poetic novel in our literature based on the analysis of the three poetic novels;
- the necessity of harmonious lyrical interpretation with epical depiction in the novel written in verse was substantiated from the scientific point of views.
Practical value: the results and materials of the research could be employed in rendering special courses concerning the theory of poetic novels included in curricula of higher educational institutions, lyceums and colleges; in educational supplies and text-books on the theory of literature.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the author made several reports at scientific conferences, seminars. There were published 12 articles according to essence of work in scientific journals.
Field of application: literary studies, theory of literature.

The aim of the research is to define the evolutionary stages of the artistic thought, the specific peculiarities of every stage, the social-psychological factors that formed the stages and the nature of the changes at the rhythmical-intonational aspect of the renewed poetry in Uzbek poetry of the 20th century.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows:
the social-psychological factors of the evolutionary stages of the artistic thought arc showed as a continuous process at the Uzbek poetry of the 20th century for the first time;
the socio-mental factors of a new individual formation which is connected with human’s socializing in Uzbek poetry are defined. Moreover, the research proves that socializing and ideological peculiarities initially appeared in Jadid’s poetry;
the evolutionary concrctization of an aesthetic idol in every stage of evolution and its defined conccptive-thcmatic direction were defined. Furthermore, the idol put outlook first which resulted in worsening the influence of beauty and goodness and the research proves that this approach contradicts the nature of art;
the research shows that the 20th century generation of the four periods -Jadid’s poets, the 20s, the 60s and the 70s had different ideological-aesthetic status and poetic principles;
literary tradition and the role of literary relations became vivid at the end of the 20th century causing the poetic renewal of poetry and its persistence, the nature of transition in the subjective formation of lyrics and its factors arc revealed.

Poets of the Kokand literary environment wrote in various genres and themes in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The artists of this period enriched the treasury of our classical literature with their unique lyrical works. Husaynquli Sulaymonquli oglu Muhsini (1860-1917) is one of such talented poets who lived and worked in Kokand.
In this article, Husseinquli Muhsini's poems, which are included in the edition of the collection of lyrical heritage and manuscripts, are classified according to the scope of the topic. The poet's poems were found and analyzed on romantic, religious-mystical, enlightenment, moral-philo-sophical and social themes. There are also scientific and theoretical views on the genre features of the poet's poetry. It explores how the traditions of classical poetry continued in the poet’s work and how his works reflected the changes in the social life of the period.

This article is aimed at shaping the fields of Arabic literature, textual studies, source studies. Also, it is emphasized that Mahmud Zamakhshari's valuable works in Arabic literature are of special importance.

Ma’lumki, O`rta Osiyoda yashagan qadimgi aholi folklori, xususan, sak-massaget eposi namunalarining qadimgi yunon manbalaridan, xususan, Gerodotning “Tarix” asaridan o`rin olgan. Gerodot skiflar diyori bo`ylab qilgan sayohatlari chog`ida o`zining mahalliy aholining boy og`zaki ijodi, ayniqsa, qahramonlik va jasoratni tasvirlovchi epik asarlari bilan tanishgan. SHuning uchun ham u uz “Tarix”ida skif qabilalari hayoti bilan bog`liq u yoki bu rivoyatni keltirishdan avval so`zni “aytishlaricha”, “menga aytib berishlaricha”, “hikoya qilishlaricha” kabi birikmalar bilan boshlaydi. Bu esa Gerodot asarida keltirilgan skif folklori namunalari bevosita og`zaki an’anaga borib taqalishidan darak beradi. Gerodotning “Tarix” asarida keltirilgan “skif hikoyalari”ning negizi folklorga borib bog`lanishini D.S.Raevskiy va L.A.Lelekovlar ham qayd etishgan.

Subject of the research: the psychological tradition created in the literature by Virginia Woolf. In the dissertation the special type of psychological prose developed by the writer is investigated.
Aim of the research: The main goal of the dissertation is to show the individual originality of Virginia Woolf s style as writer- of psychologist type is set as by the purpose of the thesis, to estimate her creative and initiative achievements, to define the contribution brought by her in the world literature, to investigate the character of her influence on all subsequent psychological prose.
Methods of the research: The comparative - historical method of research is applied at the reference to theoretical aspects of the problem. In the dissertation we have also experienced the typological method and technique approach to the study of the literature. The artistic originality of Virginia Woolfs psychological prose is defined in the course of scientific interpretation of text products and essence (main points).
The results achieved and their novelty: In the dissertation for the first time the attention is paid on «a stream of consciousness» techniques specificity used by writer in her late novels «The Waves», «Orlando». The dissertation presents the new theoretical approach and position relating to concept of a «stream of consciousness » technique used both by its writers and literary critics.
Practical value: The present scientific research work can serve as the manual at teaching and studying the course of the history of foreign literature, the theory of literature and aesthetics at philological high schools.
Degree of embedment: results of the dissertation have been approved in scientific articles and reports of the competitor at various conferences. They arc reflected in scientific publications of the author of the dissertation which can serve as valuable educational and methodical contribution to the foreign literature history, literature theories, by preparation of courses of lectures and working out of seminars employment plan on the given disciplines.
Field of application: History of foreign literature, the literature theory, literary criticism, aesthetics.

Мақоллар ўзбек адабиётида асрлар давомида тўпланган бебаҳо мерослардан бири ҳисобланади. Тафаккурнинг бундай дурдонасини ҳалқимиз асрлар  оша кўз қорачиғидай асраб оғиздан-оғизга, авлоддан-авлодга еткизиб келмоқда. Мақоллар хеч қачон ўз маъноси йўқотмай замонлар оша тобора сайқалланади ва мазмуни теранлашади. Ҳалқ ҳаёти тажрибасидан келиб чиқадиган хулосаларининг бадиий ифодаси бўлмиш мақоллар, гарчи бир-икки лўнда жумлали ё мисрали бўлса-да, уларнинг ҳар бирига, М. Горький сўзлари билан айтганда: “Бутун-бутун  китобларга ёритиладиган фикр ва маъно жо қилинган. Ҳалқ асрлар давомида сайқал берган ҳар бир мақол етук бадиий асардир”. Мана шу фикрга қўшилган ҳолда бизнинг ўзбек адабиётшунослар хам ўз асарларида мақолларни асарларнинг маъносини тўлиқ ифода қилиш учун ишлатишган.

This article contains an analysis of views on the relationship between poetic form and content, individual creative thinking. The concept of poetic content is one of the main trends that determine the uniqueness of each artist. Classical poetic images in Tavallo’s work: flower, nightingale; Vatan, like contemporary artists, was able to renew them through individual creative thinking, even if the issues of science and enlightenment served to ensure artistry. The literary heritage of Tavallo, who achieved substantive innovation in giving a new meaning to traditional images, is broadly analyzed in the article, categorized into specific classifications.

This article discusses the features of a student's independent work and their role in teaching Russian, independent work.

The image-experience is the basis of the lyrics. In turn, this experience cannot be a direct goal for artistic expression, it reflects certain moods that have arisen in certain situations and summarizes them. Based on the creative ability of the creator, it undergoes a number of qualitative changes, or it is born completely anew and comes to the world from the world of imagination, perfected to a sufficient level of fascination. In order to create a poetic image, researching the figurative meaning of the word in relation to its original meaning, the unknown and even extraordinary signs in relation to its known and ordinary signs, using the word with as many new facets and new glosses as possible, chameleon It is recommended to describe it in the form. Giving such a special meaning and appearance to the word creates imagery. After all, imagery is an important condition of lyrics, and as long as any experience is not formed into an image, the poem will not differ from a simple statement. The article talks about image and figurativeness on the example of Abdulla Oripov's poetry.

Диссертация мавзусининг долзарблиги ва зарурати. Жаҳон манбашунослиги ва матншунослигида Шарқ адабиётига оид манбаларни ўрганишга интилиш матн таҳлилига оид тадқиқотлар ортиб бормоқда. Натижада матншуносликнинг назарий асослари, матн таҳлилига оид аниқ концепциялар ишлаб чиқилмоқда, таҳлил усуллари аниқланмоқда. Матншуносликдаги мавжуд устувор йўналишлар мумтоз адабиёт намуналарининг асл манбаларини аниқлаш ва мамлакатимизнинг маънавий-маданий тараққиётида тутган ўрнига доир янги хулосалар чиқариш имконини беради.

Жаҳон манбашунослик ва матншунослик илмида бирламчи манбалар қиёсий таҳлил ва талқин тамойиллари асосида ўрганилмоқда. Манбашуносликнинг асосий объекти бўлган матн ва унинг муаллифи ҳақида илмий-назарий хулоса чиқариш учун, аввало, бирламчи манбани тадқиқ этиш, уларнинг илмий-танқидий матнларини яратиш,қадим адабий манбаларни қўлёзма нусхалар асосида нашр этиш муҳим вазифалардан саналади. Аср бошларида вужудга келган илмий-адабий муҳитни ўрганиш, манбаларни табдил ва талқин қилиш тамойилларини ишлаб чиқиш бугунги кун адабиётшунослик ва матншунослик фанлари олдида турган долзарб муаммолардандир.  

Аждодларимиз яратган адабий мерос, уни тадқиқ этиш халқимиз маънавий оламини бойитишда, келажак авлодни баркамол шахс сифатида тарбиялашда муҳим аҳамият касб этади. «Бизнинг ҳавас қилса арзийдиган буюк тарихимиз бор, ҳавас қилса арзийдиган улуғ аждодларимиз бор. Ҳавас қилса арзийдиган беқиёс бойликларимиз бор. Ва мен ишонаман, насиб этса, ҳавас қилса арзийдиган буюк келажагимиз, буюк адабиётимиз ва санъатимиз ҳам, албатта, бўлади»[1]. Бизнинг ана шундай

бой маънавий меросимиз XX аср бошларидан мустақиллик даврига қадар матншунос ва манбашунос олимлар томонидан тўпланиб нашр қилинди. Бу борада аср бошларида профессор Абдурауф Фитрат (1886–1938) олиб борган тадқиқот ва нашр ишлари бугунги кунга қадар аҳамиятини йўқотгани йўқ. Фитратнинг ўзбек мумтоз адабиётига доир манбалар устида ишлаб, уларнинг матнини  табдил этиб,  нашр эттириш борасидаги тадқиқотлари «Энг эски турк адабиёти намуналари» (1927) ҳамда «Ўзбек адабиёти намуналари» (1-жилд, 1928) мажмуаларида жамланган. Гарчи бугунги кунга қадар Фитратнинг ижодий ҳамда илмий фаолияти бир қанча тадқиқотларда ёритилган бўлса-да, олимнинг матншунос ва манбашунос сифатидаги фаолияти жиддий тадқиқга тортилмаган. Олимнинг манбашунослик ва матншунослик соҳасидаги тадқиқотлари ўзбек матншунослигининг ўзига хос хусусиятлари ва тамойилларини назарий- амалий жиҳатдан ишлаб чиқишда асос бўлиб хизмат қилди.  Асар мазмуни, ғояси, матн тарихини чуқур билиш, аниқ хулосага келиш, мавжуд манбалар матнини танқидий ўрганиш, матндан келиб чиққан ҳолда муаллиф таржимаи ҳолини тиклаш ва бадиий асар талқини каби илмий-назарий тамойилларни ишлаб чиқишда олимнинг матншунос ва манбашунос сифатидаги фаолиятини ўрганиш нафақат ўз даври, балки бугунги кун манбашунослиги ва матншунослигида ҳам муҳим аҳамият касб этади.

Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2016 йил 13 майдаги ПФ–4797-сон «Алишер Навоий номидаги Тошкент давлат ўзбек тили ва адабиёти университетини ташкил этиш тўғрисида»ги фармони, 2017 йил 24 майдаги ПҚ–2995-сонли «Қадимий ёзма манбаларни сақлаш, тадқиқи ва тарғиб қилиш тизимини янада такомиллаштириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида»ги қарори, Ўзбекистон Респубикаси Президентининг 2017 йил 17 февралдаги ПҚ-2789 -сонли «Фанлар академияси фаолияти, илмий тадқиқот ишларини ташкил этиш, бошқариш ва молиялаштиришни янада такомиллаштириш чора-тадбирлари тўғрисида»ги қарори ва мазкур фаолиятга тегишли бошқа

меъёрий-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларда белгиланган вазифаларни амалга оширишда ушбу диссертация тадқиқоти муайян даражада хизмат қилади.

Тадқиқотнинг республика фан ва технологиялари ривожланиши-нинг устувор йўналишларига боғлиқлиги. Диссертация тадқиқоти республика фан ва технологиялар ривожланишининг I.«Ахборотлашган жамият ва демократик давлатни ижтимоий, ҳуқуқий, иқтисодий, маданий, маънавий-маърифий ривожлантириш, инновацион иқтисодиётни ривожлантириш»устувор йўналишига мувофиқ бажарилган.

Муаммонинг ўрганилганлик даражаси. Ўзбек мумтоз адабиёти манбалари ва намуналарини нашрга тайёрлаш ва унинг илмий тамойилларини ишлаб чиқиш бўйича матншунослик йўналишида бир қатор ишлар амалга оширилган. С.Айний, Ғафур Ғулом, Амин Умарий, Ҳусайнзода, И.Султон, П.Шамсиев, Ҳ.Сулаймон, С.Ғаниева, Ғ.Каримов, Ш.Эшонхўжаев, Э.Аҳмадхўжаев, С.Эркинов, И.Ҳаққул, Н.Раҳмонов, Б.Тўхлиев, Қ.Содиқов, С.Ҳасанов, В.Раҳмонов, Н.Жабборов, А.Эркинов, Р.Зоҳидов[1] ва бошқа олимлар матншунослик ва манбашунослик; В.Маҳмуд, О.Шарафиддинов, Э.Рустамов, А.Қаюмов, А.Ҳайитметов, С.Ғаниева, А.Абдуғафуров, Р.Воҳидов, М.Ҳамидова, Ш.Сирожиддинов, Н.Жумахўжа, К.Муллахўжаева, Д.Юсупова[2]  каби олимлар мумтоз адабиёт намуналари

нашрларини таҳлил қилган; хорижий олимлар Н.Осимбек, Ф.Кўпрулу, Б.Аталай; С.Е.Малов, В.В.Радлов, А.Самойлович, Е.Э.Бертельс, И.В.Стеблеванинг матн ва тадқиқотлари шулар жумласидандир[1]. Шунингдек, Фитрат ижоди ва жадидчилик муаммолари О.Шарафиддинов, Н.Каримов, Э.Каримов, Б.Қосимов, Ҳ.Болтабоев, М.Қурбонова, И.Ғаниев, Б.Каримов, У.Жўрақулов[2] ва бошқа олимлар томонидан тадқиқ этилган. Бироқ Фитрат мажмуаларининг матний тадқиқини амалга ошириш, мажмуадаги намуналарнинг бирламчи манбаларни излаб топиш, уларни ўзаро қиёслаш натижасида асл манбани аниқлаш, таҳлил ва тадқиқ этиш ҳамда ХХ аср матншунослиги тарихида Фитрат тажрибаларини ўрганишга доир махсус тадқиқотлар амалга оширилмаган.

 

[1] Самойлович А. Собрание стихотворений императора Бабура. – Петроград, 1917; Малов С.Е. Из третьей рукописи «Кутадгу билиг», Изв. АНСССР Отд. Гумм.: Наук, 1929; Малов С.Е. Памятники древнетюркской письменности. – М.–Л., 1951; Кўпрулу Ф. Турк адабиётида илк мутасаввуфлар. – Истанбул, 1918. / Купрулу Ф. Турк адабиётининг маншаъи //  Миллий татаббулар мажмуаси. 2-жилд, 4-сон. – Б.71; Besim Atalay. Divanü Lügat-ıt-Türk ve Tercümesi üzerine Notlar / Kaşgarlı Mahmud. Divanü Lügat-ıt-Türk (çeviri). Çeviren: Besim Atalay. 5.Baskı. Cild I-III. – Ankara, 2006; Бертельс Е.Э. Навои. Опыть творческое биографие. – М., 1947; Навои и Джами. – М., 1965;  Стеблева И.В. Семантика газалей Бабура. – М., 1978, Тюркская поэтика. – М., 2012;

[2] Шарафиддинов О. Ижодни англаш бахти. – Т.: Шарқ, 2004; Каримов Н. Адабиёт ва тарихий жараён. – Т., 2013; Каримов Э. Развитие реализма в узбекской литературе. – Т., 1978; Қосимов Б. Милллий уйғониш даври ўзбек адабиёти. – Т.: Маънавият, 2004; Болтабоев Ҳ. Абдурауф Фитрат – адабиётшунос. – Т.: Ёзувчи, 1996; Болтабоев Ҳ. Фитрат ва жадидчилик. – Т.: Алишер Навоий номидаги Ўзбекистон Миллий кутубхонаси нашриёти, 2007; Қурбонова М. Фитратнинг тилшунослик мероси: Фил.фан.номз. ... дисс. – Т., 1993; Ғаниев И. Фитрат драмалари поэтикаси. – Т.: Фан,. 2005; Каримов Б. Жадид мунаққиди Вадуд Маҳмуд. – Т., 2000; Жўрақулов У. Фитратнинг тадқиқотчилик маҳорати. – Т., 2003.

 

 

The article focused on the importance and benefits of learning English literature, especially Charles Dickens` great cultural heritage. The goal of this article is motivate language learners acquaint pupils with the lives and works of important individuals in English literature and to explore his works. His fame stemmed from his ability to incorporate fascinating characters and stories with significant propaganda commentary about Victorian society's disenfranchised.

This article is dedicated to the issues such as the history of the four Arabic lexicographic schools; their representatives, dictionaries and the principles of dictionary compiling. Also the information is given by the author about Makhmood Zamahshary and the dictionaries that he collected namely “Muqaddamatu al-adab”, “Аl-Fiak fi garibi al-hadis”, “Asasu al-balyaga” and “Аl-Mustaqsa fi amsali-l-arab”.

In this article, the origin, genesis, gradual development of irfoniy epics, principles of development in Turkish and Persian literature are researched. The epics of Fariduddin Attar, Gulshahri, Alisher Navoi, Rezai Payvandi, and Salahi were analyzed. the characteristics of vazn, measurement possibilities, poetic arts, rhyme system in the epics of these creators were studied and analyzed. The article also reveals the relationship between weight and content in irfoniy epics. Also, the article expresses the reaction to the existing views and opinions in literary studies. In order to read epic verses expressively, the events of vasl, imola, tag’yir, and taslim are clarified. In the process of writing the research, the book «From the history of Uzbek epic poetry» by B. Valikho’jaev, the article «Gulshahri and Navoi» by Arasli Noshoba, the book «Genesis and ideological-artistic features of the epic «Lison ut Tair»» by Sh. Sharipov , Sh. Hasanova’s «Bird» by Maulana Khoji Qazi Payvandi Rezai»language» epic and its comparative-textological study» monograph, Z. Mamadalieva’s «Images of Lison ut-Tair: symbol and metaphor» based on theoretical views. The convenience of Ramali musaddasi mahzuf and Ramali musaddasi maksur vazns for works in the direction of irfoniy epics has been revealed.

Subject of the research: A. Yakubov's novels “Ulughbek's treasury” and “The Ancient World” and their translations in the Turkish language.
Purpose of work: To reveal and depict the methods and means of transmitting (rendering) national color in the translations of A.Yakubov's novels “Ulughbek's treasury” and “The Ancient World” into the Turkish language as well as to determine the accuracy and adequacy of the translation, individual manner of the translator.
Methods of research: Comparative-Historical and Comparative-Typological methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: Preservance of national color and its transmission in literary translation, particularly in the translation of O.Yakubov's novels in the Turkish language have been researched. Methods and means of translating from closely related languages have been determined.
Practical value: The results of the thesis can be used in training philologists of wide profile, including translators and also in preparation and conducting courses of “The Theory and Practice of Translation”, “Comparative - Translation studies”, “The practice of Literary Translation”, “Translation mastery (skills)”, “The History of Translation”.
Degree of embed: The results of the thesis have been introduced into practice of conducting the courses “Practical work on translation”, “Practical course of the Turkish language”. They have been presented at scientific - practical conferences of Professors Staff of Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies during 2001-2010 years, as well as at the International Conferences and symposia, held in Istanbul (2007, 2009) and Ankara (2008). On the thesis there have been published 14 papers.
Field of application: Literary Criticism, Comparative Literary Criticism and Translation studies.

Subjects of research: different genre of folk creativity, ancient literature, religious philosophic resources classic and modern literature works of writers such as and so on S.Ahmad, O.Yoqubov, P.Qodirov, M.Ali, O.U.Xoshimov, E.Samandarov, M.Mansurov, M.M.Dost, Sh.Botaev, N.Norqobilov.
Purpose of work: the last quarter of the previous ccnturc, investigation of the problem of scientific and theoretical idea and samples of uzbek prose on historical and modem themes of the beginning of XXI centre.
Methods of research: comparative - typological method of analyses were used.
The results obtained and their novelty: The first investigation in monograph cal direction of the important place taken in artistic literature of the problem between fathers and sons, genesis and resources of the ideological aesthetic system: a) the beginning of the problem between fathers and sons in different periods proceeding of their character and social-aesthetical mind was clarified; b) influence of religious- philosophical ideology and analyses of spiritual-enlightened side on literary process; c) the direction of ideological-educational aim in clarifying of the reflection of social progress in genre were investigated; d) comparative-typological analyze of the problem of fathers and sons as human beings problem in russian and world literature.
Practical value: the result of dissertation and conclusions of the scientific-theoretical side of uzbek literature can be used in institutes and universities, faculties of philology, at Lyceums, colleges, schools, can be organized selected lessons, making textbooks and organizing different spiritual-educated measures dealing with national peculiarities.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: Lyceums, middle school and the lessons on theory of literature, history of literature and making textbooks also acceptable the result of the investigation were clarified in the articles of the writer.
Field of application: modern national literature, critic-aesthetic social-humanitar sciences, spheres of the sprite.

The dissertation is devoted to analise the problem of national hero at the dramatik period on the history of Usbckistan, the period which interpreted not only differently but also negatively in many public sciences. It is speaking about the investigation of the national hero, who took part in the movement, which called «Basmachilar» in the recent history, then when the impartial judge of history was re - established it called «national liberty movement».
The dissertation consists of introduction, three parts, conclusion and bibliographies.
The introduction part is about the importance of the theme. This part reveals the problem’s studing degree and forms the aims and tasks. It also gives information about investigation methods, sources, theoretical and practical meanings of the problem.
In the first part the manners Ibragimbek and Eshon Sudur from the novel «life in a harr» interpeted as a the hole system of artistic - imaginary remedies, which belong to the novels in the period of independence.
This system, on the one hand, increased artistic degree of the literature.
On the other hand helped to the novels, which propagandized independence, to pass succesfully through the scrutiny ideological examination of the sovet censorship.
The second part is about the discribing methods of the idea of national independence is studied from monologs, which belonged to Hurrambck - the main hero of this drama.
The third part is about the writer’s artistical skills to create the manner of the national hero. In this part, with the help of
Sh. Holmirzaev’s stories, analised problems line characteristic sides of the artistic works, which were written in a independent spirit, methods and means to describe the picture of the heroes, skills to use ideas of national independence in the context of artistic work, artistic skills, creative courage and etc.
The conclusion part summarized main theoretical conclusions, which were recicyrcd from the research.