86
Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue
(EJAR)
ISSN: 2181-2020
MPHAPP
THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL
CONFERENCE
“
MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
”
TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025
in-academy.uz
SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR VACUUM EVAPORATION AND
DRYING TO OBTAIN A DRY EXTRACT
Xusanov F.O.
1
Kambarov X.Dj.
2
Scientific-Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17321583
Relevance:
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in biologically active food
supplements with sedative effects. Of particular importance are phytopreparations containing a
complex of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and proanthocyanidins, which have antioxidant and
cardioprotective effects.Promising sources of plant raw materials include valerian roots (Valeriana
officinalis), rosehip (Rosa canina), lemon balm leaves (Melissa officinalis), and motherwort herb
(Leonurus cardiaca). The technology for obtaining dry extracts from these plants requires selecting
optimal conditions for evaporation and drying due to the high thermolability of the biologically active
substances.
Materials and Methods.
Vacuum evaporation is the process of removing a solvent at reduced
pressure, which lowers the boiling point and helps preserve thermolabile compounds. The key
parameters of this process are temperature, residual pressure, and stirring speed. Vacuum drying is
used to achieve the desired residual moisture content of the extract while maintaining the stability
and pharmacological activity of the active ingredients.
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) contains essential oils, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which
have a calming, antispasmodic, and antiviral effect.
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) contains valepotriates, isovaleric acid, and essential oils that
promote sedation, improve sleep, and have an antispasmodic effect.
Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, which help
lower blood pressure and support the cardiovascular system.
Rosehip (Rosa canina) – is a source of vitamin C, flavonoids, and pectins, providing
immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
Experimental data and literary sources indicate that the optimal conditions for evaporation are
a temperature range of 40–60 °C and a residual pressure of 60–80 mbar. This mode prevents the
destruction of phenolic compounds and minimizes the loss of volatile components. Stirring speed is
also important, as it ensures uniform solvent evaporation and prevents localized overheating.
The final stage, vacuum drying, is carried out at a temperature no higher than 50 °C. This mode
allows the extract to reach a residual moisture content of 3–5%, ensuring the preservation of
thermolabile components. A comparative analysis shows that exceeding the temperature range leads
to a decrease in antioxidant activity and the degradation of essential oils.
Results.
Optimizing the parameters for evaporation and drying allows for the production of a
dry extract with a high concentration of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. The preservation of the
extract's antioxidant activity confirms the feasibility of using vacuum technologies to obtain
standardized phytopreparations.
Conclusions.
In conclusion, the optimal conditions are vacuum evaporation at a temperature of
40–60 °C and a pressure of 60–80 mbar, as well as vacuum drying at a temperature no higher than 50
°C until a residual moisture content of 3–5% is achieved. Adherence to these parameters ensures the
87
Volume 5, Issue 10: Special Issue
(EJAR)
ISSN: 2181-2020
MPHAPP
THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL
CONFERENCE
“
MODERN PHARMACEUTICS: ACTUAL
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
”
TASHKENT, OCTOBER 17, 2025
in-academy.uz
preservation of biologically active substances and the formation of a standardized extract suitable for
use in sedative biologically active food supplements.
